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The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 01.02.2017

Abstract

Use of electricity energy, which is one of the most important inputs of production process, its importance increases significantly as a result of globalization. Therefore the effect of capital, employment and electricity consumption on production level must be investigated. Accordingly, this study is aimed to shed light upon relationships between Turkey’s industrial production, capital, employment and electricity consumption, by Vector Error Correction Model and Variance Decomposition for the period 1986-2011. As a result, the effect of electricity consumption, capital and employment on industrial sector production was founded positively. Considering that Turkey is expected to have more investment which will require more electricity consumption, a positive effect on production level

References

  • Aghion, P. ve Howitt, P. (1992) “A model of growth through creative destruction” Econometrica, 60(2): 323-351.
  • Akbaş, Y. E. ve Şentürk, M. (2013) “MENA ülkelerinde elektrik tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkinin analizi” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 41: 45-67.
  • Altınay, G. ve Karagöl, E. (2005) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey” Energy Economics, 27(6): 849-856.
  • Altıntaş, H. ve Koçbulut, Ö. (2014) “Türkiye’de elektrik tüketiminin dinamikleri ve ekonomik büyüme: sınır testi ve nedensellik analizi” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (43): 37-65.
  • Altıntaş, H. ve Mercan, M. (2015) “Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G-11 Ülkeleri Örneğinde Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Uygulaması” TISK Academy/TISK Akademi, 10(20).
  • Apostolakis, B. E. (1990) “Energy-Capital Substitutability/Complementarity: The Dichotomy” Energy Economics, 12: 48-58.
  • Ay, A. ve Özşahin, Ş. (2007) “J Eğrisi Hipotezinin Testi: Türkiye Ekonomisinde Reel Döviz Kuru ve Dış Ticaret Dengesi İlişki” Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1): 8-9.
  • Bayraktutan, Y., Uçak, S. ve Bicil, İ. M. (2012) “Yükselen Piyasalarda Elektrik Tüketimi büyüme ilişkisi: Nedensellik Analizi” Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1): 241-254.
  • Belloumi, M. (2009) “Energy Consumption and GDP in Tunisia: Cointegration and Causality Analysis” Energy Policy, 37(7): 2745-2753.
  • Bowden, N. ve Payne, J. E. (2009) “The Causal Relationship Between U.S. Energy Consumption and Real Output: A Disaggregated Analysis” Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(2): 180-188.
  • Berndt, E. R. ve Wood, D. O. (1979) “Engineering and Econometric Interpretations of Energy-Capital Complementarity” The American Economic Review, 69: 342-354.
  • Chang, T., Fang, W. ve Wen, L. F. (2001) “Energy Consumption, Employment, Output and Temporal Causality: Evidence from Taiwan Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques”Applied Economics, 33(8): 1045-1056.
  • Chen, S. T., Kuo, H. I. ve Chen, C. C. (2007) “The Relationship Between GDP and Electricity Consumption in 10 Asian Countries” Energy Policy, 35(4): 2611-2621.
  • Ciarreta, A. ve Zarraga, A. (2010) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Spain”Applied Economics Letters, 17(14): 1417-1421.
  • Demir, O. (2002) “Durgun durum büyümeden içsel büyümeye”Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1).
  • Deniz, P. (2015) “Electricity Consumption and Growth: Wavelet Analysis for Emerging Markets”. Engle, R. F. ve Granger, C. W. (1987) “Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing” Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276.
  • Erdal, G., Erdal, H. ve Esengün, K. (2008) “The Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey” Energy Policy, 36(10): 3838-3842. Türkiye’de Üretim Düzeyini Etkileyen Faktörlerden Elektrik Tüketimi, İstihdam ve Sermaye Üçlüsü 21
  • Ergün, S. ve Polat, M. A. (2015) “OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45): 115-141.
  • Gbadebo, O. O. ve Okonkwo, C. (2009) “Does Energy Consumption Contribute to Economic Performance? Empirical Evidence from Nigeria”Journal of Economics and International Finance, 1(2): 44-58.
  • Ghali K. H. ve El-Sakka M. (2004) “Energy Use and Output Growth in Canada: A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis” Energy Economics, 26: 225- 238.
  • Ghosh, S. (2002) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in India” Energy Policy, 30(2): 125- 129.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Helpman, E. (1991) “Quality ladders in the theory of growth” The Review of Economic Studies, 58(1): 43-61.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1999) Temel Ekonometri, Birinci Basım, Literatür Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2009) “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey” Energy Policy, 37(3): 1156-1164.
  • Jobert, T. ve Karanfil, F. (2007) “Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source and Economic Growth in Turkey” Energy Policy, 35(11): 5447-5456.
  • Jones, C. (1998) Introduction To Economic Growth, 2nd Edition, W.W.Norton &Company Inc., NewYork.
