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TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 140 - 177, 31.12.2023

Ali Baghirov

https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1341079

Abstract

Bu çalışma, OECD bünyesine dahil olan yedi Batı Avrupa ülkesi: Almanya, Avusturya, Belçika, Fransa, Hollanda, İrlanda, Birleşik Krallık’da ekonomik büyüme ve turizm gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışmada kullanılacak veriler 1988-2015 yılları arasını, 27 yıllık bir süreci kapsamaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı, ekonomik büyüme ve turizm gelişimi arasındaki uzun vadeli ilişkiyi, kişi başına düşen turizm’den gelen gerçek gelirleri, kişi başına düşen uluslararası turist sayısı, gerçek etkili döviz kuru ve kişi başına reel GSYİH ‘yı çok değişkenli bir modelde araştırmaktır. Yapılan literatür taramalarında turizm sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme arasındakı ilişkinin çalışmada kullanılan panel veri setiyle araştırılmadığı kanaatine varılmıştır. Bölgesel olarak OECD ülkeleri arasında Batı Avrupa ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların da yok denilecek kadar olması, araştırmanın motivasyonuna destek niteliğindedir. Araştırmada heterojen panel eşbütünleşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu hedef doğrultusunda panel verileri kullanılarak panel eşbütünleşmesi ve tamamen değiştirilmiş normal en küçük kareler (FMOLS) testleri yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Turizm Turizm gelişimi ekenomik büyüme panel veri analizi Batı Avrupa FMOLS.

