ISRAEL'S STEERING ROLE IN THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST INITIATIVE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CRISIS

Öz

This study analyzes how Israel's regional influence strategy in the Middle East, conducted under the security discourse, has affected Western actors' engagement levels in Ukraine through covert cooperation with Russia and shaped Russia's 'postponed fragmentation' process. Synthesizing Waltz's structural realism with Mearsheimer's offensive realism theory, the study develops a new conceptual framework called "Strategic Postponement Theory." Using qualitative research methods, 47 diplomatic correspondences, 312 academic articles, and 900 media contents from 2015-2025 were examined through process tracing, document analysis, and comparative historical analysis techniques. Findings reveal that Israel, through its "multipolar synchronization" strategy and "issue-based alliances" model, coordinated with Russia in Syria, allowing Moscow to gain maneuvering space in Ukraine in return. The "strategic silence" in Netanyahu-Putin meetings and AIPAC-backed congress members' restrictive approach to Ukraine aid packages are concrete indicators of covert cooperation. The compromise materialized in the August 15, 2025 Alaska meeting confirmed the hypothesis by 93%. The study reveals the system-manipulator capacity of middle powers, proves that the real nature of the GMP is the Greater Israel Project, and explains the mechanisms of Russia's postponed systemic fragmentation. Results demonstrate that 21st-century geopolitics requires new analytical tools beyond classical paradigms, with the international system providing ground for hybrid alliance structures and sophisticated manipulation strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Greater Middle East Project
• Greater Israel Project
• Strategic Postponement Theory
• Israel-Russia Relations
• Ukranie Crisis
• System Manipulation

BOP’TA İSRAİL’İN YÖNLENDİRİCİ ROLÜ VE RUSYA-UKRAYNA KRİZİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, İsrail'in Ortadoğu'da güvenlik söylemi altında yürüttüğü bölgesel nüfuz stratejisinin, Rusya ile geliştirdiği örtük işbirliği üzerinden Batılı aktörlerin Ukrayna'daki angajman (bağlantı) düzeylerini nasıl etkilediğini ve Rusya'nın 'ertelenen parçalanma' sürecini hangi biçimlerde şekillendirdiğini analiz etmektedir. Waltz'un yapısal realizmi ile Mearsheimer'ın saldırgan realizm teorisini sentezleyen çalışma, "Stratejik Erteleme Teorisi" adlı yeni bir kavramsal çerçeve geliştirmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak, 2015-2025 döneminde 47 diplomatik yazışma, 312 akademik makale ve 900 medya içeriği süreç takibi, belge analizi ve karşılaştırmalı tarihsel analiz teknikleriyle incelenmiştir. Bulgular, İsrail'in "çok kutuplu senkronizasyon" stratejisi ve "dosya bazlı ittifaklar" modeli aracılığıyla Suriye'de Rusya ile koordinasyon sağladığını, bunun karşılığında Moskova'nın Ukrayna'da manevra alanı elde ettiğini göstermektedir. Netanyahu-Putin görüşmelerindeki "stratejik sessizlik" ve AIPAC destekli kongre üyelerinin Ukrayna yardım paketlerine kısıtlayıcı yaklaşımı, örtük işbirliğinin somut göstergeleridir. 15 Ağustos 2025 Alaska görüşmesinde somutlaşan uzlaşma, hipotezi %93 oranında doğrulamıştır. Çalışma, orta büyüklükteki güçlerin sistem-manipülatör kapasitelerini ortaya koyarak, BOP'un gerçek mahiyetinin Büyük İsrail Projesi olduğunu göstermiş ve Rusya'nın sistemik parçalanmasının ertelenme mekanizmalarını açıklamıştır. Sonuçlar, 21. yüzyıl jeopolitiğinin klasik paradigmaların ötesinde yeni analitik araçlar gerektirdiğini, uluslararası sistemin hibrit ittifak yapılarına ve sofistike manipülasyon stratejilerine zemin hazırladığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Büyük Ortadoğu Projesi
• Büyük İsrail Projesi
• Ukrayna Krizi
• Stratejik Erteleme Teorisi
• İsrail-Rusya İlişkileri
• Sistem Manipülasyonu

Kaynakça

1. Ainley, K., & Kersten, M. (Eds.). (2025). Hybrid justice: Innovation and impact in the prosecution of atrocity crimes. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893758.001.0001
2. Aliyev, N. (2025). Reassessing Russia’s Security Policy. Routledge.
3. Allison, R. (2013). Russia, the West, and military intervention. Oxford University Press.
4. Applebaum, A. (2020). Twilight of democracy: The seductive lure of authoritarianism. Doubleday.
5. Armellini, A. (2025, July 11). ‘Everybody is tired’ of war in Ukraine, UN migration chief says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/everybody-is-tired-war-ukraine-un-migration-chief-says-2025-07-11
6. Associated Press. (2025, August 18). Putin agrees that US, Europe could offer NATO-style security guarantees to Ukraine, Trump envoy says. AP News.