  • Kar, M. ve Kınık, E. (2008) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi Çeşitleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Ekonometrik Bir Analizi” Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 10(2): 333-353.
  • Karakaş, A. (2014) “OECD ve OECD dışı ülkelerde elektrik tüketimi, nüfus ve gelir ilişkisi: 1990-2011 dönemi için bir panel veri analizi” Electronic Turkish Studies, 9(2).
  • Karanfil, F. ve Li, Y. (2015) “Electricity consumption and economic growth: exploring panel-specific differences” Energy Policy, 82: 264-277.
  • Mozumder, P. ve Marathe, A. (2007) “Causality Relationship Between Electricity Consumption and GDP in Bangladesh” Energy Policy, 35(1): 395-402.
  • Mucuk, M. ve Uysal, D. (2009) “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme”Maliye Dergisi, 157: 105-115.
  • Murry, D. A. ve Nan, G. D. (1996) “A Definition of the Gross Domestic Product-Electrification Interrelationship” Journal of Energy and Development, 19: 275-283.
  • Narayan, P. K. ve Singh, B. (2007) “The Electricity Consumption and GDP Nexus for the Fiji Islands” Energy Economics, 29(6): 1141-1150.
  • Narayan, P. K. ve Prasad, A. (2008) “Electricity Consumption–Real GDP Causality Nexus: Evidence from a Bootstrapped Causality Test for 30 OECD Countries” Energy Policy, 36(2): 910-918.
  • Narayan, P. ve Smyth, R. (2009) “The Effect of Inflation and Real Wages on Productivity: New Evidence from a Panel of G7 Countries”Applied Economics,41(10): 1285-1291.
  • Nişancı, M. (2005) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Enerjisi Talebi ve Elektrik Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki” Selçuk Üniversitesi İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(4): 107-120.
  • Öztürk, İ. ve Acaravcı, A. (2011) “Electricity Consumption and Real GDP Causality Nexus: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach for 11 MENA Countries” Applied Energy, 88: 2885-2892.
  • Paul, S. ve Bhattacharya, R. N. (2004) “Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflicting Results” Energy Economics, 26(6): 977-983.
  • Payne, J. E. (2009) “On the Dynamics of Energy Consumption and Output in the US” Applied Energy, 86(4): 575-577.
  • Peterson, W. C. (1976) Gelir İstihdam ve Ekonomik Büyüme, Eskişehir İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi Yayınları, Eskişehir.
  • Romer, P.M. (1990) “Capital, labor, and productivity”Brookings papers on economic activity. Microeconomics: 337-367.
  • Salahuddin, M., Gow, J. ve Ozturk, I. (2015) “Is the long-run relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and financial development in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries robust?” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51: 317-326.
  • Salvatore, D. (1986) Microeconomics: Theory and Applications, MacMillan Publishing Company, New York.
  • Sarı, R. ve Soytaş, U. (2007) “The Growth of Income and Energy Consumption in Six Developing Countries” Energy Policy, 35(2): 889-898.
  • Satman, A. (2006) “General Energy Demand, Production Projections, Options of Supply, Political Priority of Turkey” 10th Turkish Energy Congress. Gürçem ORANSAY 22
  • Shiu, A. ve Lam, P. L. (2004) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in China” Energy Policy, 32(1): 47-54.
  • Soytaş, U., Sarı, R. ve Özdemir, O. (2001) “Energy Consumption and GDP Relation in Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis” Economies and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change in the Global Environment Proceedings, 838-844.
  • Stern, D. I. (1993) “Energy and Economic Growth in the USA: A Multivariate Approach” Energy Economics, 15(2): 137-150.
  • Stresing, R., Lindenberger, D. ve Kümmel, R. (2008) “Cointegration of Output, Capital, Labor, and Energy” The European Physical Journal, 66(2): 279-287.
  • Terzi, H. (1998) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Sektörel Bir Karşılaştırma”İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 13(144): 62-71.
  • Türkyılmaz, O. (2011) “Türkiye’nin Enerji Görünümü” TMMOB Edirne Şubesi Trakya Üniversitesi Balkan Kongre Merkezi, 16-17.
  • Uzun, A., Emsen, Ö. S., Yalçıkaya, Ö. ve Hüseyni, İ. (2013) “Toplam Elektrik Üretimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği (1980-2010)/Total Electricity Generation and its Relation to Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey (1980-2010)”Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi,17(3): 327-344.
  • Yardımcı, P. (2006) “İçsel Büyüme Modelleri ve Türkiye Ekonomisinde İçsel Büyümenin Dinamikleri”Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1: 96-114.
  • Yuan, J. H., Kang, J. G., Zhao, C. H. ve Hu, Z. G. (2008) “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from China at both Aggregated and Disaggregated Levels” Energy Economics, 30(6): 3077- 3094.
  • Zachariadis, T. (2007) “Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Use and Economic Growth with Bivariate Models: New Evidence from G-7 Countries” Energy Economics, 29(6): 1233-1253.
  • Zhang, X. P. ve Cheng, X. M. (2009) “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China” Ecological Economics, 68(10): 2706- 2712.

