Investigation of Fume Formation Rate in SMAW of 316L Stainless Steel with Different Electrodes Using Taguchi and Anova
Abstract
Welding is one of the
most utilized joining techniques in heavy industry and manufacturing sector due
to its ease of application and strength. 316L grade stainless steel is mainly
used in chemical, petro-chemical, food, paper, paint and shipbuilding
industries as well as dairy equipment. Arc welding processes are preferred in
joining of stainless steel and shielded metal arc welding is widely used in
this respect along with gas metal arc welding. There are some drawbacks of
welding despite many advantages. Welding is defined as a hazardous process in
terms of occupational safety and health and the environment because of toxic
fume and noxious gases emitted. In this study, Taguchi design of experiment was
utilized and shielded metal arc welding of 316L grade stainless steel was
realized using electrodes with same classification from two different brands
with different current parameters. Fume formation rates for each experimental
condition were measured and results were evaluated using Taguchi signal to
noise ratios and analysis of variance.
References
- [1] Celebi, U.B., “Investigation on welding emission estimation in shipyards for different ship types”, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23(8a) (2014), 1904-1914. [2] Harris, I., Castner H., “Mechanization and Automation of Welding and Cutting Processes to Reduce Fume Exposure”, NSRP ASE Project, (2003). [3] Senoz, K.M., Bilgili, L., Mert, T., Celebi, U.B., Ekinci, S., Vardar, N., “Fume Formation Rate of Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Stainless Steel Used in Chemical Tankers in Shipbuilding”, The 8th International Scientific Conference on Naval, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (TEHNONAV’15), 2-4 July 2015, Constanta, Romania, Special Issue, ss. 27-32. [4] Mener, W.C., Rosen, P.L., Austin, D.N., Holt, W.S., “Shipyard Welding Emission Factor Development”, 10th International Emission Inventory Conference - One Atmosphere, One Inventory, Many Challenges, 1 – 3 May 2001, Denver, U.S.A. [5] Sowards, J.W., Lippold, J.C., Dickinson, D.W., Ramirez, A.J., “Characterization of Welding Fume from SMAW Electrodes — Part I”, Welding Journal, 87 (2008), 106-s-112-s. [6] Kura, B., “Evaluation of Cr (VI) Exposure Levels in the Shipbuilding Industry”, GCRMTC, Final Report, (1998). [7] Konarski, P., Iwanejko, I., Ćwil, M., “Core-shell morphology of welding fume micro and nanoparticles”, Vacuum, 70 (2003), 385-389. [8] Sowards, J.W., Ramirez, A.J., Dickinson, D.W., Lippold, J.C., “Characterization of welding fume from SMAW electrodes-Part II”, Welding Journal, 89 (2010), 82s-90s. [9] Matczak, W., Chmielnicka, J., “Methods for determining soluble and insoluble Cr III and Cr VI compounds in welding fumes”, Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine, 2(4) (1989), 376-388. [10] Stopford, W., “Welding and Exposures to Manganese Assessment of Neurological Adverse Effects”, Duke University Medical Center Department of Community & Family Medicine Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Durham NC, (2005). [11] NIOSH, “Welding: Fumes and gases”, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra WAP 90/034GS, 1990. [12] NIOSH, “Nomination of Welding Fumes for Toxicity Studies”, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2002. [13] Mert, T., Bilgili, L., Senoz, K.M., Celebi, U.B., Ekinci, S., “The Effect of Parameter Selection on Fume Formation Rate in SMAW of AH-36 Shipbuilding Steel and Analysis with Anova Method”, Global Conference on Global Warming (GCGW’15), 24 – 27 May 2015, Athens, Greece. [14] EN ISO 15011-1, “Health and safety in welding and allied processes — Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases Part 1: Determination of fume emission rate during arc welding and collection of fume for analysis”, 2009.