7. Baqaee, D., & Malmberg, H. (2025, May). Long-run consequences of sanctions on russia. In AEA Papers and Proceedings (Vol. 115, pp. 583-587). 2014 Broadway, Suite 305, Nashville, TN 37203: American Economic Association, 1-9.
8. Balci, B., & Monceau, N. (Eds.). (2021). Turkey, Russia and Iran in the Middle East: Establishing a New Regional Order. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80291-2.

9. Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır?. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 368-388.
10. Barnett, M., Brown, N. J., Lynch, M., & Telhami, S. (Eds.). (2023). The one state reality: What is Israel/Palestine? Cornell University Press.
11. Beach, D., & Pedersen, R. B. (2019). Process-tracing methods: Foundations and guidelines (2nd ed.). University of Michigan Press.
12. Belton, C. (2025, June 16). Russia fears Israel’s conflict with Iran could cost it another Mideast ally. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/06/16/russia-iran-israel-attack-unease/
13. Bennett, A., & Checkel, J. T. (Eds.). (2015). Process tracing: From metaphor to analytic tool. Cambridge University Press.
14. Borshchevskaya, A. (2021). Putin’s war in Syria: Russian foreign policy and the price of America’s absence. I.B. Tauris
15. Brzezinski, Z. (1997). The grand chessboard: American primacy and its geostrategic imperatives. Basic Books.
16. Casier, T. (2025). The war against Ukraine and the transformation of the political regime in Russia. Contemporary Politics, 1-19.
17. Chomsky, N., & Robinson, N. J. (2024). The myth of American idealism: How U.S. foreign policy endangers the world. Penguin Press.
18. Coicaud, J.-M. (2025). The Law and Politics of International Legitimacy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139026420
19. Collier, D. (2011). Understanding process tracing. PS: Political Science & Politics, 44(4), 823-830.
20. Crawshaw, S. (2025). Prosecuting the Powerful: War Crimes and the Battle for Justice. Bridge Street Press.
21. Dağ, R. (2025). Uluslararası sistem değişikliği ve İsrail-Gazze savaşı. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 17(1), 81-83.
22. Demokratik Modernite. (2025, 12 Ağustos). Koalisyon savaşları Eylül 2025: Netanyahu’nun ilan ettiği Büyük İsrail projesinin çöküşü. Demokratik Modernite. https://demokratikmodernite.org/koalisyon-savaslari-eylul-2025/
23. Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
24. Dilan, R. (2024, 29 Haziran). Suriye ile normalleşme ve BİP. Bursa Arena. https://www.bursaarena.com.tr/analiz/remzi-dilan-yazdi-suriye-ile-normallesme-ve-bip-h55759.html
25. Divsallar, A. (Ed.). (2024). Struggle for Alliance: Russia and Iran in the Era of War in Ukraine. I.B. Tauris/Bloomsbury
26. Dunn, D., & Webber, M. (2025). Looking ahead: imbalance, dependency and NATO’s uncertain future. Defence Studies, 749-757.
27. Eiran, E., Guterman, O., & Siman-Tov, D. (2025). The vanishing watchman: the rise and decline of early warning. Intelligence and National Security, 1-23.
28. El-Shinawy, M. (2024, October 15). Netanyahu revives the Greater Israel plan. Daily News Egypt. https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2024/10/15/netanyahu-revives-the-greater-israel-plan/
29. Flick, U. (2018). Triangulation in data collection. In U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative data collection (ss. 527–544). SAGE Publications.
30. Fukuyama, F. (2018). Identity: The demand for dignity and the politics of resentment. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
31. Geist Pinfold, R. (2025, May 9). Why is Israel escalating its strikes against Syria? Royal United Services Institute (RUSI).
32. Gelvin, J. L. (2025). The modern Middle East: A history (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.
33. Gil-Besada, L. (2025). A literature-based framework for analysing parliamentary diplomacy in conflict settings: European responses to the Russia–Ukraine war. The Journal of Legislative Studies, 1-45.
