Sürdürülebilir Beton ve Zemin Dolgulu Sürekli Temellerin Monoton Yükler Altındaki Davranışı

Abstract

Günümüz ihtiyaçlarına cevap veremeyen yapıların yenilenmesi, doğal afetler, bölgesel ve küresel savaşlar sonucunda önemli oranda inşaat ve yıkıntı atığı malzeme ortaya çakmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bu atıkların dönüştürülerek tekrar kullanılması yoluyla bertaraf edilmesi son yılların en önemli araştırma konularındandır. İnşaat ve yıkıntı atığı malzemeler dönüştürülerek geri dönüşümlü agregalar elde edilmektedir. Geri dönüşümlü agreganın sürdürülebilir bir ürün olarak yeni beton üretiminde veya zemin dolgusu olarak kullanılması için detaylı çalışmalar yapılmış ve bu çalışmaların kapsamı genişleyerek devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında ise hem üst yapıyı temsil eden sürekli temel kirişi hem de temelin altındaki dolgu zeminin sürdürülebilir malzemelerle üretildiği varsayılan yapı zemin etkileşim problemi incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında üst yapıyı temsil eden sürekli temel kirişinin beton özellikleri konvansiyonel ve sürdürülebilir betonla dikkate alınmıştır. Zemin dolgusunun karakteristik özellikleri ise beş farklı sürdürülebilir malzeme ile dikkate alınmıştır. Yapılan nümerik simülasyonla, temelde meydana gelen çökme, dönme, eğilme momenti, kesme kuvveti ve yay kuvvetleri elde edilmiştir. Sürdürülebilir yapı-zemin etkileşim problemi için elde edilen bu sonuçlar, konvansiyonel yapı-zemin etkileşim probleminden elde edilen sonuçlarla kapsamlı olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan karşılaştırmalardan elde edilen sonuçlara göre temelde meydana gelen çökme, dönme, eğilme momenti, kesme kuvveti ve yay kuvvetlerinin sürdürülebilir malzeme özelliklerinden belirli oranda etkilendiği görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Yapı-zemin etkileşimi
• Geri dönüşümlü agrega
• Sürdürülebilir ve konvansiyonel beton
• Sürekli temel
• Sürdürülebilir dolgu

The Behavior of Continuous Foundations with Sustainable Concrete and Soil Under Monotonic Loads

Abstract

Due to the renovation of structures, natural disasters, and regional-global wars, construction and demolition waste material is generated. The remediation of these wastes by recycling and reusing activities is one of recent most common research topics. Recycled aggregates are obtained through the recycling activities of these waste materials. In the literature, detailed studies have been carried out to use recycled aggregate as a sustainable product in producing new concrete or as a filling material. Besides, the scope of these studies continues to expand. In this comprehensive study, the structural behavior of the soil-structure interaction problem under the monotonic load, which is assumed to be produced with sustainable materials, was investigated. Furthermore, the concrete properties of these foundation beams representing the superstructure were considered with conventional and sustainable concrete. The characteristics of the filling materials were regarded with five different sustainable materials. The deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, and spring forces are obtained based on the numerical simulation. The sustainable soil-structure interaction problem results were compared with the conventional counterparts. Based on the comparisons, it was observed that the deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, and spring forces that occur in the foundation beam are affected by sustainable material properties.

Keywords

• Soil-Structure interaction
• Recycled aggregates
• Sustainable and conventional concrete
• Continuous foundation
• Sustainable filling

References

1. [1]. Xiao, J., “Recycled aggregate concrete structures”, Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 1, Berlin, Germany, (2018).
2. [2]. Goksu, C., Saribas, I., Binbir, E., Akkaya, Y., Ilki, A., “Structural behavior of recycled aggregates concrete obtained from low quality concrete”, Structural Engineering & Mechanics 2019, 69 (1): 77-93.
3. [3]. Saribas, I., Goksu, C., Binbir, E., Ilki, A., “Seismic performance of full-scale RC columns containing high proportion recycled aggregate”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2019, 17 (11): 6009-6037.
4. [4]. Saribas, I., Goksu, C., Binbir, E., Ilki, A., “Shear-flexure interaction in RAC columns under simulated seismic actions”, Engineering Structures, 2021, 231: 111746.
5. [5]. Saribas, I., “Structural optimization behavior of green concrete members”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2022, 47: 5033–5051.
6. [6]. Ok, B., Sarici, T., Talaslioglu, T., Yildiz, A., “Geotechnical properties of recycled construction and demolition materials for filling applications”, Transportation Geotechnics, 2020, 24: 100380.
7. [7]. Saribas, I., Ok, B., “Seismic performance of recycled aggregate-filled cantilever reinforced concrete retaining walls”, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 11 (4): 1-11.
8. [8]. Vieira C.S., Pereira, P.M., “Use of recycled construction and demolition materials in geotechnical applications: a review”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2015, 103: 192-204.