Türkiye’de Üretim Düzeyini Etkileyen Faktörlerden Elektrik Tüketimi, İstihdam ve Sermaye Üçlüsü

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 01.02.2017

Abstract

Üretim süreci için önemli girdilerden biri haline gelen elektrik enerjisi, küreselleşme ile birlikte önemini daha da arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle sermaye, istihdam ve elektrik tüketiminin üretim artışına etkisi incelenmesi gereken bir konu haline gelmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada; Türkiye’nin 1986-2011 arası dönemi için uzun dönemli ilişki Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli ve Varyans Ayrışması ile analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, sanayi sektöründeki elektrik tüketimi, sermaye ve istihdamın sanayi sektörü üretim miktarı üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Türkiye’nin elektrik tüketimini arttırabilmesi için bu alanda yapacağı yatırımların, sanayi sektörü üretim düzeyini arttırmada olumlu sonuçlar yaratabileceği söylenebilir

References

  • Aghion, P. ve Howitt, P. (1992) “A model of growth through creative destruction” Econometrica, 60(2): 323-351.
  • Akbaş, Y. E. ve Şentürk, M. (2013) “MENA ülkelerinde elektrik tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkinin analizi” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 41: 45-67.
  • Altınay, G. ve Karagöl, E. (2005) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey” Energy Economics, 27(6): 849-856.
  • Altıntaş, H. ve Koçbulut, Ö. (2014) “Türkiye’de elektrik tüketiminin dinamikleri ve ekonomik büyüme: sınır testi ve nedensellik analizi” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (43): 37-65.
  • Altıntaş, H. ve Mercan, M. (2015) “Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G-11 Ülkeleri Örneğinde Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Uygulaması” TISK Academy/TISK Akademi, 10(20).
  • Apostolakis, B. E. (1990) “Energy-Capital Substitutability/Complementarity: The Dichotomy” Energy Economics, 12: 48-58.
  • Ay, A. ve Özşahin, Ş. (2007) “J Eğrisi Hipotezinin Testi: Türkiye Ekonomisinde Reel Döviz Kuru ve Dış Ticaret Dengesi İlişki” Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1): 8-9.
  • Bayraktutan, Y., Uçak, S. ve Bicil, İ. M. (2012) “Yükselen Piyasalarda Elektrik Tüketimi büyüme ilişkisi: Nedensellik Analizi” Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1): 241-254.
  • Belloumi, M. (2009) “Energy Consumption and GDP in Tunisia: Cointegration and Causality Analysis” Energy Policy, 37(7): 2745-2753.
  • Bowden, N. ve Payne, J. E. (2009) “The Causal Relationship Between U.S. Energy Consumption and Real Output: A Disaggregated Analysis” Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(2): 180-188.
  • Berndt, E. R. ve Wood, D. O. (1979) “Engineering and Econometric Interpretations of Energy-Capital Complementarity” The American Economic Review, 69: 342-354.
  • Chang, T., Fang, W. ve Wen, L. F. (2001) “Energy Consumption, Employment, Output and Temporal Causality: Evidence from Taiwan Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques”Applied Economics, 33(8): 1045-1056.
  • Chen, S. T., Kuo, H. I. ve Chen, C. C. (2007) “The Relationship Between GDP and Electricity Consumption in 10 Asian Countries” Energy Policy, 35(4): 2611-2621.
  • Ciarreta, A. ve Zarraga, A. (2010) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Spain”Applied Economics Letters, 17(14): 1417-1421.
  • Demir, O. (2002) “Durgun durum büyümeden içsel büyümeye”Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1).
  • Deniz, P. (2015) “Electricity Consumption and Growth: Wavelet Analysis for Emerging Markets”. Engle, R. F. ve Granger, C. W. (1987) “Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing” Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276.
