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Analysis of Metal Contents in Maraş Powder and Different Cigarette Brands in Turkey

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 0 - 0, 31.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.289636

Abstract

The metal contents in hand made Maraş powder, mixed oak–ash Maraş powder and twelve different cigarette brands sold in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey were the aim of this study. The concentration of tin (Sn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganase (Mn), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in hand-made pure Maraş powder and mixed oak–ash Maraş powder were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) instrument. Before the analyses, all the samples were digested in closed teflon vessels under microwave power and diluted to appropriate volume with ultrapure water and then, analyzed with ICP-OES instrument. According to the results, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb contents in Maraş powder and oak–ash mixed Maraş powder were found as very high for human health, whereas, different cigarette brands were clean.

References

  • Asma S., Mackay J.,, Song S.Y., Zhao L., Morton J.,, Palipudi K.M., Bettcher D., Bhatti L., Caixeta R., Chandora R., Dias R.C., Silva V.L.C., Fouad H., Hsia J., Husain M.J., McAfee T., Ramanandraibe N., Rarick J., Sinha D., Talley B., d’Espaignet E.T., “The GATS Atlas, Global Adult Tobacco Survey”, CDC Foundation, World Health Organisation, Word Lung Foundation, Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Preventation, UK, “2015”.
  • Schneider G., Krivan V., “Multi-elemental analysis of tobacco and smoke condensate by instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry”, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1993, 53: 87–100.
  • Ezzati M., Loprz A.D., “Estimates of global mortality attributed to smoking in 2000”, Lancet, 2003, 362: 847–852.
  • Lugon-Moulin N., Martin F., Krauss M.R., Ramey P.B., Rossi L., ”Cadmium concentration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from different countries and its relationship with other elements”, Chemosphere, 2006, 63: 1074–1086.
  • Angelova V., Ivanov K., Ivanova R., ”Effect of chemical forms of lead, cadmium and zinc in polluted soils on their uptake by tobacco”, J. Environ. Prot. Ecol., 2003, 4: 316–327.
  • Verma S., Yadav S., Singh I., “Trace metal concentration in different Indian tobacco products and related health implications”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010, 48: 2291–2297.
  • Frank M., “Industrial X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis-New Applications and Challenges for Cryogenic Detectors Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory”, 7. International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Munich, Germany, 1-7, (1997).
  • Erenmemisoglu A., Tekol Y., Kartal M., Kurucu S., “The use of a smokeless tobacco in our country Maraş powder”, 2nd International Symposium of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, 1-3, (1991).
  • Ozkul Y., Donmez H., Erenmemisoglu A., Demirtas H., Imamoglu N., “Induction of micronuclei by smokeless tobacco on buccal mucosa cells of habitual users”, Mutagenesis. 1997, 12 (4): 285–287.
  • Buyukbese M.A., Koksal N., Guven A., Cetinkaya A., “Effects of smokeless tobacco “Maraş powder” use on respiratory functions”, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2004, 204 (3): 173–178.
  • Aral M., Ekerbicer H.C., Celik M., Ciragil P., Gul M., “Comparison of Effects of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Maraş Powder Use on Humoral Immune System Parameters”, Mediators of Inflammation, 2006, 1–4.
  • Kılınç, M., Okur, E., Yıldırım, İ., Nanç, F., Kurutaş, E.B. “The investigation of the effect of Maraş powder (smokeless tobacco) on hematological parameters”, Turk J. Haematol. 2004, 21(3): 131-136.
  • Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Products, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks, European Commission, (2008).
  • Sogut O., Sayhan M.B., Ustundag M., Orak M., “Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation After SmokelessTobacco (Maraş Powder) Use”, J. Chin. Med. Assoc. 2009, 72 (5): 265-267.
  • Papastefanou C., “Radioactivity of Tobacco Leaves and Radiation Dose Induced from Smoking”, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2009, 6:558-567.
  • Hou X., Jones B.T., “Field instrumentation in atomic spectroscopy”, Microchem. J. 2000, 66: 115-145.
  • Martin T.D., “Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water By Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry”, EPA Method 200.5-1, (2003).
  • Bakircioglu D., Kurtulus Y.B., Ucar G, Determination of some traces metal levels in cheese samples packaged in plastic and tin containers by ICP-OES after dry, wet and microwave digestion. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011, 49: 202-207.
  • Queralt I., Ovejero M., Carvalho M.L., Marques A.F., Labres J.M., “Quantitative determination of essential and trace element content of medicinal plants and their infusions by XRF and ICP techniques”, X-ray Spectrometry. 2005, 34: 213–217.
  • Çiftçi H., Ölçücü A., “Determination of Iron, Copper, Cadmium and Zinc in Some Cigarette Brands in Turkey”, International Journal of Science&Technology. 2007, 2(1): 29-32.
  • Swami K., Judd C.D., Orsini J., ”Trace metals Analysis of legal and counterfeit cigarette tobacco samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry”, Spectrosc Lett. 2009, 42: 472-490.
  • Menden E.E., Elia V.J., Micheal L.W., Petering H.G., “Distribution of Cadmium and Nickel of Tobacco During Cigarette Smoking”, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6(9): 830-832.
  • Nrom I.C., Osibanjo, O., Oji-Nnorom, C. G. “Cadmium determination in cigarettes available in Nigeria”, African Journal of Biotechnology. 2005, 4(10): 1128-1132.

