Research Article

De Gaulle and France's NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis

Number: 7 September 5, 2026
EN TR

De Gaulle and France's NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis

Abstract

The withdrawal of France from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) integrated military command in 1966 caused a major crisis in the Atlantic alliance. A conventional reading of this would be the rejection of the solidarity of the West, a rejection that was done in a rather crude way. This paper questions that idea and suggests that French President Charles de Gaulle's withdrawal was a carefully thought-out foreign policy move aimed at asserting French sovereignty and again re-establishing Europe's great-power status in the bipolar world of the Cold War. De Gaulle saw integration as a dependence on the United States of America, given the two main reasons: national independence and "grandeur". He was trying to break up French military integration so as to upset American dominance in European strategic policy and bring the alliance up from a system of hierarchical dependency to a system of equality, through unilateral action. Moreover, this approach did not occur in isolation, but had a strong impact on the superpowers and the minor nations of NATO, who saw the protection of America as not quite as oppressive as French domination. Through the use of the "elevator" approach – that he could assert French autonomy without total exposure, using the American security umbrella – de Gaulle wanted not to break up the Atlantic alliance, but to build a "European Europe" that would be capable of action on its own. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of Gaullist foreign policy in the scope of France-NATO affairs and its application to the question of alliance cohesion in the midst of the Cold War.

Keywords

References

  1. Baum, M. (1990). Two's a Company, Three's a Crowd: The Eisenhower Administration, France, and Nuclear Weapons. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 20 (Spring 1990), 315-16.
  2. Bergh, A. (1991). Norway and the 1966 NATO Crisis. Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies.
  3. Bozo, F. (2000). Two Strategies for Europe: De Gaulle, the United States, and the Atlantic Alliance (S. Emanuel, Trans.). Rowman & Littlefield.
  4. Costigliola, F. (1984). The Failed Design: Kennedy, de Gaulle, and the Struggle for Europe. Diplomatic History, 8(3), 227–251.
  5. Costigliola, F. (1995). Kennedy, the European Allies, and the failure to consult. Political Science Quarterly, 110(1), 105–123.
  6. Furniss, E. S. (1961). De Gaulle's France. Foreign Policy Association.
  7. Hoffmann, S. (1964). De Gaulle, Europe, and the Atlantic Alliance. International Organization, 18(1), 1–28.
  8. Kertesz, S. D. (1966). NATO's Disarray and Europe's Future. The Review of Politics, 28(1), 3–18.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

European Studies

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 5, 2026

Submission Date

June 1, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 4, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 7

APA
Hanağası, U. B. (2026). De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 60-68. https://izlik.org/JA37UE24LD
AMA
1.Hanağası UB. De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;(7):60-68. https://izlik.org/JA37UE24LD
Chicago
Hanağası, Uğur Baran. 2026. “De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis”. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, nos. 7: 60-68. https://izlik.org/JA37UE24LD.
EndNote
Hanağası UB (September 1, 2026) De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 7 60–68.
IEEE
[1]U. B. Hanağası, “De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis”, Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 7, pp. 60–68, Sept. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA37UE24LD
ISNAD
Hanağası, Uğur Baran. “De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis”. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 7 (September 1, 2026): 60-68. https://izlik.org/JA37UE24LD.
JAMA
1.Hanağası UB. De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;:60–68.
MLA
Hanağası, Uğur Baran. “De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis”. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 7, Sept. 2026, pp. 60-68, https://izlik.org/JA37UE24LD.
Vancouver
1.Uğur Baran Hanağası. De Gaulle and France’s NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis. Evliya Çelebi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 1;(7):60-8. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA37UE24LD