BibTex RIS Cite

Factors Driving the Export of Information and Communications Technology Products in Emerging Industrial Economies

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 597 - 608, 01.12.2017

Abstract

This paper provides new evidence for the determinants of the export performance in the information and communications technology (ICT) sectors using a panel dataset of 30 emerging industrial economies (EIEs) for a 15-year period spanning from 2000 to 2014. The export performance is proxied by the export share of the ICT products in total export while its potential determinants are the imports of the ICT products (learning effect), index of product concentration in export (specialization effect), inward foreign direct investment stock (exogenous technology transfer and diffusion effects), consumer price index (stability effect), real gross domestic product per capita (income effect), real effective exchange rate (terms of trade effect) and research and development expenditures (indigenous innovation effect). In the empirical part, cross-section fixed effects least square and, in order to control for endogeneity concern, system generalized method of moments techniques are carried out respectively in an unbalanced panel data framework. In general, the results are consistent with the theoretical expectations and evidence of previous studies. Imports of the ICT products, inward foreign direct investment stock and research and development expenditures are positively associated with the export performance in ICT sectors while the product concentration, price level and real effective exchange rates have negative impacts. Furthermore, even the positive impact of GDP per capita is not statistically significant, it might be seen as supporting the predictions, suggesting that knowledge and innovation intensive ICT products are made in and exported by high-income countries, thereby opposing the conventional wisdom of convergence and catch-up hypotheses. On the other hand, the overall results underscore the importance and necessity of the potential of new trade theories for explaining the ever-changing trade pattern

References

  • Amighini, Alessia and Marco Sanfilippo (2014), “Impact of South-South FDI and Trade on the Export Upgrading of African Economies”, World Development, Vol. 64, pp.1-17.
  • Balassa, Bela (1965), “Trade Liberalization and Revealed Comparative Advantage”, The Manchester School Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 99-123.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3rd Ed., Chichester, W. Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baltagi, Badi H., Georges Bresson and Alain Pirotte (2003), “Fixed Effects, Random Effects or Hausman-Taylor? A Pretest Estimator”, Economics Letters, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp.361-369.
  • Basu, Sudip Ranjan and Monica Das (2011), Export Structure and Economic Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence from Nonparametric Methodology. UNCTAD Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series, No. 48, New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. http://unctad.org/en/Docs/itcdtab49_en.pdf [17.06.2017].
  • Callen, Tim, Reda Cherif, Fuad Hasanov, Amgad Hegazy and Padamja Khandelwal (2014), “Economic Diversification in the GCC: Past, Present, and Future”, IMF Staff Discussion Notes, [17.06.2017].
  • Falk, Martin (2009), “High-Tech Exports and Economic Growth in Industrialized Countries”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 16, No.10, pp.1025-1028.
  • Girma, Sourafel, Holger Görg and Mauro Pisu (2008), “Exporting, Linkages and Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment”, Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp.320-340.
  • Gnangnon, Sèna K. and Michael Roberts (2015), “Aid for Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Export Upgrading in Recipient Countries”, WTO Staff Working Papers, ERSD2015-10, https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201510_e.pdf [22.06.2017].
  • Grossman, Gene M. and Elhanan Helpman (2001), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, 7th Ed., Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Hansen, Lars P. (1982), “Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators”, Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp.1029-1054.
  • Harding, Torfinn and Beata S. Javorcik (2012), “Foreign Direct Investment and Export Upgrading”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 94, No. 4, pp.964-980.
  • Hausmann, Ricardo, Jason Hwang and Dani Rodrik (2007), “What You Export Matters”, Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.1-25.
  • Henn, Christian, Chris Papageorgiou and Nikola Spatafora (2013), “Export Quality in Developing https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13108.pdf [22.06.2017]. IMF Working Papers, WP/13/108
  • ITC-International Trade Centre 2017. Trade Competitiveness Map. http://tradecompetitivenessmap.intracen.org/TPIC.aspx [20.06.2017].
  • Manabu, Iwamoto and Kaoru Nabeshima (2012), Can FDI Promote Export Diversification and Sophistication of Host Countries? Dynamic Panel System GMM Analysis, IDE Discussion http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/pdf/347.pdf [19.06.2017]. Papers, No. 347
  • Khandelwal, Amit (2010), “The Long and Short (of) Quality Ladders”, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 77, No.4, pp.1450-1476.
  • Krishna, Pravin and Andrei A. Levchenko (2013), “Comparative Advantage, Complexity, and Volatility”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 94, pp.314-329.
  • OECD (2000), OECD Information Technology Outlook 2000: ICTs, E-commerce and the Information Economy, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • OECD (2011), OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society 2011, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Papageorgiou, Chris and Nicola Spatafora (2012), “Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications”, IMF Stuff Discussion Notes, SDN/12/13, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2012/sdn1213.pdf [02.06.2017].
  • Pearson, Charles S. (1994), “The Asian Export Ladder”, Yang, Shu-Chin (Ed.), Manufactured Exports of East Asian Industrializing Economies: Possible Regional Cooperation, New York: M.E. Sharpe, pp.35-52.
  • Posner, Michael V. (1961), “International Trade and Technical Change”, Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 13, No.3, pp.323-341.
  • Tebaldi, Edinaldo (2011), “The Determinants of High-Technology Exports: A Panel Data Analysis”, Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp.343-353.
  • UNCTAD (2017), http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Statistics.aspx [12.05.2017].
  • UNIDO (2014), International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics 2014, 20th Ed., Cheltenham, Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Vogiatzoglou, Klimis (2009), “Determinants of Export Specialization in ICT Products: A CrossCountry Analysis”, International Network for Economic Research (INFER) Working Papers, No. 2009.3, Athens: CPER. http://www.inferresearch.net/files_publications/wp2009.3a.pdf [18.05.2017].
  • WB WDI-World Bank World Development Indicators (2017), http://databank.worldbank.org/data/ [12.05.2017].
  • WEF-World Economic Forum (2015), The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_IT_Report_2015.pdf [06.06.2017]. Growth. Geneva: WEF and INSEAD
  • Zhu, Shujin and Xiaolan Fu (2013), “Drivers of Export Upgrading”, World Development, Vol. 51, pp.221-233.

Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 597 - 608, 01.12.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 30 yükselen sanayi ekonomisinin (YSE) 2000-2014 dönemini kapsayan 15- yıllık panel veri setlerini kullanarak, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) sektörlerindeki ihracat performansının belirleyicilerine ilişkin yeni bulgular ortaya koymaktadır. İhracat performansı BİT ürünleri ihracatının toplam ihracat içindeki payı ile temsil edilirken, ihracat performansını etkilemesi beklenen faktörler ise BİT ürünleri ithalatı (öğrenme etkisi), ihracatta ürün yoğunlaşma endeksi (uzmanlaşma etkisi), yurtiçindeki doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları stoku (dışsal teknoloji transferi ve yayılma etkisi), tüketici fiyat endeksi (istikrar etkisi), kişi başına reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (gelir etkisi), reel döviz kuru (ticaret hadleri etkisi) ve araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları (içsel yenilik etkisi) olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ampirik kısmında, dengesiz panel veri yapısı altında sırasıyla yatay-kesit sabit etkiler en küçük kareler yöntemi ve içsellik durumunu kontrol etmek için, sistem genelleştirilmiş momentler metodu tahmin prosedürleri izlenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar, genel olarak, teorik beklentiler ve önceki çalışmaların sonuçları ile uyumludur: BİT ürünleri ithalatı ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye stoku ile araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları değişkenlerinin BİT sektörlerindeki ihracat performansı ile pozitif ilişkili, ancak ürün yoğunlaşmasının, fiyat düzeyinin ve reel efektif döviz kurunun negatif etkilerinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, gelir etkisinin istatistiki olarak anlamsız olması, bilgi ve yenilik yoğun BİT ürünlerinin yüksek gelirli ülkelerde üretileceği ve onlar tarafından ihraç edileceğini savunan statik karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklere dayalı yaklaşımları destekler gibi gürünse de geleneksel yakınsama ve yetişme hipotezlerine uymamaktadır. Genel bulgular, diğer taraftan, sürekli değişen ticaret yapılarını açıklamaya yönelik potansiyel yeni ticaret teorilerinin önemini ve gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Amighini, Alessia and Marco Sanfilippo (2014), “Impact of South-South FDI and Trade on the Export Upgrading of African Economies”, World Development, Vol. 64, pp.1-17.
  • Balassa, Bela (1965), “Trade Liberalization and Revealed Comparative Advantage”, The Manchester School Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 99-123.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3rd Ed., Chichester, W. Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baltagi, Badi H., Georges Bresson and Alain Pirotte (2003), “Fixed Effects, Random Effects or Hausman-Taylor? A Pretest Estimator”, Economics Letters, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp.361-369.
  • Basu, Sudip Ranjan and Monica Das (2011), Export Structure and Economic Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence from Nonparametric Methodology. UNCTAD Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series, No. 48, New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. http://unctad.org/en/Docs/itcdtab49_en.pdf [17.06.2017].
  • Callen, Tim, Reda Cherif, Fuad Hasanov, Amgad Hegazy and Padamja Khandelwal (2014), “Economic Diversification in the GCC: Past, Present, and Future”, IMF Staff Discussion Notes, [17.06.2017].
  • Falk, Martin (2009), “High-Tech Exports and Economic Growth in Industrialized Countries”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 16, No.10, pp.1025-1028.
  • Girma, Sourafel, Holger Görg and Mauro Pisu (2008), “Exporting, Linkages and Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment”, Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp.320-340.
  • Gnangnon, Sèna K. and Michael Roberts (2015), “Aid for Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Export Upgrading in Recipient Countries”, WTO Staff Working Papers, ERSD2015-10, https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201510_e.pdf [22.06.2017].
  • Grossman, Gene M. and Elhanan Helpman (2001), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, 7th Ed., Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Hansen, Lars P. (1982), “Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators”, Econometrica, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp.1029-1054.
  • Harding, Torfinn and Beata S. Javorcik (2012), “Foreign Direct Investment and Export Upgrading”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 94, No. 4, pp.964-980.