References

  • Ay, N., Ahmet, Kartal, M. & Arslan, A. (2015). Tourism-Led Economic Growth Hypothesis: An Application on Turkey. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(38), 816-825.
  • Bahar, O. (2006). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Büyümesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: VAR Analizi Yaklaşımı. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 13(2), 137-150.
  • Bal, H., Emrah Eray Akça & Murat B.(2016). The Contribution of Tourism to Economic Growth: A Research on the Turkey. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 7(1), 1-20.
  • Balaguer, J., & Cantavella-Jorda, M. (2002). Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: the Spanish case , Applied Economics, Vol 34, 235-236.
  • Balıbey, Mesut & Serpil T. (2015). A Spectral Method Approach For the Relationship Between Tourism and Economic Growth. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(3), 85-96.
  • Baltagi, B. H., (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wiley&Sons Inc, England, 1-2.
  • Bozgeyik, Yusuf & Yunus Y. (2015). Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirleri ile GSYH Arasındaki İlişki: 2002-2014 Dönemi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(40), 627-640.
  • Breitung, J. (2000). The local power of some unit root tests for panel data, in Baltagi, B., ed, Advances in Econometrics: Non-Stationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels, JAI Press, Amsterdam, 161-178.
  • Brida, J. G., Carrera, E. J. S. Risso, W. A. (2008). Tourism’s Impact on Long-Run Mexican Economic Growth. Economics Bulletin, 3(21), 1-8.
  • Çetintaş, H., Bektaş, Ç. (2008). Türkiye’de Turizm ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Kısa ve Uzun Dönemli İlişkiler. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(1), 37-44.
  • Chancharat & Surachai (2011). Thai Tourism and Economic Development: The Current State of Research. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 340-351.
  • Chen, Ching-Fu & Song Zan Chiou-Wei (2009). Tourism Expansion, Tourism Uncertainty and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Taiwan and Korea. Tourism Management, 812-818.
  • Cortez-Jimenez, I. (2008). Tourism and economic growth at regional level: the cases of Spain and Italy, International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 10, No 2, 127-139.
  • Croes, R., & Vanegas. M. (2008). Cointegration and causality between tourism and poverty reduction, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 47, No 1, 94-103.
  • Dickey, D.A., & Fuller, W.A (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root , Econometrica, Vol 49, 1057-1072.
  • Dickey, D.A., & Fuller, W.A. (1979). Distributions of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol 74, 427-431.
  • Esen, Ethem & Erkan Ö. (2017). Turizmin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Turizme Dayalı Büyüme Hipotezinin Türkiye İçin Geçerliliğinin ARDL Modeli ile Analizi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 43-58.
  • European Parliament, Tourism and the European Union, Recent trends and policy developments, September 2015, 1-6 (European Parliamentary Research Service, Maria Juul).
  • Fisher, R. (1932), Statistical Methods for Research Workers, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
  • Green, W.H. (2003) . Econometric Analysis, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 283.
  • Gwenhure, Yvonne and Nicholas M. O. (2017). Tourism and Economic Growth: A Review of International Literatur. Tourism Review, 65(1), 33-44.
  • Hadri, K. (2000). Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data, Econometrics Journal, Vol 3, No 2, 148-161.
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran., M.H., and Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels, Journal of Econometrics, Vol 115, 53-74.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based test for cointegration in panel data , Journal of Econometrics, Vol 90, 1-44.
  • Kar, Muhsin; Ebru Z. & Metin Y. (2004). Turizmin Ekonomiye Katkısı Üzerine Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 87-112.
  • Lee, C. & Chang, C.P. (2008). Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Closer Look At Panels. Tourism Management, 29(1), 180-192.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F., and Chu, J. (2002). Unit root test in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties , Journal of Econometrics, Vol (108) , 1-24.
  • Louca, Charalambos N., Kalliopi A. & Surasinghege S. (2016). Tourism and Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Italy. Journal of Regional Socio-Economic Issues, 6(3), s. 6-25.
  • Maddala, G.S., & Wu S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test , Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol 61, 631-652.
  • Mallick, Lingaraj; Ummalla M. & Jaganath B. (2016). Does Tourism Affect Economic Growth in Indian States? Evidence from Panel ARDL Model. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 23(1), 183-194.
  • Muhtaseb, Buthaina M. A. & Hussam E. D. (2017). Tourism and Economic Growth in Jordan: Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Frameworks. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 214-223.
  • Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S., Prasad, A., & Prasad B.C. (2010). Tourism and economic growth: a panel data analysis for Pacific Island countries, Tourism Economics, Vol 16, No 1, 169-183.
  • Nasir; Muhammad Ali; Junjie W; Jose C. G. (2015). Economic Growth, Exchange Rate and Constrained Competiveness of the Tourism Sector in Andalucia. International Journal of Management and Economics, s.84-100.
  • OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2014, OECD, (2014), 130-208. Oh, C.O. (2005). The contribution of tourism development to economic growth in the Korean economy , Tourism Management, Vol 26, 39-44.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Special Issue, 653-669.
  • Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels, Advances in Econometrics, Vol 15, 93-130.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol 83, 727-731.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel cointegration: asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis , Econometric Theory, Vol 20, 597-625.
  • Samırkaş, Meryem; & Mustafa C.S. (2014). Turizm Sektörünün Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği. İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 63-76.
  • Sarantis, N. & Stewart, C. (2001). Saving behaviour in OECD countries: evidence from panel cointegration tests, Manchester School, Vol 69, 22-41.
  • Seghir, Guellil M, Belmokaddem M, Sahraoui Mohammed Abbes & Ghouali Yassine Z. (2015). Tourism Spending-Economic Growth Causality in 49 Countries: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, S.23, 1613-1623.
  • Sengönül , Karadaş & Şerife M. K. (2018). Turizme Dayalı Büyüme Hipotezinin OECD Üyesi Olan Akdeniz Ülkeleri İçin Analizi . Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, sayı 60, 1-3.
  • Sharma, N., (2018). Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence from India. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(2), 1-11.
  • Sharma, N., Raman S. (2014). Causal Links Between GDP and Tourism: A Comparative Study of India and Pakistan. Apeejay Journal of Management and Technology, 9(2), 55-63. Terzi, H., (2015). Is the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) Valid for Turkey? Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(2), 165-178.
  • Theobald, William F. (2005). Global Tourism. Third Edition, Elsevier, Burlington, 5-6.
  • Tuğcu, Can T. (2014). Tourism and Economic Growth Nexus Revisited: A Panel Causality Analysis forth a case of the Mediterranean Region. Tourism Management, 207-212. UNWTO(2017).Tourism Highlights. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029, Erişim tarihi: 15.02.2020 World Tourism Barometer, UNWTO, Volume 13, January 2015.
  • Wu & Po-Chinand T. M.H. (2018). Nonlinear and Time-Varying Causality Between Economic Growth and Tourism, International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management, 7(1), 31-40.
  • Yurtseven, Ç. (2012). International Tourism and Economic Development in Turkey: A Vector Approach. Afro Eurasian Studies, 1(2), 37-50.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TOURISM SECTOR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON 7 WEST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES INCLUDING THE OECD

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 140 - 177, 31.12.2023

Ali Baghirov

https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1341079

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between economic growth and tourism development in seven Western European countries included in OECD: Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The data to be used in the study covers a period of 27 years between 1988-2015. The aim of the research is to investigate the long-term relationship between economic growth and tourism development, real income from per capita tourism, the number of international tourists per capita, real effective exchange rate and real GDP per capita in a multivariate model. It was concluded that the relationship between the tourism sector and economic growth was not explored with the panel data set used in the study. The fact that the researches on Western Europe among OECD countries regionally are negligible also support the motivation of the research. In the research, heterogeneous panel cointegration technique was used. In line with this goal, panel cointegration and completely modified normal least squares (FMOLS) tests were performed using panel data.