Maraş Otu ve Türkiye’de Satılan Farklı Sigara Markalarının Metal İçerik Analizleri

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 0 - 0, 31.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.289636

Abstract

Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye’ den temin edilen, el yapımı saf Maraş otu, meşe kömürü karıştırılmış Maraş
otu ve Türkiye’ de satılan on farklı sigara markasında, kalay (Sn), kurşun (Pb), alüminyum (Al), demir (Fe),
çinko (Zn), krom (Cr), nikel (Ni), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn), arsenik (As) ve civa (Hg) içerikleri indüktif
eşleşmiş plazma optik emisyon spektrometresi (ICP-OES) ile belirlendi. Bu analiz öncesinde tüm numuneler
mikrodalga fırın kullanılarak, teflon kaplar içerisinde parçalandı ve ultrasaf su uygun hacimlere seyreltildi ve
sonrasında ICP-OES ile analiz edildi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, sigara markaları temiz iken, saf Maraş otu,
meşe kömürü karıştırılmış Maraş otu içerisindeki Al, Mn, Cu, Zn v

References

  • Asma S., Mackay J.,, Song S.Y., Zhao L., Morton J.,, Palipudi K.M., Bettcher D., Bhatti L., Caixeta R., Chandora R., Dias R.C., Silva V.L.C., Fouad H., Hsia J., Husain M.J., McAfee T., Ramanandraibe N., Rarick J., Sinha D., Talley B., d’Espaignet E.T., “The GATS Atlas, Global Adult Tobacco Survey”, CDC Foundation, World Health Organisation, Word Lung Foundation, Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Preventation, UK, “2015”.
  • Schneider G., Krivan V., “Multi-elemental analysis of tobacco and smoke condensate by instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry”, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1993, 53: 87–100.
  • Ezzati M., Loprz A.D., “Estimates of global mortality attributed to smoking in 2000”, Lancet, 2003, 362: 847–852.
  • Lugon-Moulin N., Martin F., Krauss M.R., Ramey P.B., Rossi L., ”Cadmium concentration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from different countries and its relationship with other elements”, Chemosphere, 2006, 63: 1074–1086.
  • Angelova V., Ivanov K., Ivanova R., ”Effect of chemical forms of lead, cadmium and zinc in polluted soils on their uptake by tobacco”, J. Environ. Prot. Ecol., 2003, 4: 316–327.
  • Verma S., Yadav S., Singh I., “Trace metal concentration in different Indian tobacco products and related health implications”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010, 48: 2291–2297.
  • Frank M., “Industrial X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis-New Applications and Challenges for Cryogenic Detectors Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory”, 7. International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Munich, Germany, 1-7, (1997).
  • Erenmemisoglu A., Tekol Y., Kartal M., Kurucu S., “The use of a smokeless tobacco in our country Maraş powder”, 2nd International Symposium of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, 1-3, (1991).
  • Ozkul Y., Donmez H., Erenmemisoglu A., Demirtas H., Imamoglu N., “Induction of micronuclei by smokeless tobacco on buccal mucosa cells of habitual users”, Mutagenesis. 1997, 12 (4): 285–287.
  • Buyukbese M.A., Koksal N., Guven A., Cetinkaya A., “Effects of smokeless tobacco “Maraş powder” use on respiratory functions”, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2004, 204 (3): 173–178.
  • Aral M., Ekerbicer H.C., Celik M., Ciragil P., Gul M., “Comparison of Effects of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Maraş Powder Use on Humoral Immune System Parameters”, Mediators of Inflammation, 2006, 1–4.
  • Kılınç, M., Okur, E., Yıldırım, İ., Nanç, F., Kurutaş, E.B. “The investigation of the effect of Maraş powder (smokeless tobacco) on hematological parameters”, Turk J. Haematol. 2004, 21(3): 131-136.
  • Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Products, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks, European Commission, (2008).
  • Sogut O., Sayhan M.B., Ustundag M., Orak M., “Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation After SmokelessTobacco (Maraş Powder) Use”, J. Chin. Med. Assoc. 2009, 72 (5): 265-267.
  • Papastefanou C., “Radioactivity of Tobacco Leaves and Radiation Dose Induced from Smoking”, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2009, 6:558-567.
  • Hou X., Jones B.T., “Field instrumentation in atomic spectroscopy”, Microchem. J. 2000, 66: 115-145.
  • Martin T.D., “Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water By Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry”, EPA Method 200.5-1, (2003).
  • Bakircioglu D., Kurtulus Y.B., Ucar G, Determination of some traces metal levels in cheese samples packaged in plastic and tin containers by ICP-OES after dry, wet and microwave digestion. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011, 49: 202-207.
  • Queralt I., Ovejero M., Carvalho M.L., Marques A.F., Labres J.M., “Quantitative determination of essential and trace element content of medicinal plants and their infusions by XRF and ICP techniques”, X-ray Spectrometry. 2005, 34: 213–217.
  • Çiftçi H., Ölçücü A., “Determination of Iron, Copper, Cadmium and Zinc in Some Cigarette Brands in Turkey”, International Journal of Science&Technology. 2007, 2(1): 29-32.
  • Swami K., Judd C.D., Orsini J., ”Trace metals Analysis of legal and counterfeit cigarette tobacco samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry”, Spectrosc Lett. 2009, 42: 472-490.
  • Menden E.E., Elia V.J., Micheal L.W., Petering H.G., “Distribution of Cadmium and Nickel of Tobacco During Cigarette Smoking”, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6(9): 830-832.
  • Nrom I.C., Osibanjo, O., Oji-Nnorom, C. G. “Cadmium determination in cigarettes available in Nigeria”, African Journal of Biotechnology. 2005, 4(10): 1128-1132.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Serhan Urus

Ömer Söğüt

Publication Date January 31, 2017
Submission Date November 11, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE S. Urus and Ö. Söğüt, “Analysis of Metal Contents in Maraş Powder and Different Cigarette Brands in Turkey”, El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.31202/ecjse.289636.
Creative Commons License El-Cezeri is licensed to the public under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.
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