  • Hausmann, Ricardo, Jason Hwang and Dani Rodrik (2007), “What You Export Matters”, Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.1-25.
  • Henn, Christian, Chris Papageorgiou and Nikola Spatafora (2013), “Export Quality in Developing https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13108.pdf [22.06.2017]. IMF Working Papers, WP/13/108
  • ITC-International Trade Centre 2017. Trade Competitiveness Map. http://tradecompetitivenessmap.intracen.org/TPIC.aspx [20.06.2017].
  • Manabu, Iwamoto and Kaoru Nabeshima (2012), Can FDI Promote Export Diversification and Sophistication of Host Countries? Dynamic Panel System GMM Analysis, IDE Discussion http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/pdf/347.pdf [19.06.2017]. Papers, No. 347
  • Khandelwal, Amit (2010), “The Long and Short (of) Quality Ladders”, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 77, No.4, pp.1450-1476.
  • Krishna, Pravin and Andrei A. Levchenko (2013), “Comparative Advantage, Complexity, and Volatility”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 94, pp.314-329.
  • OECD (2000), OECD Information Technology Outlook 2000: ICTs, E-commerce and the Information Economy, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • OECD (2011), OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society 2011, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Papageorgiou, Chris and Nicola Spatafora (2012), “Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications”, IMF Stuff Discussion Notes, SDN/12/13, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2012/sdn1213.pdf [02.06.2017].
  • Pearson, Charles S. (1994), “The Asian Export Ladder”, Yang, Shu-Chin (Ed.), Manufactured Exports of East Asian Industrializing Economies: Possible Regional Cooperation, New York: M.E. Sharpe, pp.35-52.
  • Posner, Michael V. (1961), “International Trade and Technical Change”, Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 13, No.3, pp.323-341.
  • Tebaldi, Edinaldo (2011), “The Determinants of High-Technology Exports: A Panel Data Analysis”, Atlantic Economic Journal, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp.343-353.
  • UNCTAD (2017), http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Statistics.aspx [12.05.2017].
  • UNIDO (2014), International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics 2014, 20th Ed., Cheltenham, Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Vogiatzoglou, Klimis (2009), “Determinants of Export Specialization in ICT Products: A CrossCountry Analysis”, International Network for Economic Research (INFER) Working Papers, No. 2009.3, Athens: CPER. http://www.inferresearch.net/files_publications/wp2009.3a.pdf [18.05.2017].
  • WB WDI-World Bank World Development Indicators (2017), http://databank.worldbank.org/data/ [12.05.2017].
  • WEF-World Economic Forum (2015), The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_IT_Report_2015.pdf [06.06.2017]. Growth. Geneva: WEF and INSEAD
  • Zhu, Shujin and Xiaolan Fu (2013), “Drivers of Export Upgrading”, World Development, Vol. 51, pp.221-233.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Jeffrey B. Nugent This is me

Mehmet Demiral

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Nugent, J. B., & Demiral, M. (2017). Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(4), 597-608.
AMA Nugent JB, Demiral M. Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri. UEAD. December 2017;3(4):597-608.
Chicago Nugent, Jeffrey B., and Mehmet Demiral. “Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi Ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3, no. 4 (December 2017): 597-608.
EndNote Nugent JB, Demiral M (December 1, 2017) Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3 4 597–608.
IEEE J. B. Nugent and M. Demiral, “Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri”, UEAD, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 597–608, 2017.
ISNAD Nugent, Jeffrey B. - Demiral, Mehmet. “Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi Ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3/4 (December 2017), 597-608.
JAMA Nugent JB, Demiral M. Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri. UEAD. 2017;3:597–608.
MLA Nugent, Jeffrey B. and Mehmet Demiral. “Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi Ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 4, 2017, pp. 597-08.
Vancouver Nugent JB, Demiral M. Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Ürünleri İhracatının Belirleyici Faktörleri. UEAD. 2017;3(4):597-608.