  • Erdal, G., Erdal, H. ve Esengün, K. (2008) “The Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey” Energy Policy, 36(10): 3838-3842. Türkiye’de Üretim Düzeyini Etkileyen Faktörlerden Elektrik Tüketimi, İstihdam ve Sermaye Üçlüsü 21
  • Ergün, S. ve Polat, M. A. (2015) “OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45): 115-141.
  • Gbadebo, O. O. ve Okonkwo, C. (2009) “Does Energy Consumption Contribute to Economic Performance? Empirical Evidence from Nigeria”Journal of Economics and International Finance, 1(2): 44-58.
  • Ghali K. H. ve El-Sakka M. (2004) “Energy Use and Output Growth in Canada: A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis” Energy Economics, 26: 225- 238.
  • Ghosh, S. (2002) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in India” Energy Policy, 30(2): 125- 129.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Helpman, E. (1991) “Quality ladders in the theory of growth” The Review of Economic Studies, 58(1): 43-61.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1999) Temel Ekonometri, Birinci Basım, Literatür Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2009) “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey” Energy Policy, 37(3): 1156-1164.
  • Jobert, T. ve Karanfil, F. (2007) “Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source and Economic Growth in Turkey” Energy Policy, 35(11): 5447-5456.
  • Jones, C. (1998) Introduction To Economic Growth, 2nd Edition, W.W.Norton &Company Inc., NewYork.
  • Kar, M. ve Kınık, E. (2008) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi Çeşitleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Ekonometrik Bir Analizi” Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 10(2): 333-353.
  • Karakaş, A. (2014) “OECD ve OECD dışı ülkelerde elektrik tüketimi, nüfus ve gelir ilişkisi: 1990-2011 dönemi için bir panel veri analizi” Electronic Turkish Studies, 9(2).
  • Karanfil, F. ve Li, Y. (2015) “Electricity consumption and economic growth: exploring panel-specific differences” Energy Policy, 82: 264-277.
  • Mozumder, P. ve Marathe, A. (2007) “Causality Relationship Between Electricity Consumption and GDP in Bangladesh” Energy Policy, 35(1): 395-402.
  • Mucuk, M. ve Uysal, D. (2009) “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme”Maliye Dergisi, 157: 105-115.
  • Murry, D. A. ve Nan, G. D. (1996) “A Definition of the Gross Domestic Product-Electrification Interrelationship” Journal of Energy and Development, 19: 275-283.
  • Narayan, P. K. ve Singh, B. (2007) “The Electricity Consumption and GDP Nexus for the Fiji Islands” Energy Economics, 29(6): 1141-1150.
  • Narayan, P. K. ve Prasad, A. (2008) “Electricity Consumption–Real GDP Causality Nexus: Evidence from a Bootstrapped Causality Test for 30 OECD Countries” Energy Policy, 36(2): 910-918.
  • Narayan, P. ve Smyth, R. (2009) “The Effect of Inflation and Real Wages on Productivity: New Evidence from a Panel of G7 Countries”Applied Economics,41(10): 1285-1291.
  • Nişancı, M. (2005) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Enerjisi Talebi ve Elektrik Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki” Selçuk Üniversitesi İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(4): 107-120.
  • Öztürk, İ. ve Acaravcı, A. (2011) “Electricity Consumption and Real GDP Causality Nexus: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach for 11 MENA Countries” Applied Energy, 88: 2885-2892.
  • Paul, S. ve Bhattacharya, R. N. (2004) “Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflicting Results” Energy Economics, 26(6): 977-983.
  • Payne, J. E. (2009) “On the Dynamics of Energy Consumption and Output in the US” Applied Energy, 86(4): 575-577.
  • Peterson, W. C. (1976) Gelir İstihdam ve Ekonomik Büyüme, Eskişehir İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi Yayınları, Eskişehir.
  • Romer, P.M. (1990) “Capital, labor, and productivity”Brookings papers on economic activity. Microeconomics: 337-367.
