Artificial Intelligence Use in Patients with Diabetes During Ramadan Fasting

Abstract

There is an increasing trend of observing Ramadan for people with diabetes (DM) although they are exempt from fasting. DM itself is also a growing epidemic in muslim people especially in the Middle-East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Hypoglycaemia (hypo), significant hyperglycaemia (glucose level equal or over than 300 mg/dl) are the cut off numbers to break the fast according to the international authorities. Not only these two, but dehydration, thrombosis, diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma are the fearful complications during the observance. Glycaemic control can be obtained with careful attention to the glucose readings throughout the day while taking into consideration of fasting and postprandial periods (after sahoor, and iftaar). Time in Range (TIR) as well as glucose variability are important factors, -lately emphasized for diabetes management other than Hba1c (A1c)- so as to get rid of later complications -macrovascular and microvascular ones- provoked by advanced glycation end-products (AGEP) and oxidative stress. Anxiety of everyday finger pricking for glucose measurement can be replaced with artificial intelligence (AI) used equipments for those who can afford. They are either part of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) or insulin pump delivery machines giving rise to less glucose spikes, less use of total insulin and smart warnings for hypo.

Keywords

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Diabetes (DM)
• Ramadan
• Fasting
• Hypoglycaemia (Hypo)

RAMAZAN ORUCU TUTAN DİYABETLİLERDE YAPAY ZEKA KULLANIMI

Abstract

Diyabetliler (DM), oruç tutmaktan muaf oldukları halde, Ramazan ayında yine de artan oranda bir eğilim bulunmaktadır. DM’nin kendisi müslümanlarda, özellikle de Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika (MENA) Bölgesinde olmak üzere, keza artmakta olan bir epidemi sergilemektedir. Uluslararası otoritelere göre hipoglisemi (hipo) ve ciddi hiperglisemi (kan glikozunun 300mg/dl’ye eşit veya üzerinde olması), orucu bozmak için kesin sınırlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Oruç esnasında sadece bu ikisi değil, ayrıca dehidratasyon, tromboz gelişimi, diyabetik ketoasidoz, ve hiperosmolar non-ketotik koma da korkulan komplikasyonlar arasında yer almaktadır. Oruç esnasında glisemik kontrol, özenli bir şekilde ve açlıkta ve toklukta (sahur ve iftar yemeklerinden sonra) dikkatlice okunacak olan glikoz değerleriyle elde edilebilir. Gün içinde kan glikozunun belirli değerler arasında tutulması (TIR) ve glikoz değerlerindeki değişiklikler, diyabet tedavisinde -ileri glikozilasyon son ürünleri ve oksidatif stres tarafından başlatılan ve ileride gelişebilecek olan makrovasküler ve mikrovasküler geç dönem komplikasyonlarından kurtulmak için- Hba1c (A1c)’ ye ek olarak son zamanlarda önemi vurgulanan faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Her gün parmak delme işlemi ile yapılan glikoz ölçümünün neden olabildiği anksiyete, bu gün gücü yetip de temin edebilenler için yapay zeka ile desteklenmiş cihazlarla değiştirilebilir. Bunlar, ya devamli kan glikozunu ölçen sistemlerin ya da insülini pompa yoluyla vücuda veren makinelerin bir parçası olarak, daha az glikoz yükselmelerine, toplamda daha az insülinle tedavilere ve de hipo’yu akıllıca bildiren uyarı sinyallerine sahipler.

Keywords

• Yapay zeka
• Diyabet (DM)
• Ramazan
• Oruç
• Hipoglisemi (Hipo)

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