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The Effect of Hybridization on the Ballistic Impact Behavior of Nanostructured Hybrid Composite Plates

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 124 - 134, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.594734

Abstract

Hybrid composites are
the material group largely preferred for use in space, aerospace and ballistic
applications, where superior mechanical properties and low density are
required. Hybrid composites produced using high-strength Kevlar fiber and
S-glass fiber materials and nano particle added matrix in this study. Nineteen
combinations of hybrid composite materials were produced using three matrix
materials—nano-calcite, nano-clay and carbon nano-tube which have high-energy
absorption properties. To compare the ballistic test results of hybrid
composites, 1 control sample were tested. Nano particles were added into the
composites in the ratio of 0.5, 1 to 2 percent, corresponding to the ratios
that achieved the most desirable mechanical properties in other literature.
Deflections occurring at composites’ back surfaces were measured after tests
and evaluation of whether there would be perforation was done. As a result of
this study, was seen that ballistic strength positively affected with nano
particle addition and different stacking sequences of composite layers. In
hybrid composites produced by S-glass reinforcement, the weight decreased by
20% while the ballistic strength decreased significantly. It was found that
calcites adding hybrid composite plates at the front sites and clay added
plates at the back sites showed superior ballistic performance. It was observed
that the ballistic strength of hybrid composites increased with increasing
calcite ratio at the front sites.

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Project Number

114M762 Project

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for the financial support 114M762 Project

References

  • Randjbaran E., Zahari R., Jalil A., Aswan N., Majid A. A., Laila D., “Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with kevlar/carbon/glass woven fabrics for ballistic impact testing”, The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1-7.
  • Bandaru A. K., Vetiyatil L., Ahmad S., “The effect of hybridization on the ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composite armors”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015, 76, 300-319.
  • Pandya K. S., Pothnis J. R., Ravikumar G., Naik N. K., “Ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composites”, Materials & Design, 2013, 44:128-135.
  • Pol M.H., Liaghat G., “Investigation of the high velocity impact behavior of nanocomposites”, Polymer Composites, 2016, 37(4):1173-1179.
  • Jena P.K., Ramanjeneyulu K., Kumar K. S., Bhat T. B., “Ballistic studies on layered structures”, Materials & Design, 2009, 30(6):1922-1929.
  • Iqbal K., Khan S.U., Munir A., Kim J. K., “Impact damage resistance of CFRP with nanoclay-filled epoxy matrix”, Composites Science and Technology, 2009, 69(11-12):1949-1957.
  • Safri S. N. A., Sultan M. T. H., Jawaid M., Jayakrishna K., “Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 133:112-121.
  • Avila A. F., Soares M. I., Neto A. S., “A study on nanostructured laminated plates behavior under low-velocity impact loadings”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2007, 34(1):28-41.
  • Mahfuz H., Adnan A., Rangari V. K., Jeelani S., Jang B.Z., “Carbon nanoparticles/whiskers reinforced composites and their tensile response”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2004, 35(5):519-527.
  • Davies G.A.O., Zhang X., "Impact damage prediction in carbon composite structures", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1995, 16(1): 149-170.
  • Haque A., Shamsuzzoha, M., Hussain F., Dean D., "S2-glass/epoxy polymer nanocomposites: manufacturing, structures, thermal and mechanical properties", Journal of Composite Materials, 2004, 37(20):1821-1837.
  • Safri S.N.A., Sultan M.T.H., Jawaid M., Jayakrishna K., "Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review", Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 133:112-121.
  • Reis P.N.B., Santos P., Ferreira J.A.M., Richardson M.O.W., "Impact response of sandwich composites with nano-enhanced epoxy resin", Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2013, 32(12):898-906.
  • Grujicic M., Pandurangan B., Angstadt D.C., Koudela K.L., Cheeseman B.A., "Ballistic-performance optimization of a hybrid carbon-nanotube/E-glass reinforced poly-vinyl-ester-epoxy-matrix composite armor", Journal of Materials Science, 2007, 42(14):5347-5359.
  • Liu S., Wang J., Wang Y., Wang Y., "Improving the ballistic performance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced composites using conch particles", Materials & Design, 2010, 31(4):1711-1715.
  • Park J. H., Jana S. C., "Mechanism of exfoliation of nanoclay particles in epoxy− clay nanocomposites", Macromolecules, 2003, 36(8):2758-2768.
  • Chowdhury F.H., Hosur M.V., Jeelani S., "Studies on the flexural and thermomechanical properties of woven carbon/nanoclay-epoxy laminates", Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2006, 421(1-2):298-306.
  • Pekbey Y., Aslantaş K., Yumak N., "Ballistic impact response of Kevlar Composites with filled epoxy matrix", Steel and Composite Structures, 2017, 22(4):191-200.
  • Pol M.H., Liaghat G.H., Hajiarazi F., "Effect of nanoclay on ballistic behavior of woven fabric composites: Experimental investigation", Journal of Composite Materials, 2013, 47(13):1563-1573.
  • Luo J.J., Daniel I.M., "Characterization and modeling of mechanical behavior of polymer/clay nanocomposites", Composites Science and Technology, 2003, 63(11):1607-1616.
  • Xu X., Zhou Z., Hei Y., Zhang B., Bao J., Chen X., "Improving compression-after-impact performance of carbon–fiber composites by CNTs/thermoplastic hybrid film interlayer", Composites Science and Technology, 2014, 95:75-81.
  • Reis P.N.B., Ferreira J.A.M., Santos P., Richardson M. O.W., Santos J.B., "Impact response of Kevlar composites with filled epoxy matrix", Composite Structures, 2012, 94(12):3520-3528.
  • Young R.J., Beaumont P.W.R., "Failure of brittle polymers by slow crack growth", Journal of Materials Science, 1977, 12(4):684-692.
  • Fu S.Y., Lauke B., "Characterization of tensile behaviour of hybrid short glass fibre/calcite particle/ABS composites", Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 1998, 29(5-6):575-583.
  • Zhu Z.K., Yang Y., Yin J., Qi Z.N., "Preparation and properties of organosoluble polyimide/silica hybrid materials by sol–gel process", Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1999, 73(14):2977-2984.
  • Loos M.R., Abetz V., Schulte K., "Dissolution of MWCNTs by using polyoxadiazoles, and highly effective reinforcement of their composite films", Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2010, 48(22), 5172-5179.
  • Barai P., Weng G.J., "A theory of plasticity for carbon nanotube reinforced composites", International Journal of Plasticity, 2011, 27(4), 539-559.