9. [9]. Disfani, M.M., Arulrajah, A., Haghighi, H., Mohammadinia, A., Horpibulsuk, S., “Flexural beam fatigue strength evaluation of crushed brick as a supplementary material in cement stabilized recycled concrete aggregates”, Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 68: 667–676.
10. [10]. Gabr, A.R., Cameron, D.A., “Properties of recycled concrete aggregate for unbound pavement construction”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2012, 24 (6): 754-764.
11. [11]. Blankengel, B. J. “Characterization of recycled concrete for use as pavement base material”, Yüksek Lisans, Brigham Young University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, (2005).
12. [12]. Arulrajah, A., Piratheepan, J., Disfani, M.M., “Reclaimed asphalt pavement and recycled concrete aggregate blends in pavement subbases: laboratory and field evaluation”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2014, 26 (2): 349-357.
13. [13]. Kazmee, H., Tutumluer, E., “Evaluation of Aggregate Subgrade Materials Used as Pavement Subgrade/Granular Subbase” Research Report FHWA-ICT-15-013, Illinois Center for Transportation, U.S.A., (2015).
14. [14]. Ayan, V., Limbachiya, M.C., Omer, J.R., Azadani, S.M.N., “Compaction assessment of recycled aggregates for use in unbound subbase application”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 2014, 20 (2): 169-174.
15. [15]. Herrador, R., Pérez, P., Garach, L., Ordóñez, J., “Use of recycled construction and demolition waste aggregate for road course surfacing”, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2012, 138 (2): 182-190.
16. [16]. Winkler, E., “Die lehre von der und festigkeit”, Kessinger Publishing, Prague, Czech Republic, (1867).
17. [17]. Filonenko-Borodich, M.M., “Some approximate theories of elastic foundation”, Uchenyie Zapiski Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Mechanica, 1940, 46: 3-18.
18. [18]. Hetenyi, M., “A general solution for the bending of beams on an elastic foundation of arbitrary continuity”, Journal of Applied Physics, 1950, 21 (1): 55-58.
19. [19]. Pasternak, P. L., “On a new method of analysis of an elastic foundation by means of two constants”, Gosudarstvennoe Izdatelstvo Literaturi po Stroitelstvu I Arkhitekture, Moscow, Russia (1954).
20. [20]. Vlasov, V.Z., Leontiev, N.N., “Beams plates, and shells on elastic foundations”, Israel Programme for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, Israel, (1966).
21. [21]. Reissner, E., “A note on deflection of plates on a viscoelastic foundation”, Journal Applied Mechanics, 1958, 25: 144-155.
22. [22]. Kerr, A., “Elastic and viscoelastic foundation models”, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1964, 31(3): 491-498.
23. [23]. Kerr, A.D., Coffin, D.W., “Beams on a two-dimensional Pasternak base subjected to loads that cause lift-off”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1991, 28 (4): 413-422.
24. [24]. Belén, G.F., Fernando, M.A., Diego C.L, Sindy, S.P., “Stress-strain relationship in axial compression for concrete using recycled saturated coarse aggregate”, Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 25(5): 2335-2342.
25. [25]. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY-18), “Deprem etkisi altinda binalarin tasarimi için esaslar”, Ankara, Türkiye, (2018).
26. [26]. Abu El-Maaty Behiry, A.E., “Characterization of the layered pavement by modelling and calibration of resilient modulus”, American Journal of Civil Engineering, 2014, 2 (3): 74-86.
27. [27]. George, K.P., “Prediction of resilient modulus from soil index properties”, Research Report FHWA/MS-DOT-RD-04-172, The Mississippi Department of Transportation, U.S.A., (2004)
28. [28]. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official (AASHTO-93), “Guide for Design of Pavement Structures”, Washington D.C., U.S.A., (1993).