Numerical Analysis of Displacement of Circular Discs Based On Boron Carbide (B4C) -Silicon Carbide (SİC) and Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) materials

Abstract

In this study, the radial behavior of disks are made of different materials and increasing from the inner surface to the outer surface under temperature distribution was analyzed analytically, assuming that the modulus of elasticity does not change with temperature. The resulting calculations were supported by the ANSYS program. Boron carbide (B4C) is often used in the space industry in our country. The model of the first disc is the material of boron carbide (B4C), and the model of the materials of the second and third discs are silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si3N4), respectively. Discs mounted on any machine part may be subject to displacement at different temperatures. Discs can show different properties according to material and different temperature. At the end of the literature research, it was observed that experimental and numerical thermal stress analyses were performed and radial and tangential stresses were calculated at different temperatures in the disks. There have been insufficient studies to examine the radial displacement behavior of the discs under different temperature effects. In different studies, metal materials such as stainless steel and aluminum were mainly investigated. The difference of this study compared to previous studies are that the size of the modelled disk diameter and the specified temperature range are close to each other. Because small diameter disks are generally preferred in the defense industry and other unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as in the space technology, where temperature change is the main factor. Therefore, boron carbide (B4C) and silicon carbide (SİC), which are important materials in the aerospace industry today, were calculated the displacement values of silicon nitride (Si3N4) at temperatures of 40 ° C -50 ° C -60 ° C -70 ° C -80 ° C -90 ° C and shared with the literature. At the end of this numerical analysis, it was determined that the displacement value at 40 ° C on the inner surface of the boron carbide (B4C) material was 100.00 % higher than silicon carbide (SiC) and 157.14% higher than silicon nitride (Si3N4). At the end of this study, it was concluded that it is possible to use these disc materials with high hardness and good strength.

Keywords

• Modulus of elasticity
• poisson's ratio
• thermal expansion coefficient,
• disc,
• displacements
• Boron Carbide (B4C)
• Silicon Carbide (SSIC)

Numerical Analysis of Displacement of Circular Discs Based On Boron Carbide (B4C) -Silicon Carbide (SİC) and Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) materials

Abstract

: Bu çalışmada, farklı malzemelerden yapılmış ve sıcaklık dağılımı altında iç yüzeyden dış yüzeye doğru artan disklerin radyal davranışı, elastisite modülünün sıcaklık ile değişmediği varsayılarak analitik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen hesaplamalar ANSYS programı tarafından desteklenmiştir. Bor karbür (B4C) ülkemizde uzay endüstrisinde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. İlk diskin modeli Bor karbür (B4C) malzemesidir ve ikinci ve üçüncü disklerin malzemelerinin modeli sırasıyla Silisyum karbür (SİC) ve Silisyum nitrürdür (Si3N4). Herhangi bir makine parçasına monte edilen diskler, farklı sıcaklıklarda yer değiştirmeye maruz kalabilir. Diskler malzemeye ve farklı sıcaklıklara göre farklı özellikler gösterebilir. Literatür araştırması sonunda; deneysel ve sayısal termal gerilme analizlerinin yapıldığı ve disklerde farklı sıcaklıklarda radyal ve teğetsel gerilmelerin hesaplandığı görülmüştür. Disklerin farklı sıcaklık etkileri altında radyal yer değiştirme davranışlarını incelemek için yeterli çalışmaların olmadığı görülmüştür. Farklı çalışmalarda, paslanmaz çelik ve alüminyum gibi metal malzemelerin ağırlıklı olarak araştırıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın önceki çalışmalara göre farkı; modellenen disk çapının büyüklüğü ve belirtilen sıcaklık aralığı birbirine yakın olmasıdır. Çünkü küçük çaplı diskler genellikle savunma sanayinde ve diğer insansız hava sahası araçlarında ve sıcaklık değişiminin ana faktör olduğu uzay teknolojisinde tercih edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, günümüzde havacılık endüstrisinde önemli malzemeler olan Bor karbür (B4C) ve Silisyum karbür (SiC), Silisyum nitrür (Si3N4) ' ün 40 ° C -50 ° C -60 ° C -70 ° C -80 ° C -90 ° C sıcaklıklarında elde edilen yer değiştirme değerleri hesaplanmış ve literatürle paylaşılmıştır. Bu nümerik analizin sonunda, Bor karbür (B4C) malzemeli diskin iç yüzeyinde 40 ° C'de yer değiştirme değerinin Silisyum karbürden (SiC) %100.00 ve Silisyum nitrürden (Si3N4) % 157.14 daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonunda, bu disk malzemelerinin yüksek sertlik ve iyi mukavemet ile kullanılmasının mümkün olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Elastisite modülü
• poisson oranı
• termal genleşme katsayısı,
• disk,
• deplasman
• Bor Karbür (B4C)
• Silikon Karbür (SSIC)
• Silikon Nitrid (Si3N4)