34. Grgić, G., & Möckli, D. (Eds.). (2025). Strategic Trends 2025. ETH Zurich, Center for Security Studies.
35. Grover, S. (Ed.). (2025). The responsibility to protect (2nd ed.): Perspectives on the concept’s meaning, proper application and value. Routledge.
36. Gustafson, T. (2025). Perfect storm: Russia’s failed economic opening, the hurricane of war and sanctions, and the uncertain future. Oxford University Press.
37. Gül, D., & Akyol Çalışkan, E. (2025). Eleştirel realist araştırma basamakları çerçevesinde araştırma tasarımı. International Journal of Social Sciences (Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi), ss. 452–488. https://www.sobider.net
38. Hamzaoğlu, H. (2020). Tarihsel, Kültürel ve Sosyal Bağların Güncel Rusya–İsrail İlişkilerinin Gelişimine Etkisi. Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 6(1), 17-28.
39. Hedlund, S. (2025). Russia Reverts to Muscovy: What if We Simply Drop “Russia” from the Discourse? Routledge.
40. Heisbourg, F. (2025). War or Peace in Ukraine: US Moves and European Choices. In Survival: February–March 2025 (pp. 7-21). Routledge.
41. Hinz, F. (2025). Iran’s Shattered Missile Strategy. Survival, 67(4), 33-42.
42. International Institute for Strategic Studies. (2025). The Military Balance 2025. Routledge.
43. International Institute for Strategic Studies. (2025). The Military Balance 2025: The annual assessment of global military capabilities and defence economics. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003630760
44. İlerisoy, M. (2023). Yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(46), 509-527.
45. Jakupec, V. (2025). The West’s response to the Ukraine war: Military struggles, NATO challenges, and the reimagining of global politics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83428-8
46. Jorge Trujillo, R. (2025). Russia's foreign and security policy in Syria: historical relations, Cold War paradigms, and contemporary geopolitics. Frontiers in Political Science, 7, 1489285, 1-11.
47. Kara-Murza, V. (2025, May 27). A court case reveals Putin’s profound fear. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/05/27/grigory-melkonyants-putin-election-paranoia/
48. Kashani, M. S. (2023). Structural realist analysis of NATO–Russia geopolitical competition in Eastern Europe and the origins of the Ukraine War. Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics, 2(3), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.2.3.12
49. Kertcher, C., & Course, D. (2024). The Practice of Friendship Balancing: Russia‐Israel Relations, 2015 to 2021. Middle East Policy, 31(2), 67-82.
50. Kıral, B. (2020). Nitel bir veri analizi yöntemi olarak doküman analizi. Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 170-189.
51. Kirkham, K. (Ed.). (2025). The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Sanctions. Routledge. Kissinger, H. (1994). Diplomacy. Simon & Schuster.
52. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
53. Laryš, M. (2025). Pro-war hardline influencers in Putin’s regime in the context of Russia’s re-invasion of Ukraine. Post-Soviet Affairs, 289-310.
54. Lenton, A. (2025). Decolonizing Russia? (Elements in Soviet and Post-Soviet History). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009664738
55. Li, J., Dai, Y., Woldearegay, T., & Deb, S. (2025). Cognitive warfare and the logic of power: reinterpreting offensive realism in Russia’s strategic information operations. Defence Studies, 1-22.
56. Lucas, E. (2014). The new Cold War: Putin's Russia and the threat to the West. Palgrave Macmillan.
57. Lustick, I. S. (2019). Paradigm lost: From two-state solution to one-state reality. University of Pennsylvania Press.
58. Lustick, I. S., & Samuel, M. T. (2024). Israel, Annexation, and Sovereignty: Within the Green Line and Across It. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 56(3), 361-378.
59. Mahoney, J., & Rueschemeyer, D. (Eds.). (2003). Comparative historical analysis in the social sciences. Cambridge University Press.
60. Marrow, A. (2025, July 22). Russia passes law punishing searches for ‘extremist’ content. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-passes-law-punishing-searches-extremist-content-2025-07-22/
61. Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
62. Mearsheimer, J. J., & Walt, S. M. (2008). The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
63. Metin, O., & Ünal, Ş. (2022). İçerik analizi tekniği: İletişim bilimlerinde ve sosyolojide doktora tezlerinde kullanımı. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 2), 273-294.
64. Mihaylov, D. (2025). Syria: A Sudden Change, a Complicated Present, a Nebulous Future. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 1-9.
65. Muminov, N. (2013). Vladimir Jabotinsky’nin Büyük İsrail düşüncesi ve İsrail dış politikası [Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Tez Merkezi.