Hibritleştirmenin Nano Takviyeli Hibrit Kompozit Plakaların Balistik Darbe Davranışlarına Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 124 - 134, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.594734

Abstract

Hibrit kompozitler, özellikle yüksek
mekanik özelliklere karşılık düşük yoğunluk istenen havacılık, uzay ve balistik
uygulanmalarda en çok tercih edilen malzeme çeşididir. Hibrit kompozitler bu
çalışmada, takviye malzemesi olarak, yüksek dayanımlı Kevlar fiber ve S-cam fiber
olarak kullanılmıştır. Matris olarak ise yüksek enerji emilimi sağlayan
sağlayan üç tip (nano-kalsit, nano-kil ve nano-karbon tüp) kullanılarak 19 farklı
kombinasyonda hibrit kompozit malzeme üretilmiştir. Hibrit kompozitlerin
balistik test sonuçlarını karşılaştırmak için 1 nano malzeme takviyesi olmayan
kontrol numunesi test edilmiştir. Nano-parçacıklar dolgu malzemeleri kompozit
malzeme içerisine 0,5, 1 ve % 2 oranlarında, literatürden elde edilen maksimum
mekanik özelliklere karşılık gelen optimum oranlarda katılmıştır. Testler
sonrası malzeme arka yüzeyinde meydana gelen çökme değerleri ölçülmüş ve
malzemede delinme olup olmama durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda,
nano parçaçık takviyesi yapılarak malzemenin balistik dayanımının
arttırılabileceği, sıralamanın değiştirilmesiyle birlikte balistik dayanımın
arttığı görülmüştür. S-glass eklenerek üretilen hibritlerde, ağırlık %20
oranında düşürülse de, balistik dayanım azalmıştır. Kalsit takviyeli plakaların
ön yüzeyde, kil takviyeli tabakaların arka yüzeyde olduğu durumda balistik
dayanım artmıştır. Kalsit miktarının arttırılmasıyla birlikte malzemenin
balistik dayanımı artmıştır. 