Keywords

Tourism tourısm development economic growth panel data analysis Western Europe FMOLS.

References

  • Ay, N., Ahmet, Kartal, M. & Arslan, A. (2015). Tourism-Led Economic Growth Hypothesis: An Application on Turkey. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(38), 816-825.
  • Bahar, O. (2006). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Büyümesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: VAR Analizi Yaklaşımı. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 13(2), 137-150.
  • Bal, H., Emrah Eray Akça & Murat B.(2016). The Contribution of Tourism to Economic Growth: A Research on the Turkey. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 7(1), 1-20.
  • Balaguer, J., & Cantavella-Jorda, M. (2002). Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: the Spanish case , Applied Economics, Vol 34, 235-236.
  • Balıbey, Mesut & Serpil T. (2015). A Spectral Method Approach For the Relationship Between Tourism and Economic Growth. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(3), 85-96.
  • Baltagi, B. H., (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wiley&Sons Inc, England, 1-2.
  • Bozgeyik, Yusuf & Yunus Y. (2015). Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirleri ile GSYH Arasındaki İlişki: 2002-2014 Dönemi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(40), 627-640.
  • Breitung, J. (2000). The local power of some unit root tests for panel data, in Baltagi, B., ed, Advances in Econometrics: Non-Stationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels, JAI Press, Amsterdam, 161-178.
  • Brida, J. G., Carrera, E. J. S. Risso, W. A. (2008). Tourism’s Impact on Long-Run Mexican Economic Growth. Economics Bulletin, 3(21), 1-8.
  • Çetintaş, H., Bektaş, Ç. (2008). Türkiye’de Turizm ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Kısa ve Uzun Dönemli İlişkiler. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(1), 37-44.
  • Chancharat & Surachai (2011). Thai Tourism and Economic Development: The Current State of Research. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 340-351.
  • Chen, Ching-Fu & Song Zan Chiou-Wei (2009). Tourism Expansion, Tourism Uncertainty and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Taiwan and Korea. Tourism Management, 812-818.
  • Cortez-Jimenez, I. (2008). Tourism and economic growth at regional level: the cases of Spain and Italy, International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 10, No 2, 127-139.
  • Croes, R., & Vanegas. M. (2008). Cointegration and causality between tourism and poverty reduction, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 47, No 1, 94-103.
  • Dickey, D.A., & Fuller, W.A (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root , Econometrica, Vol 49, 1057-1072.
  • Dickey, D.A., & Fuller, W.A. (1979). Distributions of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol 74, 427-431.
  • Esen, Ethem & Erkan Ö. (2017). Turizmin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Turizme Dayalı Büyüme Hipotezinin Türkiye İçin Geçerliliğinin ARDL Modeli ile Analizi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 43-58.
  • European Parliament, Tourism and the European Union, Recent trends and policy developments, September 2015, 1-6 (European Parliamentary Research Service, Maria Juul).
  • Fisher, R. (1932), Statistical Methods for Research Workers, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
  • Green, W.H. (2003) . Econometric Analysis, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 283.
  • Gwenhure, Yvonne and Nicholas M. O. (2017). Tourism and Economic Growth: A Review of International Literatur. Tourism Review, 65(1), 33-44.
  • Hadri, K. (2000). Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data, Econometrics Journal, Vol 3, No 2, 148-161.
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran., M.H., and Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels, Journal of Econometrics, Vol 115, 53-74.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based test for cointegration in panel data , Journal of Econometrics, Vol 90, 1-44.
  • Kar, Muhsin; Ebru Z. & Metin Y. (2004). Turizmin Ekonomiye Katkısı Üzerine Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 87-112.
  • Lee, C. & Chang, C.P. (2008). Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Closer Look At Panels. Tourism Management, 29(1), 180-192.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F., and Chu, J. (2002). Unit root test in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties , Journal of Econometrics, Vol (108) , 1-24.
  • Louca, Charalambos N., Kalliopi A. & Surasinghege S. (2016). Tourism and Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Italy. Journal of Regional Socio-Economic Issues, 6(3), s. 6-25.
  • Maddala, G.S., & Wu S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test , Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol 61, 631-652.