66. Müller, P., & Slominski, P. (2025). The soft hostage-taking of EU foreign policy: Hungary’s rule of law conflict with the EU and Russia’s war against Ukraine. Journal of European Public Policy, 1-27.
67. Nakhoul, S., Spetalnick, M., & Lubell, M. (2025, June 19). Israel’s airstrikes aim to break foundations of Khamenei’s rule in Iran. Reuters.
68. Nasr, V. (2025). Iran’s grand strategy: A political history. Princeton University Press.
69. Parçal, S. (2018). 11 Eylül sonrası dönemde Avrupa Birliği ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin uluslararası terörizm ile mücadele politikalarının karşılaştırılması [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi), İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
70. Park, M. (2025). ICC Arrest Warrants for Heads of State and Others: Implications for the Republic of Korea. The Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law, 13(1), 115-130.
71. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
72. Peez, A., & Bethke, F. S. (2025). Does public opinion on foreign policy affect elite preferences? Evidence from the 2022 US Sanctions against Russia. International Studies Quarterly, 69(1), sqae145.
73. Peters, J., & Geist Pinfold, R. (Eds.). (2024). Routledge handbook on Israel’s foreign relations. Routledge.
74. Pinfold, R. G., Jones, C., & Ehteshami, A. (2025). Collision Course: How Iran and Israel Brought the Middle East to the Brink of War. Global Policy, 16(2), 289-298.
75. Piper, E., & Hnidiy, V. (2025, July 2). As US and European aid cuts deepen, Ukraine’s humanitarian lifelines fray. Reuters.
76. Preter, V., & Lerner, J. (2024). Class rivalry in ethno-national migration: Soviet intelligentsia vs. the Russian middle class in Israel. Social Identities, 30(3), 156-175.
77. Prof. Dr. Cihat Yaycı: BOP projesi aslında Büyük İsrail Projesidir! (2025, Şubat 18). Bölge Gazetesi. https://bolgegazetesi.com.tr/prof-dr-cihat-yayci-bop-projesi-aslinda-buyuk-israil-projesidir/
78. Rakov, D. (2024). Israel and Russia. In J. Peters & R. Geist Pinfold (Eds.), Routledge Handbook on Israel’s Foreign Relations. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003048398-18
79. Reuters. (2025, June 19). Putin and Xi condemn Israel over its Iran strikes in phone call, Kremlin says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/russias-putin-chinas-xi-condemn-israel-over-its-iran-strikes-phone-call-kremlin-2025-06-19/
80. Reuters. (2025, July 4). Hezbollah weighs scaling back its arsenal in wake of Israel war. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hezbollah-weighs-scaling-back-its-arsenal-in-wake-of-israel-war-2025-07-04
81. Reuters. (2025, August 19). Rutte says Article 5-type deal considered for Ukraine; NATO membership not discussed.
82. Ribeiro, R. C. de, & Zelizer, B. (Eds.). (2025). Media and propaganda in an age of disinformation. Routledge.
83. Robertson, N. (2025, July 31). After Trump’s Ukraine pivot, Senate panel moves to fund more military aid. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/07/31/trump-ukraine-aid-congress/
84. Romanyshyn, I., & Bergmann, J. (2025). Preference convergence, functional pressure and supranational entrepreneurship: explaining the launch and design of the EU’s military assistance mission to Ukraine. European Security, 1-21.
85. Ross, D. (2025). Statecraft 2.0: What America Needs to Lead in a Multipolar World. Oxford University Press.
86. Sabbagh-Khoury, A. (2023). Colonizing Palestine: The Zionist left and the making of the Palestinian Nakba. Stanford University Press.
87. Salt, J. (2025, March 6). Greater Israel and the destruction of Palestine: Can the US and Israel be stopped? The Palestine Chronicle. https://www.palestinechronicle.com/greater-israel-and-the-destruction-of-palestine-can-the-us-and-israel-be-stopped/
88. Sander, O. (2014). Siyasi tarih: İlkçağlardan 1918'e (28. baskı). İmge Kitabevi.
89. Sarotte, M. E. (2021). Not one inch: America, Russia, and the making of post-Cold War stalemate. Yale University Press.
90. Sayar, H. (2024). Yinon Planı'ndan günümüze Ortadoğu. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi Dergisi, 7(3), 534-547.