References

1. [1]- Yıldırım, B., Dimitoka, K., "Calculation of Thermal Stress in Thermal Barrier Coatings Made of Layered and Functionally Graded Materials by Finite Element Method", Engineer and machine, 2003, 525,34-42 .
2. [2]- Tutuncu N., Temel B., "An efficient unified method for thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded rotating discs of variable thickness". Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2013, 20(1):38-46.
3. [3]- Taurus, C., "Elastic Analysis of an Hollow Cylinder Made from Functionally Graded Material Exposed to Internal Pressure", International Scientific And Vocational Journal (Isvos Journal), 2018, 2 (1):56-66.
4. [4]- Ootao Y., Tanigawa Y., Ishimaru O., ''Optimization of material composition of functionally graded plate for thermal stress relaxation using a genetic algorithm '', Journal of Thermal Stress, 2000, 23, pp.257-271.
5. [5]- Ding S., Wu C., "Optimization of material composition to minimize the thermal stresses induced in FGM plates with temperature-dependent material properties", International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s10999-017 9388-z, 2017.
6. [6]- Kayıran H.F., Öndürücü A., Thermal Stress Analysis of a Disc Subjected to Parabolic Temperature Distribution. Mersin First International Symposium on 01-03 November 2018, Mersin University, 4, 188-201, Mersin, Turkey.
7. [7]- Kayıran, H.F., Boron-Carbide (B4C) Thermal Stress Analysis of a Disc, 2nd International Mediterranean Symposium, 2019, 1(2), 47.
8. [8]- Öndürücü, A., Kayıran, H.F,. Thermal Stress Analysis of Bimaterial Discs under Temperature Effect, 2nd International Mersin Symposium, 2019, 1 (2), 146.