  • Mallick, Lingaraj; Ummalla M. & Jaganath B. (2016). Does Tourism Affect Economic Growth in Indian States? Evidence from Panel ARDL Model. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 23(1), 183-194.
  • Muhtaseb, Buthaina M. A. & Hussam E. D. (2017). Tourism and Economic Growth in Jordan: Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Frameworks. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 214-223.
  • Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S., Prasad, A., & Prasad B.C. (2010). Tourism and economic growth: a panel data analysis for Pacific Island countries, Tourism Economics, Vol 16, No 1, 169-183.
  • Nasir; Muhammad Ali; Junjie W; Jose C. G. (2015). Economic Growth, Exchange Rate and Constrained Competiveness of the Tourism Sector in Andalucia. International Journal of Management and Economics, s.84-100.
  • OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2014, OECD, (2014), 130-208. Oh, C.O. (2005). The contribution of tourism development to economic growth in the Korean economy , Tourism Management, Vol 26, 39-44.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Special Issue, 653-669.
  • Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels, Advances in Econometrics, Vol 15, 93-130.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol 83, 727-731.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel cointegration: asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis , Econometric Theory, Vol 20, 597-625.
  • Samırkaş, Meryem; & Mustafa C.S. (2014). Turizm Sektörünün Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği. İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 63-76.
  • Sarantis, N. & Stewart, C. (2001). Saving behaviour in OECD countries: evidence from panel cointegration tests, Manchester School, Vol 69, 22-41.
  • Seghir, Guellil M, Belmokaddem M, Sahraoui Mohammed Abbes & Ghouali Yassine Z. (2015). Tourism Spending-Economic Growth Causality in 49 Countries: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, S.23, 1613-1623.
  • Sengönül , Karadaş & Şerife M. K. (2018). Turizme Dayalı Büyüme Hipotezinin OECD Üyesi Olan Akdeniz Ülkeleri İçin Analizi . Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, sayı 60, 1-3.
  • Sharma, N., (2018). Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence from India. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(2), 1-11.
  • Sharma, N., Raman S. (2014). Causal Links Between GDP and Tourism: A Comparative Study of India and Pakistan. Apeejay Journal of Management and Technology, 9(2), 55-63. Terzi, H., (2015). Is the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) Valid for Turkey? Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(2), 165-178.
  • Theobald, William F. (2005). Global Tourism. Third Edition, Elsevier, Burlington, 5-6.
  • Tuğcu, Can T. (2014). Tourism and Economic Growth Nexus Revisited: A Panel Causality Analysis forth a case of the Mediterranean Region. Tourism Management, 207-212. UNWTO(2017).Tourism Highlights. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029, Erişim tarihi: 15.02.2020 World Tourism Barometer, UNWTO, Volume 13, January 2015.
  • Wu & Po-Chinand T. M.H. (2018). Nonlinear and Time-Varying Causality Between Economic Growth and Tourism, International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management, 7(1), 31-40.
  • Yurtseven, Ç. (2012). International Tourism and Economic Development in Turkey: A Vector Approach. Afro Eurasian Studies, 1(2), 37-50.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Panel Data Analysis
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Baghirov 0009-0008-4745-2422

Early Pub Date October 10, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Baghirov, A. (2023). TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 140-177. https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1341079
AMA Baghirov A. TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi. December 2023;15(2):140-177. doi:10.55827/ebd.1341079
Chicago Baghirov, Ali. “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi 15, no. 2 (December 2023): 140-77. https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1341079.
EndNote Baghirov A (December 1, 2023) TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi 15 2 140–177.
IEEE A. Baghirov, “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 140–177, 2023, doi: 10.55827/ebd.1341079.
ISNAD Baghirov, Ali. “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi 15/2 (December 2023), 140-177. https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1341079.
JAMA Baghirov A. TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;15:140–177.
MLA Baghirov, Ali. “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, 2023, pp. 140-77, doi:10.55827/ebd.1341079.
Vancouver Baghirov A. TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ : OECD’ye DAHİL 7 BATI AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNDEN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;15(2):140-77.
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