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COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 59 - 70, 31.12.2020

Çağdaş Duman

https://doi.org/10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782

Abstract

Tüm dünyayı derinden etkileyen Covid-19 pandemi süreci gelinen noktada bir sağlık problemi olmanın ötesinde sonuçlar doğurdu. Sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik pek çok alanı etkileyen bu sürecin paralelinde ulus devletlerin uluslararası sistemdeki rolü ve küreselleşme tartışmalarının daha görünür hale geldi. Bu tartışmaların sonucunda vekâlet savaşlarının metodolojisi ve buna bağlı olarak şiddet içeren devlet dışı aktörlerin durumu gerek dünya gerekse Ortadoğu siyasetini algılamamız için oldukça önemlidir. Pandemi sonrası süreçte vekâlet savaşlarında olması beklenen gelişmeler ve bu gelişmelerin şiddet içeren devlet dışı aktörlere etkisi çalışmanın ana konusudur. Çalışmada Ortadoğu’daki şiddet içeren devlet dışı aktörlerin geleceği ile ilgili bir perspektif çizilerek bölge siyasetini önümüzdeki süreçte bekleyen gelişmelere ışık tutulması amaçlandı. Güncel gelişmelerin ve kavramsal literatürün harmanlanması sonucu oluşturulan çalışmanın sonucunda Ortadoğu’da faaliyet gösteren şiddet içeren devlet dışı aktörlerin önümüzdeki süreçte teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak varlıklarını devam ettirmede ciddi sorunlar yaşayacakları sonucuna varıldı. Aynı zamanda siyasi bir motivasyonu olan bu aktörlerin silahsızlanma sürecinde karşılaşabilecekleri zorluklar değerlendirildi. Bu çerçevede bölgedeki şiddet içeren devlet dışı aktörlerin en köklüsü olan Hizbullah ele alındı

Keywords

Covid-19 Şiddet İçeren Devlet Dışı Aktörler Vekalet Savaşları İran Hizbullah

References

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Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 59 - 70, 31.12.2020