Investigation of Fume Formation Rate in SMAW of 316L Stainless Steel with Different Electrodes Using Taguchi and Anova
Abstract
Kaynak, kolay
uygulanabilirliğinden ve mukavemetinden dolayı, imalat sektörü ve ağır sanayide
en çok kullanılan birleştirme yöntemlerinden birisidir. 316L kalite paslanmaz
çeliklerin başlıca kullanım alanları kimya, petro-kimya, gıda, kağıt, boya ve
gemi imalatıdır. Paslanmaz çeliklerin kaynağında ark kaynak prosesleri tercih
edilmektedir ve gazaltı kaynağının yanında örtülü elektrotla ark kaynağı da
sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Kaynak prosesinin avantajlarının yanında bazı
dezavantajları da vardır. Kaynak, toksik duman ve sağlığa zararlı gazlar
oluşturduğu için iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile çevre açısından tehlikeli bir
proses olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Taguchi deneysel tasarımı
oluşturulmuş ve iki farklı markanın aynı sınıflandırmaya sahip elektrotları, farklı
akım parametreleri kullanılarak 316L paslanmaz çeliğin örtülü elektrot ark
kaynağında kullanılmıştır. Her deney şartındaki duman oluşum hızları ölçülmüş
ve sonuçlar Taguchi sinyal-gürültü oranı ve varyans analizi ile
değerlendirilmiştir
References
- [1] Celebi, U.B., “Investigation on welding emission estimation in shipyards for different ship types”, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23(8a) (2014), 1904-1914. [2] Harris, I., Castner H., “Mechanization and Automation of Welding and Cutting Processes to Reduce Fume Exposure”, NSRP ASE Project, (2003). [3] Senoz, K.M., Bilgili, L., Mert, T., Celebi, U.B., Ekinci, S., Vardar, N., “Fume Formation Rate of Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Stainless Steel Used in Chemical Tankers in Shipbuilding”, The 8th International Scientific Conference on Naval, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (TEHNONAV’15), 2-4 July 2015, Constanta, Romania, Special Issue, ss. 27-32. [4] Mener, W.C., Rosen, P.L., Austin, D.N., Holt, W.S., “Shipyard Welding Emission Factor Development”, 10th International Emission Inventory Conference - One Atmosphere, One Inventory, Many Challenges, 1 – 3 May 2001, Denver, U.S.A. [5] Sowards, J.W., Lippold, J.C., Dickinson, D.W., Ramirez, A.J., “Characterization of Welding Fume from SMAW Electrodes — Part I”, Welding Journal, 87 (2008), 106-s-112-s. [6] Kura, B., “Evaluation of Cr (VI) Exposure Levels in the Shipbuilding Industry”, GCRMTC, Final Report, (1998). [7] Konarski, P., Iwanejko, I., Ćwil, M., “Core-shell morphology of welding fume micro and nanoparticles”, Vacuum, 70 (2003), 385-389. [8] Sowards, J.W., Ramirez, A.J., Dickinson, D.W., Lippold, J.C., “Characterization of welding fume from SMAW electrodes-Part II”, Welding Journal, 89 (2010), 82s-90s. [9] Matczak, W., Chmielnicka, J., “Methods for determining soluble and insoluble Cr III and Cr VI compounds in welding fumes”, Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine, 2(4) (1989), 376-388. [10] Stopford, W., “Welding and Exposures to Manganese Assessment of Neurological Adverse Effects”, Duke University Medical Center Department of Community & Family Medicine Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Durham NC, (2005). [11] NIOSH, “Welding: Fumes and gases”, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra WAP 90/034GS, 1990. [12] NIOSH, “Nomination of Welding Fumes for Toxicity Studies”, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2002. [13] Mert, T., Bilgili, L., Senoz, K.M., Celebi, U.B., Ekinci, S., “The Effect of Parameter Selection on Fume Formation Rate in SMAW of AH-36 Shipbuilding Steel and Analysis with Anova Method”, Global Conference on Global Warming (GCGW’15), 24 – 27 May 2015, Athens, Greece. [14] EN ISO 15011-1, “Health and safety in welding and allied processes — Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases Part 1: Determination of fume emission rate during arc welding and collection of fume for analysis”, 2009.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Uluslararası Kaynak Teknolojileri Konferansı (ICWET'16) |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 31, 2017 |
| Submission Date | June 1, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 |
Açık Dergi Erişimi (BOAI)
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.