Project Number

114M762 Project

References

  • Randjbaran E., Zahari R., Jalil A., Aswan N., Majid A. A., Laila D., “Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with kevlar/carbon/glass woven fabrics for ballistic impact testing”, The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1-7.
  • Bandaru A. K., Vetiyatil L., Ahmad S., “The effect of hybridization on the ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composite armors”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015, 76, 300-319.
  • Pandya K. S., Pothnis J. R., Ravikumar G., Naik N. K., “Ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composites”, Materials & Design, 2013, 44:128-135.
  • Pol M.H., Liaghat G., “Investigation of the high velocity impact behavior of nanocomposites”, Polymer Composites, 2016, 37(4):1173-1179.
  • Jena P.K., Ramanjeneyulu K., Kumar K. S., Bhat T. B., “Ballistic studies on layered structures”, Materials & Design, 2009, 30(6):1922-1929.
  • Iqbal K., Khan S.U., Munir A., Kim J. K., “Impact damage resistance of CFRP with nanoclay-filled epoxy matrix”, Composites Science and Technology, 2009, 69(11-12):1949-1957.
  • Safri S. N. A., Sultan M. T. H., Jawaid M., Jayakrishna K., “Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 133:112-121.
  • Avila A. F., Soares M. I., Neto A. S., “A study on nanostructured laminated plates behavior under low-velocity impact loadings”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2007, 34(1):28-41.
  • Mahfuz H., Adnan A., Rangari V. K., Jeelani S., Jang B.Z., “Carbon nanoparticles/whiskers reinforced composites and their tensile response”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2004, 35(5):519-527.
  • Davies G.A.O., Zhang X., "Impact damage prediction in carbon composite structures", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1995, 16(1): 149-170.
  • Haque A., Shamsuzzoha, M., Hussain F., Dean D., "S2-glass/epoxy polymer nanocomposites: manufacturing, structures, thermal and mechanical properties", Journal of Composite Materials, 2004, 37(20):1821-1837.
  • Safri S.N.A., Sultan M.T.H., Jawaid M., Jayakrishna K., "Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review", Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 133:112-121.
  • Reis P.N.B., Santos P., Ferreira J.A.M., Richardson M.O.W., "Impact response of sandwich composites with nano-enhanced epoxy resin", Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2013, 32(12):898-906.
  • Grujicic M., Pandurangan B., Angstadt D.C., Koudela K.L., Cheeseman B.A., "Ballistic-performance optimization of a hybrid carbon-nanotube/E-glass reinforced poly-vinyl-ester-epoxy-matrix composite armor", Journal of Materials Science, 2007, 42(14):5347-5359.
  • Liu S., Wang J., Wang Y., Wang Y., "Improving the ballistic performance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced composites using conch particles", Materials & Design, 2010, 31(4):1711-1715.
  • Park J. H., Jana S. C., "Mechanism of exfoliation of nanoclay particles in epoxy− clay nanocomposites", Macromolecules, 2003, 36(8):2758-2768.
  • Chowdhury F.H., Hosur M.V., Jeelani S., "Studies on the flexural and thermomechanical properties of woven carbon/nanoclay-epoxy laminates", Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2006, 421(1-2):298-306.
  • Pekbey Y., Aslantaş K., Yumak N., "Ballistic impact response of Kevlar Composites with filled epoxy matrix", Steel and Composite Structures, 2017, 22(4):191-200.
  • Pol M.H., Liaghat G.H., Hajiarazi F., "Effect of nanoclay on ballistic behavior of woven fabric composites: Experimental investigation", Journal of Composite Materials, 2013, 47(13):1563-1573.
  • Luo J.J., Daniel I.M., "Characterization and modeling of mechanical behavior of polymer/clay nanocomposites", Composites Science and Technology, 2003, 63(11):1607-1616.
  • Xu X., Zhou Z., Hei Y., Zhang B., Bao J., Chen X., "Improving compression-after-impact performance of carbon–fiber composites by CNTs/thermoplastic hybrid film interlayer", Composites Science and Technology, 2014, 95:75-81.
  • Reis P.N.B., Ferreira J.A.M., Santos P., Richardson M. O.W., Santos J.B., "Impact response of Kevlar composites with filled epoxy matrix", Composite Structures, 2012, 94(12):3520-3528.
  • Young R.J., Beaumont P.W.R., "Failure of brittle polymers by slow crack growth", Journal of Materials Science, 1977, 12(4):684-692.
  • Fu S.Y., Lauke B., "Characterization of tensile behaviour of hybrid short glass fibre/calcite particle/ABS composites", Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 1998, 29(5-6):575-583.
  • Zhu Z.K., Yang Y., Yin J., Qi Z.N., "Preparation and properties of organosoluble polyimide/silica hybrid materials by sol–gel process", Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1999, 73(14):2977-2984.
  • Loos M.R., Abetz V., Schulte K., "Dissolution of MWCNTs by using polyoxadiazoles, and highly effective reinforcement of their composite films", Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2010, 48(22), 5172-5179.
  • Barai P., Weng G.J., "A theory of plasticity for carbon nanotube reinforced composites", International Journal of Plasticity, 2011, 27(4), 539-559.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Nihal Yumak 0000-0003-4492-7142

Kubilay Aslantaş This is me 0000-0003-4558-4516

Yeliz Pekbey This is me 0000-0003-4558-4516

Project Number 114M762 Project
Publication Date January 31, 2020
Submission Date July 26, 2019
Acceptance Date December 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE N. Yumak, K. Aslantaş, and Y. Pekbey, “The Effect of Hybridization on the Ballistic Impact Behavior of Nanostructured Hybrid Composite Plates”, El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 124–134, 2020, doi: 10.31202/ecjse.594734.
Creative Commons License El-Cezeri is licensed to the public under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.
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