Çağdaş Duman

https://doi.org/10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782

Abstract

References

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  • Referans 2: Babacan, M. (2020). “Libya’daki Vekâlet Savaşlarının Saha Dengeleri Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Siyasî İstikrar Sorunu.” Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 4(1): 51–74.
  • Referans 3: Bar, S. (2006). Lebanese Hizballah – Political, Ideological and Organizational Highlights. National Defense University Press.
  • Referans 4: “Beirut Explosion: What We Know so Far.” (2020). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53668493 (Accessed: October 3, 2020).
  • Referans 5: Berman E., Lake D. E., (2019). Proxy Wars: Suppressing Violence through Local Agents. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Referans 6: Border J., Chulov M. (2020). “US Kills Iran General Qassem Suleimani in Strike Ordered by Trump.” The Guardian.
  • Referans 7: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/03/baghdad-airport-iraq-attack-deaths-iran-us-tensions (Accessed: October 3, 2020).
  • Referans 8: Bruderlein, C. (2000). “The Role of Non-State Actors in Building Human Security.” Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue Genova.
  • Referans 9: Chaudhry, R. (2013). “Violent Non-State Actors: Contours, Challenges and Consequences.” CLAWS Journal.
  • Referans 10: Chehabi, H. (2006). Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years. I.B.Tauris.
  • Referans 11: Chulov, M. (2020). “Hezbollah Makes Strong Showing in Lebanon Elections.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/07/hezbollah-makes-strong-showing-lebanon-elections (Accessed: October 4, 2020).
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  • Referans 14: Deutsch, K. (1980). “External Involvement in Internal Wars.” Herry Eckstein (Ed.), In Internal War: Problems and Approaches, Praeger.
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  • Referans 16: Duz, Z. N., (2020). “High-Ranking Iranian Official Catches Coronavirus.” Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/health/high-ranking-iranian-official-catches-coronavirus/1746752 (Accessed: October 1, 2020).
  • Referans 17: Eker, S. (2015). “Savaş Olgusunun Dönüşümü: Yeni Savaşlar ve Suriye Krizi Örneği.” Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 2(1): 31–66. En-Neşmi, F. (2020). “Irak Milliyetçisi Şii Milisler İrancı Milislerden Ayrışıyor.” Şarkul Avsat. turkish.aawsat.com//home/article/2255541/irak-milliyetçisi-şii-milisler-irancı-milislerden-ayrışıyor (Erişim: Ağustos 23, 2020).
  • Referans 18: Ghaddar, H. (2020). “Hezbollah Takes Aim at Lebanon’s Central Bank and Telecom Sector.” The Washington Institute. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/hezbollah-takes-aim-at-lebanons-central-bank-and-telecom-sector (Accessed: August 23, 2020).
  • Referans 19: Gili C., Amos H. (2016). “Hezbollah: Not a Terror Group but a Midsized Army.” Haaretz. https://www.haaretz.com/st/c/prod/eng/2016/07/lebanon2/ (Accessed: October 1, 2020).
  • Referans 20: Güler, B. (2020). “Kovid-19’a Yakalanan İran Meclis Başkanı Ali Laricani Sağlığına Kavuştu.” Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kovid-19a-yakalanan-iran-meclis-baskani-ali-laricani-sagligina-kavustu/1819621 (Erişim: Ekim 1, 2020).
  • Referans 21: Hacohen, G. (2020). “Qassem Soleimani’s Unique Strategic Significance.” The Kootneeti. https://thekootneeti.in/2020/01/08/qassem-soleimani-unique-strategic-sig/ (Accessed: September 29, 2020).
  • Referans 22: “Hezbollah–Capabilities and Role In The Middle East.” (2017) South Front Analysis and Intelligence. https://southfront.org/hezbollah-capabilities-and-role-in-the-middle-east/ (Accessed: February 2, 2020).
  • Referans 23: “Hezbollah Deploys Medics, Hospitals Against Coronavirus in Lebanon.” (2020). The Jarusalem Post. https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Hezbollah-deploys-medics-hospitals-against-coronavirus-in-Lebanon-622373 (Accessed: August 23, 2020).
  • Referans 24: “How Iran Fights the Coronavirus and the U.S.: Sanctioned, Alone, but Still More Efficient.” (2020). Tehran Times. https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447126/How-Iran-fights-the-coronavirus-and-the-U-S-Sanctioned-alone (Accessed: October 1, 2020).
  • Referans 25: “İran’da COVID-19 Vakalarındaki Artış Nedeniyle Hastanelerde Yer Kalmadı.” (2020). TRT Haber. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/iranda-covid-19-vakalarindaki-artis-nedeniyle-hastanelerde-yer-kalmadi-519775.html (Erişim: Ekim 1, 2020).
  • Referans 26: “İran Istihbaratının Eski Üyesi Olduğu Iddia Edilen Mesut Mevlevi’nin İstanbul’da Infazına Dair Yeni Detay.” (2020). Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/96131/haber/iran-istihbaratının-eski-üyesi-olduğu-iddia-edilen-mesut-mevlevi’nin-istanbul’da (Erişim: Ekim 3, 2020).
  • Referans 27: “Iranian Vice President Masoumeh Ebtekar Tests Positive for Coronavirus.” (2020). Daily Sabah. https://www.dailysabah.com/world/mid-east/iranian-vice-president-masoumeh-ebtekar-tests-positive-for-coronavirus (Accessed: October 1, 2020).
  • Referans 28: Karabulut B., Şafak O. (2018). “Proxy Wars in Ukraine.” The Journal of Defence Sciences 17(1).
  • Referans 29: Krause K., Milliken J. (2009). “Introduction: The Challenge of Non-State Armed Groups.” Contemporary Security Policy 30(2).
  • Referans 30: Kossaify, E. (2020). “Hezbollah Allies in Lebanon Must ‘Choose between Bullets and Ballots.’” Arab News. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1731721/middle-east (Accessed: September 9, 2020).
  • Referans 31: “Lebanon Protests: How WhatsApp Tax Anger Revealed a Much Deeper Crisis.” (2020). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50293636 (Accessed: October 3, 2020).
  • Referans 32: Levitt, M. (2014). “Hezbollah’s Syrian Quagmire.” The Washington Institute. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/hezbollahs-syrian-quagmire (Accessed: September 29, 2020).
  • Referans 33: Levitt, M. (2015). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon’s Party of God. Georgetown University Press.
  • Referans 34: Liberatore, S. (2017). “Meet the Monkey King: China Unveils 15 Foot Tall Fighting ‘megabot’ to Take on the US and Japan.” Mail Online. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4463190/China-s-Monkey-King-robot-Japan.html (Accessed: September 29, 2020).
  • Referans 35: Linder, C. (2020). “Russia Says It’s on the Brink of Robot Warfare.” Popular Mechanics. https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/robots/a32257009/russia-robot-warfare/ (Accessed: September 29, 2020).
  • Referans 36: “Lübnan’da Hükümet Istifa Etti.” (2020). DW Türkçe. https://www.dw.com/tr/lübnanda-hükümet-istifa-etti/a-54514227 (Erişim: October 3, 2020).
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Çağdaş Duman 0000-0003-3512-3070

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Acceptance Date December 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Duman, Ç. (2020). COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782
AMA Duman Ç. COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ. ebyuiibfdergisi. December 2020;2(2):59-70. doi:10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782
Chicago Duman, Çağdaş. “COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ”. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2, no. 2 (December 2020): 59-70. https://doi.org/10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782.
EndNote Duman Ç (December 1, 2020) COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2 2 59–70.
IEEE Ç. Duman, “COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ”, ebyuiibfdergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 59–70, 2020, doi: 10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782.
ISNAD Duman, Çağdaş. “COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ”. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2/2 (December 2020), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782.
JAMA Duman Ç. COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ. ebyuiibfdergisi. 2020;2:59–70.
MLA Duman, Çağdaş. “COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ”. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, 2020, pp. 59-70, doi:10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.828782.
Vancouver Duman Ç. COVID-19 PANDEMİ SONRASI ŞİDDET İÇEREN DEVLET DIŞI AKTÖRLERİN GELECEĞİ: LÜBNAN HİZBULLAH’I ÖRNEĞİ. ebyuiibfdergisi. 2020;2(2):59-70.
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