Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Levels in Izmit Gulf in Marmara Sea with Biofilm Formation in Plexiglass Substrate

Abstract

In this study, plexiglas substrates were used for biofilm formation to observe short-term variations in heavy metals in Izmit Gulf. The substrates were inserted and collected in a two-week period as three times in the autumn season. The averaged accumulation values of metals were decreased in the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cd. The same trend was observed in the first and third samples of the autumn without any exception in the sequence. The order for the second sample was as Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd. Among the 37 species found, 22 belonged to Bacillariophyceae, 2 species to Cyanophyceae and 13 species to Dinophyceae taxa. While Bacillariophyceae consisted of about 55 % of total colony, 38 %  and 7 % comsosed of species of Dinophyceae and Cyanophyceae taxa, respectively. Total biodensity values are 22362, 23513 and 21348 cell/ml. For various incubation days (15, 30 and 45), it was seen that increasing incubation time would not always result in the increase in densities of all species and total density of biofilms. Metal levels did not show big variations. Low correlations were observed in relative abundances of first three dominant species occupying around 85 % of total algal community with some metals, though the variations are not much significant. 

Keywords

• Biomonitoring,Biofilm,Heavy Metal,Marmara Sea

Marmara Denizi'nde İzmit Körfezinde Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin, Pleksiglas Substratta Biyofilm Oluşumu ile Biyoizlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Biyofilm oluşumu ile İzmit Körfezi'ndeki ağır metallerde kısa süreli değişimleri gözlemlemek için pleksiglas substratlar kullanılmıştır. Substratlar sonbahar mevsiminde yerleştirildi ve üç defada iki haftalık periyot ile toplandı. Metallerin ortalama birikim değerleri, Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cd sırasına göre azalmıştır.  Aynı eğilim, istisnasız olarak sonbaharın ilk ve üçüncü örneklerinde de gözlenmiştir. İkinci numunenin sırası, Fe> Mn> Zn> Pb> Cr> Cu> Ni> Cd şeklindeydi. Bulunan 37 türün 22'si Bacillariophyceae'ye, 2'si Cyanophyceae'ye ve 13 türü Dinophyceae taxa'ya aittir. Bacillariophyceae toplam koloninin yaklaşık % 55'ini oluştururken,% 38 Dinophyceae ve % 7'si Cyanophyceae taxa türlerinden oluşmuştur. Toplam biyolojik yoğunluk değerleri 22362, 23513 ve 21348 hücre/ml'dir. Çeşitli inkübasyon günlerinde (15, 30 ve 45), artan inkübasyon süresinin her zaman tüm türlerin yoğunluklarında ve biyofilmlerin toplam yoğunluğunda bir artışa yol açmadığı görülmüştür. Metal seviyeleri büyük değişiklikler göstermedi. Varyasyonlar çok anlamlı olmamakla birlikte, bazı metallerle toplam alg topluluğunun% 85'ini kaplayan ilk üç baskın türün göreceli bolluğunda düşük korelasyonlar gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Biyoizleme,Biyofilm,Ağır Metal,Marmara Denizi

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