  • Salahuddin, M., Gow, J. ve Ozturk, I. (2015) “Is the long-run relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and financial development in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries robust?” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51: 317-326.
  • Salvatore, D. (1986) Microeconomics: Theory and Applications, MacMillan Publishing Company, New York.
  • Sarı, R. ve Soytaş, U. (2007) “The Growth of Income and Energy Consumption in Six Developing Countries” Energy Policy, 35(2): 889-898.
  • Satman, A. (2006) “General Energy Demand, Production Projections, Options of Supply, Political Priority of Turkey” 10th Turkish Energy Congress. Gürçem ORANSAY 22
  • Shiu, A. ve Lam, P. L. (2004) “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in China” Energy Policy, 32(1): 47-54.
  • Soytaş, U., Sarı, R. ve Özdemir, O. (2001) “Energy Consumption and GDP Relation in Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis” Economies and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change in the Global Environment Proceedings, 838-844.
  • Stern, D. I. (1993) “Energy and Economic Growth in the USA: A Multivariate Approach” Energy Economics, 15(2): 137-150.
  • Stresing, R., Lindenberger, D. ve Kümmel, R. (2008) “Cointegration of Output, Capital, Labor, and Energy” The European Physical Journal, 66(2): 279-287.
  • Terzi, H. (1998) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Sektörel Bir Karşılaştırma”İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 13(144): 62-71.
  • Türkyılmaz, O. (2011) “Türkiye’nin Enerji Görünümü” TMMOB Edirne Şubesi Trakya Üniversitesi Balkan Kongre Merkezi, 16-17.
  • Uzun, A., Emsen, Ö. S., Yalçıkaya, Ö. ve Hüseyni, İ. (2013) “Toplam Elektrik Üretimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği (1980-2010)/Total Electricity Generation and its Relation to Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey (1980-2010)”Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi,17(3): 327-344.
  • Yardımcı, P. (2006) “İçsel Büyüme Modelleri ve Türkiye Ekonomisinde İçsel Büyümenin Dinamikleri”Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1: 96-114.
  • Yuan, J. H., Kang, J. G., Zhao, C. H. ve Hu, Z. G. (2008) “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from China at both Aggregated and Disaggregated Levels” Energy Economics, 30(6): 3077- 3094.
  • Zachariadis, T. (2007) “Exploring the Relationship Between Energy Use and Economic Growth with Bivariate Models: New Evidence from G-7 Countries” Energy Economics, 29(6): 1233-1253.
  • Zhang, X. P. ve Cheng, X. M. (2009) “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China” Ecological Economics, 68(10): 2706- 2712.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA66CB39PZ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gürçem Oransay This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Oransay, G. (2017). The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey. Ege Academic Review, 17(1), 13-22.
AMA Oransay G. The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey. ear. February 2017;17(1):13-22.
Chicago Oransay, Gürçem. “The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey”. Ege Academic Review 17, no. 1 (February 2017): 13-22.
EndNote Oransay G (February 1, 2017) The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey. Ege Academic Review 17 1 13–22.
IEEE G. Oransay, “The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey”, ear, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 13–22, 2017.
ISNAD Oransay, Gürçem. “The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey”. Ege Academic Review 17/1 (February 2017), 13-22.
JAMA Oransay G. The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey. ear. 2017;17:13–22.
MLA Oransay, Gürçem. “The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017, pp. 13-22.
Vancouver Oransay G. The Trio of Production Level: Electricity Consumption, Employment and Capital in Turkey. ear. 2017;17(1):13-22.