91. Sayın, Y. (2006). Büyük Ortadoğu Projesi ve gizli örgütler. Odak Yayınevi.
92. Scheer, S. (2025, July 16). National advertising blitz urges Israelis not to spy for Iran. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/national-advertising-blitz-urges-israelis-not-spy-iran-2025-07-16
93. Scheckenhofer, L., Teti, F. A., & Wanner, J. (2025, May). Dodging Trade Sanctions? Evidence from Military Goods. In AEA Papers and Proceedings (Vol. 115, pp. 573-577). 2014 Broadway, Suite 305, Nashville, TN 37203: American Economic Association.
94. Shereshevsky, Y. (2025). Complementarity (Un) Fairness: Powerful States and their Ability to Avoid ICC Proceedings by Conducting Domestic Investigations. Journal of International Criminal Justice, mqaf013, 1-22.
95. Shichor, Y. (2025). Out of Proportion: Israel's Paradox In China's Middle Eastern Policy. Middle East Policy, 32(1), 54-73.
96. Shkel, S. (2025). Elections, the Ethnic Factor and Patronal Politics in the Russian Regions: Anatomy of Loyalty. Routledge.
97. Snyder, T. (2018). The road to unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America. Tim Duggan Books.
98. Söyler, M. (2021). Süreç Takibi Yöntemi: Nedensellik, Zamansallık, Kuram Geliştirme ve Kuram Testi. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 26(101), 67-94.
99. Spiro, D., Wachtmeister, H., & Gars, J. (2025). Assessing the impacts of oil sanctions on Russia. Energy Policy, 206, 114739, 1-10.
100. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. (2025). SIPRI Yearbook 2025: Armaments, disarmament and international security. Oxford University Press.
101. Struk, N., Prokop, M., & Werbowa, O. (2025). The economics of Russia’s war in Ukraine: Impact analysis of economic policy and finance. Routledge.
102. Stuvøy, K. (2025). Everyday authoritarianism in Russia: new and old stigmatisation and insecurities in monotowns. Contemporary Politics, 1-22.
103. Suh, K., Griffiths, R. D., & Gunitsky, S. (2025). Hegemonic shocks and patterns of secession. International Interactions, 568-597.
104. Şimşek, H. F. (2025). Iran’s proxy war paradox: strategic gains, control issues, and operational constraints. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 997-1024.
105. Tainter, J. A. (1988). The collapse of complex societies. Cambridge University Press.
106. Tan, T., & German, M. (2021). Russian-Iranian strategic partnership in Syria: Converging interests but diverging goals. Open Journal of Political Science, 12(1), 1-13.
107. The Washington Post. (2025, April 12). Syria seeks to sever last Iran-linked networks for smuggling arms and cash. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/04/12/syria-iran-smuggling-networks
108. The Washington Post. (16 Haziran 2025). Russia fears Israel’s conflict with Iran could cost it another Mideast ally. https://www.washingtonpost.com/
109. Todd, E. (2003). After the empire: The breakdown of the American order. Columbia University Press.
110. Ulaş, M. (2025). Filistin-İsrail ve Ukrayna-Rusya Savaş Haberlerinin İdeoloji Perspektifinde Tematik Analizi. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (69), 112-135.
111. Van Evera, S. (1997). Guide to methods for students of political science. Cornell University Press.
112. Verdier, P. H. (2025). International finance and the return of geopolitics. American Journal of International Law, 119(2), 229-278.
113. Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics. McGraw-Hill.
114. Weinberg, DM (2025). İsrail Devleti'nin Antisemitizme Karşı Mücadeledeki Değişen Rolü: Diplomatik Bir Tarih ve Kişisel Anı. İsrail Dış İlişkiler Dergisi , 1-23.
115. Yacoubian, M., & Todman, W. (2025, July 17). Violence escalates as Israel intervenes in southern Syria. Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS).
116. Yetim, M., & Erdağ, R. (2018). Uluslararası ilişkilerde eleştirel söylem analizi: Revizyonist söylemin gelişimi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 79-100.
117. Yıldız, M. (2025). İsrail dış politikasının temel dinamikleri. Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Merkezi Dergisi, 12(1), 41-44.
118. Yinon, O. (1982). A strategy for Israel in the nineteen eighties. The Zionist Plan for the Middle East. Translated and Edited by Israel Shahak. Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc., Belmont, Massachusetts, Special Document, 1-16.
119. Zakharchenko, A. (2025). Advantages of the connective strategic narrative during the Russian–Ukrainian war. Frontiers in Political Science, 7, 1434240, 1-13.
120. Zengerle, P. (2025, April 3). U.S. Senate rejects effort to block arms sales to Israel. Reuters.
121. Zisserman-Brodsky, D. (2022). Israel–Russia Bilateral Relations: Market Rationality and Political Affinity. In Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Israel (pp. 210-224). Routledge.