Youth not in Employment, Education, or Training (NEET) in Turkey: A Regional Analysis

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 409 - 426, 24.07.2023

Mehmet Ozan Özdemir , Kivilcim Metin Ozcan , Şenay Üçdoğruk

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1178984

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The concept of youth not in education, training, and employment (NEET) is a relatively new popular concept. Its popularity is largely due to the fact that it takes into account different vulnerabilities such as unemployment and early school leaving, which are common among young people. The aim of this study is to examine the NEET youth in Turkey. In this context, the situation of young people in NEET status is examined according to gender, age, education level, marital status, and regional differences. For this purpose, the data pooled from the Household Labor Force Survey for the years 2014-2020 was used. In the study, first, NEET interpretations were made for Turkey using descriptive statistical tools, and then a logit analysis was performed to identify the determinants of NEET in Turkey. The findings reveal that demographic characteristics such as gender, marital status, age, education level, and region of residence are among the determinants of NEET.

Keywords

NEET, Youth Unemployment, Turkey, Labor market, Logistic Regression

References

• Abayasekara, A., & Gunasekara, N. (2020). Sri Lanka's NEETs: An Analysis of Youth not in Education, Employment, or Training. Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka Working Paper Series, 30, 1-44.
• Bacher, J., Tamesberger, D., Leitgöb, H., & Lankmayer, T. (2014). Not in Education, Employment or Training: Causes, characteristics of NEET-affected youth and exit strategies in Austria, Working paper, ISW – IBE – JKU. A study for the Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection (BMASK)
• Bardak, U., Maseda, M. R., & Rosso, F. (2015). Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET): An Overview in ETF Partner Countries. European Training Foundation, 1-76.
• Caroleo, F. E., Rocca, A., Mazzocchi, P., & Quintano, C. (2020). Being NEET in europe before and after the economic crisis: An analysis of the micro and macro determinants. Social Indicators Research, 149 (3), 991-1024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02270-6.
• Choudhry, M. T., Marelli, E., & Signorelli, M. (2012). Youth unemployment rate and impact of financial crises. International Journal of Manpower, 33(1), 76-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721211212538.
• Elder, S. (2015). What Does NEETs Mean and Why is the Concept So Easily Misinterpreted, Technical Brief No 1, January 2015, International Labor Office, Geneva.
• Erdoğan, E., Yentürk, N., Akyüz, A. A., Kurtaran, Y., Yurttagüler, L., Dursun, K., & Oy, B. (2017). Being a NEET in Turkey: Determinants and consequences, Power2Youth Working Paper No 30, Retrieved from http://power2youth.iai.it/system/resources/W1siZiIsIjIwMTcvMDUvMjIvMDlfMjVfNTZfODcwX3AyeV8zMC5wZGYiXV0/p2y_30.pdf
• Eurofound (2011). Young People and NEETS in Europe: First Findings, Publication Office, Retrieved from https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2806/3177 (Accessed 25 November 2021)
• Feng, Z., Everington, D., Ralston, K., Dibben, C., Raab, G., & Graham, E. (2015). Consequences, risk factors and geography of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET), Scottish Government Publications, Edinburgh, Retrieved from http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0048/00487854.pdf (Accessed 25 November 2021)
• Genda, Y. (2007). Jobless youths and the NEET problem in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 10 (1), 23-40. DOI: 10.1093/ssjj/jym029.
• Greene, W. H. (1993). Econometric Analysis (8th ed), New York: Pearson Education.
• Gülüm, A., & Karakaş, S. (2020). Türkiye’de genç işsizliği: NEET gençliğinin analizi, Retrieved from https://www.tog.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Tu%CC%88rkiyede-Genc%CC%A7-I%CC%87s%CC%A7sizlig%CC%86i_Natioanal-Baseline-Study.pdf. ILO (2013). Decent work indicators. Guidelines for producers and users of statistical and legal framework indicators. ILO Publications, Geneva. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---integration/documents/publication/wcms_229374.pdf
• ILO (2021). Youth and COVID-19: Access to decent jobs amid the pandemic. International Labour Office, Ankara. ISBN: 9789220342206 (web PDF), Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/ankara/publications/research-papers/WCMS_771425/lang--tr/index.htm
• Jimeno, J. F., & Rodriguez-Palenzuela, D. (2002). Youth unemployment in the OECD: Demographic Shifts, Labour Market Institutions, and Macroeconomic Shocks, European Central Bank Working Paper No 155, June 2002.
• Kelly, E., & McGuinness, S. (2013), The impact of the recession on the structure and labour market success of young NEET individuals in Ireland, ESRI Working Paper No 465, 1-17.
• Kılıç, Y. (2014). Young People in Turkey who are Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET). Eğitim ve Bilim, 39 (175), 121-135. DOI: 10.15390/EB.2014.3094.
• Kovrova, I., Lyon, S., & Rosati, F. C. (2013). NEET youth dynamics in Indonesia and Brazil: a cohort analysis, Understanding Children’s Work Programme Working Paper Series, March, 1-22.
• Mascherini, M., Salvatore, L., Meierkord, A., & Jungblut, J. M. (2012). NEETs: Young people not in employment, education or training: Characteristics, costs and policy responses in Europe, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Retrieved from https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1254en.pdf.
• OECD (2016). The NEET challenge: What can be done for jobless and disengaged youth?, in Society at a Glance 2016: OECD Social Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2016/the-neet-challenge-what-can-be-done-for-jobless-and-disengaged-youth_soc_glance-2016-4-en.
• OECD (2022). Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET), Retrieved from https://data.oecd.org/youthinac/youth-not-in-employment-education-or-training-neet.htm.
• Pattinasarany, I. R. I. (2019). Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) among the youth in indonesia: the effects of social activities, access to ınformation, and language skills on NEET youth. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, 24(1), 1-25. DOI: https://doi/org/10.7454/mjs.v24i1.10308.
• Ranzani, M., & Rosati, F. C. (2013). The NEET trap: A dynamic analysis for Mexico. Understanding Children’s Work Programme Working Paper Series, pp. 1-30, March 2013. Retrieved from http://www.ucw project.org/attachment/Youth_Empl_NEET_TRAP_MEXICO20130328_160056.pdf
• Susanli, Z. B. (2016). Understanding the NEET in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(2), 42-57. DOI: 10.15604/ejef.2016.04.02.004.
• Tamesberger, D., & Bacher, J. (2014). NEET youth in Austria: a typology including socio-demography, labour market behaviour and permanence. Journal of Youth Studies, 17 (9), 1239-1259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2014.901492.
• Yüksel Arabacı, R. (2020). Türkiye'de ne eğitimde ne istihdamda olan gençlerin sosyo-demografik yapısı ve işgücü piyasası ile bağlantısı. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 53 (3), 103-130.