BibTex RIS Cite

Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 19 - 26, 01.02.2015

Abstract

According to the firm balance-sheet channel of monetary transmission mechanism, since external finance is costly than internal finance, financially constrained firms chose internal finance. Monetary and fiscal authorities should consider the existence of the firm balance-sheet channel, when they design policies if it operates. A rise in real interest rates causes a rise in firm’s debt, fall in net worth and as a result of these changes, a rise in the marginal cost of external financing occurs. Consequently firms’ ability for investing and job creation decreases. In an economy in which investment is positively related with cash flow, an increase in firm’s cash flow results with an inrease in firm’s investment. In this paper we examined the effect of real interest rate, real exchange rate, cash flow and sales on the investment behaviour of the firm. The panel data analysis, performed by using Central Bank of Turkey’s firm balance sheet database, shows that the firm balance-sheet channel operates in Turkey

References

  • Aggarwal, R. ve Zong, S. (2006) “The Cash Flow In- vestment Relationship: International Evidence of Limited Access to External Finance” Journal of Multinational Fi- nancial Management, 16: 89-104.
  • Akerlof, G.A. (1970) “The Market for Lemons: Qu- ality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84:488-500.
  • Angelopoulou, E. ve Gibson, H.D. (2009) “The Ba- lance Sheet Channel of Monetary Transmission: Evidence from the United Kingdom” Economica, 76:675-703.
  • Baltagi, B.H. (2005) Econometric Analysis for Panel Data, 3. Baskı, İngiltere, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Benavente, JM., Johnson, C.A., ve Morande, F.G. (2003) “Debt Composition and Balance Sheet Effect of Exchange Rate Depreciations: A Firm Level Analysis for Chile” Emerging Market Review, 4: 397-416.
  • Bernanke, B. ve Blinder, A. (1992) “The Federal Funds Rate and The Channels of Monetary Transmissi- on” American Economic Review, 82: 901-921.
  • Bernanke, B. ve Gertler, M. (1995) “Inside the Black- box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Transmission Mec- hanism” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4):27-48.
  • Bernanke, B., Gertler, M. ve Gilchrist, S. (1999) The Financial Accelerator in a Quantitative Business Cycle Fra- mework Handbook of Macroeconomics, North Holland.
  • Cechetti, S. (1999) “Legal Structure, Financial Struc- ture and Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism” NBER Workin Paper Series No:7151.
  • Çakmaklı, S. (2005) “Parasal Aktarım Mekanizmaları: Türkiye Uygulaması” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Çavuşoğlu, T. (2002) “Credit Transmission Mechanism in Turkey: An Empirical Investigation” Doktora Tezi, Anka- ra, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Ekonomik Modeller Dairesi, Ekonomik Modeller ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü. (2008) “ DPTMAKRO-ARZ Makroekonometrik Modeli” Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Elekdağ, S. (2003) “Exchange Rate Regimes and Mo- netary Policy for Turkey” International Monetary Fund, Washington.
  • Fazzari, S.M., Hubbard, G., Petersen, B.C., Blinder, A. ve Poterba, J.M. (1988) “Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment” Brookings Papers on Economic Ac- tivity, 1988(1): 141-206.
  • Gertler, M. ve Gilchrist, S. (1994) “Monetary Policy, Business Cycles, and the Behaviour of Small Manifacturing Firms” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 59:309-340.
  • Gündüz, L. (2001) “Türkiye’de Parasal Aktarım Meka- nizması ve Banka Kredi Kanalı” İMKB Dergisi, 18:13-30.
  • Hubbard, R.G. (1994) “Is There A Credit Channel for Monetary Policy?” NBER Working Paper Series No: 4977.
  • Hubbard, R.G. (1998) “Capital Market Imperfec- tions and Investment” Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1):193-225.
  • Kaplan, S. ve Zingales, L. (1997) “Do Investment Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Fi- nancing Constraints?” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112:169-215.
  • Lünneman, P. ve Matha, T. (2001) “Monetary Trans- mission: Empirical Evidence from Luxembourg Firm Le- vel Data” European Working Paper Series, No:111.
  • Meltzer, A.H. (1995) “Monetary, Credit and (Other) Transmission Processes: A Monetarist Perspective” Jour- nal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4):49-72.
  • Mishkin, F. (1995) “Symposium on the Monetary Transmission Mechanism” Journal of Economic Perspecti- ves, 9(4): 3-10.
  • Mishkin, F. (1996) “The Channels of Monetary Trans- mission: Lessons For Monetary Policy” NBER, Working Paper Series No:5464.
  • Mishkin, F. (2001) “The Transmission Mechanism and The Role of Asset Prices in Monetary Policy” NBER Working Paper Series No:8617.
  • Öztürkler, H. (2002) “The Monetary Transmission Mechanism: An Empirical Application to Turkish Economy” Doktora Tezi,The American University.
  • Sezer, B. (2003) “Parasal aktarım mekanizması ve Türkiye’de işleyişi” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Blimler Enstitüsü.
  • Taylor, J. (1995) “The Monetary Transmission Mec- hanism: An Empirical Framework” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4):11-26.
  • Temir-Fıratoğlu, B. (2004) “Role of Financial Mar- ket Imperfections in Firm Level Investment: Panel Data Evidence from Turkish Corporations” İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası.