9. [9]- Aslan, M., Kalyoncu, M., The Effect of Welding Wire Thermal Expansion Coefficient on Residual Stresses Resulting from Welding Process, El-Cezerî Science and Engineering Journal, 2017, 4(3), 568-577.
10. [10]- Salih, Ö., Tuğba, B., Murat, T., Osman, B., The Effect of the Non-Design Geometric Change on the Stress Distribution in the Connection Holes of the Steel Base Plates, El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, 2020, 7(2), 461-473.
11. [11]- Saraç, İ., "Linear-Elastic Stress Analysis in Adhesive Connected Shaft-Hub Connections and Investigation of the Effect of Hub Edge Geometry on Strength", El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, 2020, 7(3), 994 –1007.
12. [12]- Korkmaz, ME, Çakıroğlu, R., Yaşar, N., Özmen, R., Günay, M., "Analysis of the thrust force in the drilling of Al2014 aluminum alloy by finite element method, El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering", 2019, 6 (1), 193-199.
13. [13]- Uğural, A.C., Fenster, S.K., "Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity", 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall International, London, 1995.
14. [14]- Eraslan, A.N., Orcan, Y., "Elastic-Plastic Deformations of a Rotating Solid Disc of Exponentially Varying Thickness", Mechanics of Materials, 2002, 34, 423-432.
15. [15]- Apatay, T, Eraslan, A.N., "Elastic Deformation of Rotating Discs with Parabolic Thickness”, Gazi Univ. Eng. Mime. Fak. Der. J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ, 2003, 18(2): 115-135.
16. [16]- Zenkour A.M, Mashat, D.S ,. "Analytical and numerical solutions for a rotating annular disc of variable thickness", Applied Mathematics, 2010, 1(05):431-438.
17. [17]- Zafarmand, H, Hassani, B., "Analysis of two-dimensional functionally graded rotating thick discs with variable thickness", Acta Mech, 2014, 225, 453–464.
18. [18]- Pekel, H., "Dynamic thermal stress analysis of FGM cylinders", Çukurova University, Institute of Science, Mechanical Engineering Department, PhD Thesis, 2014, 88s.
19. [19]- Bağcı, M.D., "Thermal stress analysis of unidirectional functional stratified plate and disc joints subjected to in-plane thermal load", Erciyes University, Institute of Science, Mechanical Engineering Department, Master Thesis, 2009, 146p.
20. [20]- Deka, S., Mallick, A., Behera, P.P., Thamburaja, P., "Thermal stresses in a functionally graded rotating disc", An approximate closed form solution. J. Therm. Stress. 2021, 44, 20 50.
21. [21]- Sainath, A., Dehadray., P.M., Bharath, P., Rao, L.B., "The Thermal and Stress an Analysisn of disc brake", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, 1128(1):1-11.
22. [22]- Guo, F., Yan, Y., Hong, Y., Li, Y., 2020, "Multiscale modeling: Prediction for thermophysical properties of needled carbon/carbon composite and evaluation of brake disc system", Materials Today Communications, 22, 100-685.
23. [23]- Balcı, M.N., "Three Dimensional Stress Analysis of Brake Disc-Pad Mechanism", Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences", 2021, 9(1):62-84.
24. [24]- Yevtushenko, A., Kuciej, M., Topczewska, K., "Effect of the temporal profile of the friction power on temperature of a pad-disc brake system", Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2019, 57(2):461-473.
25. [25]- Özbek, B., Kaza, E., " Self Cooling Disc Design, Design Project, "Karadeniz Technical University, Engineering Faculty, Mechanical Engineering Department", 2018, 33s, Trabzon.
26. [26]- Hassani, A., Gholami, M., "Analytical and numerical bending solutions for thermoelastic functionally graded rotating discs with non-uniform thickness based on Mindlin's theory", J. Stress Analysis, 2017, 2 (1):35-49.
27. [27]- Kayıran, H.F., "Investigation Of Thermal Stress Behavior Of Discs With Different Diameters Of Aluminum (Al2024- T3) Boron Carbide (B4C)", 4th International Mediterranean Symposium, 2020, 4(1):81-398, Mersin.
28. [28]- Kayıran,H.F. , "Investigation of Elastic Tensile Behavior of Thermoplastic Discs Reinforced With Steel Wires", Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2020, 3(2): 73-76. [29]- Timeshenko, S., Goodier, J.N., "Theory of Elasticity", McGraw-Hill, 1970, pp.73-75. [30]- PASİFİKSEAL, http://www.pasifikseal.com/sic.php, 28.12.2020. [31]- MEMSNET., https://www.memsnet.org/material/siliconnitridesi3n4film/, 28.12.2020.
29. [32]- AZOM., https://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=75, 28.12.2020.
30. [33]- Çallıoğlu, H., Karakaya, Ş., "Thermal stress analysis of a stratified disc", Electronic Journal of Machine Technologies, 2008, pp.61-68.
31. [34]- Lyamina, E., "Effect Of Plastic Anistropy On The Collapse Of A Hollow Disc Under Thermal And Mechanical Loading", Symmetry Article, 2021, 13(5):1-12.
32. [35]- Yıldırım, V., "Numerical analytical solutions to the elastic response of arbitrarily functionally graded polar orthotropic rotating discs", J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 2018, 40(1):320.
33. [36]- Çallıoğlu, H., "Stress analysis in a functionally graded disc under mechanical loads and a steady state temperature distribution" , Indian Academy of Sciences, 2011, pp. 53-64.
34. [37]- Öndürücü, A., Kayıran, H.F., "Thermal Stress Analysis for Bimaterial Discs Exposed to Linear Decreasing Temperature Distribution", M.C.B.Ü Soma Vocational School Journal of Technical Sciences, 2019, 28 (1):1-12.
35. [38]- Kevorkijan, V., "Engineering Wear-Resistant Surfaces in Automotive Aluminum", JOM, Volume 55, Number 2, 1 February 2003, pp. 32-34.
36. [39]- Nakanishi, H., Kakihara, K., Nakayama, A., Murayama, T., "Development of aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) brake rotor and pad", JSAE Review 2002, 23(1): 365 370.
37. [40]- Toptan, F., Kumdalı, F., Kerti, I., "An Overview of the Usability of Al-B4C Composites as Brake Discs", Journal of Metallurgy", 2006, 145(1): 11-18.
38. [41]- Hunt, J.R., W.H., Herling, D., "Cost-Effective Composites", JOM, 2003, 1-6 .
39. [42]- Hasırcı, H., Gül, F., " Investigation of Abrasive Wear Behaviors of B4C-Al Composites Depending on Reinforcement Volume Ratio ", 3.SDU International Technologic Science, 2010, 2(1):15-21.
40. [43]- Toptan, F., Kerti, I., " Production of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with B4C by Casting Method", 12th International Metallurgy and Materials Congress (28 October-2 November), Istanbul, Proceedings Book, pp.808-812.
41. [44]- METALURJIK, https://www.metalurjik.com/, 31.05.2021.
42. [45]- CERAMTEC, https://www.ceramtec.com.tr/ ceramic-materials/silicon-nitride /31.05.2021.