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Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 255 - 264, 01.05.2017

Abstract

The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis observes the linkage between environmental quality and per capita income. It argues that environmental quality decreases in early periods of GDP growth per capita. But from a certain point it begins to increase. This paper examines the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) countries by using the variables, energy consumption, CO2 emissions per capita income for the time period of 1992-2012. Panel data is used in order to test if there is a relationship that supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis

References

  • Acaravcı, A. and Öztürk, I. (2010) “On the Relationship between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Europe” Energy, 35: 5412-5420.
  • Arı, A. and Zeren, F. (2011) “CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi” Celal Bayar Üniversitesi I.I.B.F. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18(2).
  • Apergis, N. and Payne, J. E. (2009) “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Central: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Error Correction Model” Energy Economics, 31: 211–219.
  • Apergis, N. and Payne, J. E. (2010) “The Emissions, Energy Consumption and Growth Nexus: Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States” Energy Policy, 38: 650-655.
  • Baek, J. (2015) “Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 Emissions: The Case of Arctic Countries” Energy Economics, 50: 13-17.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2001) “Econometric Analysis of Panel Data” 2nd Edition, England, John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
  • Bruvoll, A. and Medin, H. (2003) “Factors behind the Environmental Kuznets Curve a Decomposition of the Changes in Air Pollution” Environmental and Resource Economics, 24: 27–48.
  • Erataş, F. and Uysal, D. (2014) “Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Yaklaşımının BRICT Ülkeleri Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi” İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 64: 1-25.
  • Grossman, G. M. and Krueger, A. B. (1991) “Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Aggrement” NBER Working Papers Series No: 3914.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2003) “Basic Econometrics” 4th Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • Kaya, N.G. (2009) “Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği (KEİ) Şartının Kabul Edilişinin 10. Yıldönümünde KEİ’nin Bir Değerlendirmesi” Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, 35: 10-15.
  • Leitao, N. C. (2013) “The Environmental Kuznets Curve and Globalization: The Empirical Evidence for Portugal, Spain, Greece and Ireland” Energy Economics Letters, 1(1): 15-23.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F. and Chu, C. (2002) “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties” Journal of Econometrics, 108(1): 1–24.
  • Liu, X. (2005) “Explaining the Relationship between CO2 Emissions and National Income: The Role of Energy Consumption” Economics Letters, 87: 325-328.
  • Mor, S. and Jindal, S. (2012) “Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve and Kyoto Parties: A Panel Data Analysis” IJCEM.
  • Öztürk, Z. and Ertuğrul, Y. (2015) “Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Mint Countries: Evidence of Long-Run Panel Causality Test” The International Journal of Economic and Social Research, 11(1).
  • Saatçi, M. and Dumrul, Y. (2012) “Çevre Kirliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Türk Ekonomisi için Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş-Bütünleşme Yöntemiyle Tahmini” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37: 65-86.
  • Selden, T. M. and Song, D. (1994) “Environmental Quality and Development: Is There a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution?” Journal of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management, 27: 147-162.
  • Song, T., Zheng, T. and Tong, L. (2008) “An Empirical Test of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in China: A Panel Cointegration Approach” China Economic Review, 19: 381-392.
  • Stern, D. I. (2003) “The Environmental Kuznets Curve” International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics, Department of Economics, Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, USA.
  • World Development Indicators (2015) http://data. worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-developmentindicators, (10.09.2015)
  • Yandle, B., Bhattarai, M. and Vijayaraghavan, M. (2004) “Environmental Kuznets Curves: A Review of Findings, Methods, and Policy Implications” PERC Research Study, 2(1): 1-38.

Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi: KEİÖ Ülkeleri Uygulaması

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 255 - 264, 01.05.2017

Abstract

Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezi çevresel kalite ve kişi başı gelir arasındaki bağlantıyı araştırmaktadır. Bu yaklaşıma göre kişi başı gelir büyümesinin ilk aşamalarında çevresel kalite düşmekte ve belirli bir noktadan sonra ise artmaya başlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği (KEİ) ülkelerinde enerji tüketimi, CO2 emisyonu ve kişi başı gelir değişkenleri kullanılarak 1992-2012 zaman periyodunda Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi’nin varlığını araştırılmaktadır. Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezini destekleyen bir ilişkinin varlığının tespit edilmesinde panel yöntemi kullanılmıştır