Parasal Aktarım Mekanizması: Firma Bilanço Kanalı ve Türkiye

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 19 - 26, 01.02.2015

Abstract

Parasal aktarım mekanizmasının firma bilanço kanalına göre finansal kısıtı olan firmalar dış finansman daha pahalı olduğu için iç finansmana yönelmektedir. Firma bilanço kanalının çalışması para ve maliye politikası yapıcılarının aldıkları kararlarda bu kanalın yaratacağı etkileri dikkate almalarını gerektirmektedir. Reel faizlerin artması firmaların borçlarının artmasına, net değerlerinin düşmesine ve dolayısıyla dış finansmanın marjinal maliyetinin artmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu durumun doğal sonucu ise firmanın yatırım yapma ve istihdam yaratma kabiliyetlerinin azalmasıdır. Yatırımların nakit akımına duyarlı ve bununla pozitif ilişkili olduğu bir ortamda firma bazında nakit akımının artması yatırımların artması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada firma yatırımlarının reel faiz, reel kur, nakit akımı ve satışlar ile ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Panel veri analizi ile TCMB’nın veri tabanı kullanılarak yapılan çalışma ve bulgular çerçevesinde Türkiye için firma bilanço kanalının çalıştığı bulgusuna ulaşılmaktadır

References

  • Aggarwal, R. ve Zong, S. (2006) “The Cash Flow In- vestment Relationship: International Evidence of Limited Access to External Finance” Journal of Multinational Fi- nancial Management, 16: 89-104.
  • Akerlof, G.A. (1970) “The Market for Lemons: Qu- ality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84:488-500.
  • Angelopoulou, E. ve Gibson, H.D. (2009) “The Ba- lance Sheet Channel of Monetary Transmission: Evidence from the United Kingdom” Economica, 76:675-703.
  • Baltagi, B.H. (2005) Econometric Analysis for Panel Data, 3. Baskı, İngiltere, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Benavente, JM., Johnson, C.A., ve Morande, F.G. (2003) “Debt Composition and Balance Sheet Effect of Exchange Rate Depreciations: A Firm Level Analysis for Chile” Emerging Market Review, 4: 397-416.
  • Bernanke, B. ve Blinder, A. (1992) “The Federal Funds Rate and The Channels of Monetary Transmissi- on” American Economic Review, 82: 901-921.
  • Bernanke, B. ve Gertler, M. (1995) “Inside the Black- box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Transmission Mec- hanism” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4):27-48.
  • Bernanke, B., Gertler, M. ve Gilchrist, S. (1999) The Financial Accelerator in a Quantitative Business Cycle Fra- mework Handbook of Macroeconomics, North Holland.
  • Cechetti, S. (1999) “Legal Structure, Financial Struc- ture and Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism” NBER Workin Paper Series No:7151.
  • Çakmaklı, S. (2005) “Parasal Aktarım Mekanizmaları: Türkiye Uygulaması” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Çavuşoğlu, T. (2002) “Credit Transmission Mechanism in Turkey: An Empirical Investigation” Doktora Tezi, Anka- ra, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Ekonomik Modeller Dairesi, Ekonomik Modeller ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü. (2008) “ DPTMAKRO-ARZ Makroekonometrik Modeli” Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Elekdağ, S. (2003) “Exchange Rate Regimes and Mo- netary Policy for Turkey” International Monetary Fund, Washington.
  • Fazzari, S.M., Hubbard, G., Petersen, B.C., Blinder, A. ve Poterba, J.M. (1988) “Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment” Brookings Papers on Economic Ac- tivity, 1988(1): 141-206.
  • Gertler, M. ve Gilchrist, S. (1994) “Monetary Policy, Business Cycles, and the Behaviour of Small Manifacturing Firms” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 59:309-340.
  • Gündüz, L. (2001) “Türkiye’de Parasal Aktarım Meka- nizması ve Banka Kredi Kanalı” İMKB Dergisi, 18:13-30.
  • Hubbard, R.G. (1994) “Is There A Credit Channel for Monetary Policy?” NBER Working Paper Series No: 4977.
  • Hubbard, R.G. (1998) “Capital Market Imperfec- tions and Investment” Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1):193-225.
  • Kaplan, S. ve Zingales, L. (1997) “Do Investment Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Fi- nancing Constraints?” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112:169-215.
  • Lünneman, P. ve Matha, T. (2001) “Monetary Trans- mission: Empirical Evidence from Luxembourg Firm Le- vel Data” European Working Paper Series, No:111.
  • Meltzer, A.H. (1995) “Monetary, Credit and (Other) Transmission Processes: A Monetarist Perspective” Jour- nal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4):49-72.
  • Mishkin, F. (1995) “Symposium on the Monetary Transmission Mechanism” Journal of Economic Perspecti- ves, 9(4): 3-10.
  • Mishkin, F. (1996) “The Channels of Monetary Trans- mission: Lessons For Monetary Policy” NBER, Working Paper Series No:5464.
  • Mishkin, F. (2001) “The Transmission Mechanism and The Role of Asset Prices in Monetary Policy” NBER Working Paper Series No:8617.
  • Öztürkler, H. (2002) “The Monetary Transmission Mechanism: An Empirical Application to Turkish Economy” Doktora Tezi,The American University.
  • Sezer, B. (2003) “Parasal aktarım mekanizması ve Türkiye’de işleyişi” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Blimler Enstitüsü.
  • Taylor, J. (1995) “The Monetary Transmission Mec- hanism: An Empirical Framework” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4):11-26.
  • Temir-Fıratoğlu, B. (2004) “Role of Financial Mar- ket Imperfections in Firm Level Investment: Panel Data Evidence from Turkish Corporations” İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA63HB67AE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ümit Koç

Hasan Şahin This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koç, Ü., & Şahin, H. (2015). Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey. Ege Academic Review, 15(1), 19-26.
AMA Koç Ü, Şahin H. Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey. ear. February 2015;15(1):19-26.
Chicago Koç, Ümit, and Hasan Şahin. “Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey”. Ege Academic Review 15, no. 1 (February 2015): 19-26.
EndNote Koç Ü, Şahin H (February 1, 2015) Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey. Ege Academic Review 15 1 19–26.
IEEE Ü. Koç and H. Şahin, “Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey”, ear, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 2015.
ISNAD Koç, Ümit - Şahin, Hasan. “Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey”. Ege Academic Review 15/1 (February 2015), 19-26.
JAMA Koç Ü, Şahin H. Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey. ear. 2015;15:19–26.
MLA Koç, Ümit and Hasan Şahin. “Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 15, no. 1, 2015, pp. 19-26.
Vancouver Koç Ü, Şahin H. Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Firm Balance Sheet Channel and Turkey. ear. 2015;15(1):19-26.