References

  • Acaravcı, A. and Öztürk, I. (2010) “On the Relationship between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Europe” Energy, 35: 5412-5420.
  • Arı, A. and Zeren, F. (2011) “CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi” Celal Bayar Üniversitesi I.I.B.F. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18(2).
  • Apergis, N. and Payne, J. E. (2009) “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Central: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Error Correction Model” Energy Economics, 31: 211–219.
  • Apergis, N. and Payne, J. E. (2010) “The Emissions, Energy Consumption and Growth Nexus: Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States” Energy Policy, 38: 650-655.
  • Baek, J. (2015) “Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 Emissions: The Case of Arctic Countries” Energy Economics, 50: 13-17.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2001) “Econometric Analysis of Panel Data” 2nd Edition, England, John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
  • Bruvoll, A. and Medin, H. (2003) “Factors behind the Environmental Kuznets Curve a Decomposition of the Changes in Air Pollution” Environmental and Resource Economics, 24: 27–48.
  • Erataş, F. and Uysal, D. (2014) “Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Yaklaşımının BRICT Ülkeleri Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi” İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 64: 1-25.
  • Grossman, G. M. and Krueger, A. B. (1991) “Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Aggrement” NBER Working Papers Series No: 3914.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2003) “Basic Econometrics” 4th Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • Kaya, N.G. (2009) “Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği (KEİ) Şartının Kabul Edilişinin 10. Yıldönümünde KEİ’nin Bir Değerlendirmesi” Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, 35: 10-15.
  • Leitao, N. C. (2013) “The Environmental Kuznets Curve and Globalization: The Empirical Evidence for Portugal, Spain, Greece and Ireland” Energy Economics Letters, 1(1): 15-23.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F. and Chu, C. (2002) “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties” Journal of Econometrics, 108(1): 1–24.
  • Liu, X. (2005) “Explaining the Relationship between CO2 Emissions and National Income: The Role of Energy Consumption” Economics Letters, 87: 325-328.
  • Mor, S. and Jindal, S. (2012) “Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve and Kyoto Parties: A Panel Data Analysis” IJCEM.
  • Öztürk, Z. and Ertuğrul, Y. (2015) “Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Mint Countries: Evidence of Long-Run Panel Causality Test” The International Journal of Economic and Social Research, 11(1).
  • Saatçi, M. and Dumrul, Y. (2012) “Çevre Kirliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Türk Ekonomisi için Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş-Bütünleşme Yöntemiyle Tahmini” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37: 65-86.
  • Selden, T. M. and Song, D. (1994) “Environmental Quality and Development: Is There a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution?” Journal of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management, 27: 147-162.
  • Song, T., Zheng, T. and Tong, L. (2008) “An Empirical Test of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in China: A Panel Cointegration Approach” China Economic Review, 19: 381-392.
  • Stern, D. I. (2003) “The Environmental Kuznets Curve” International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics, Department of Economics, Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, USA.
  • World Development Indicators (2015) http://data. worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-developmentindicators, (10.09.2015)
  • Yandle, B., Bhattarai, M. and Vijayaraghavan, M. (2004) “Environmental Kuznets Curves: A Review of Findings, Methods, and Policy Implications” PERC Research Study, 2(1): 1-38.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA43HP55AF
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Şenay Saraç This is me

Aykut Yağlıkara

Publication Date May 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Saraç, Ş., & Yağlıkara, A. (2017). Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries. Ege Academic Review, 17(2), 255-264.
AMA Saraç Ş, Yağlıkara A. Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries. ear. May 2017;17(2):255-264.
Chicago Saraç, Şenay, and Aykut Yağlıkara. “Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries”. Ege Academic Review 17, no. 2 (May 2017): 255-64.
EndNote Saraç Ş, Yağlıkara A (May 1, 2017) Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries. Ege Academic Review 17 2 255–264.
IEEE Ş. Saraç and A. Yağlıkara, “Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries”, ear, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 255–264, 2017.
ISNAD Saraç, Şenay - Yağlıkara, Aykut. “Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries”. Ege Academic Review 17/2 (May 2017), 255-264.
JAMA Saraç Ş, Yağlıkara A. Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries. ear. 2017;17:255–264.
MLA Saraç, Şenay and Aykut Yağlıkara. “Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 17, no. 2, 2017, pp. 255-64.
Vancouver Saraç Ş, Yağlıkara A. Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Evidence from BSEC Countries. ear. 2017;17(2):255-64.