De Gaulle and France's NATO Withdrawal: A Strategic Analysis
Öz
The withdrawal of France from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) integrated military command in 1966 caused a major crisis in the Atlantic alliance. A conventional reading of this would be the rejection of the solidarity of the West, a rejection that was done in a rather crude way. This paper questions that idea and suggests that French President Charles de Gaulle's withdrawal was a carefully thought-out foreign policy move aimed at asserting French sovereignty and again re-establishing Europe's great-power status in the bipolar world of the Cold War. De Gaulle saw integration as a dependence on the United States of America, given the two main reasons: national independence and "grandeur". He was trying to break up French military integration so as to upset American dominance in European strategic policy and bring the alliance up from a system of hierarchical dependency to a system of equality, through unilateral action. Moreover, this approach did not occur in isolation, but had a strong impact on the superpowers and the minor nations of NATO, who saw the protection of America as not quite as oppressive as French domination. Through the use of the "elevator" approach – that he could assert French autonomy without total exposure, using the American security umbrella – de Gaulle wanted not to break up the Atlantic alliance, but to build a "European Europe" that would be capable of action on its own. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of Gaullist foreign policy in the scope of France-NATO affairs and its application to the question of alliance cohesion in the midst of the Cold War.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Baum, M. (1990). Two's a Company, Three's a Crowd: The Eisenhower Administration, France, and Nuclear Weapons. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 20 (Spring 1990), 315-16.
- Bergh, A. (1991). Norway and the 1966 NATO Crisis. Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies.
- Bozo, F. (2000). Two Strategies for Europe: De Gaulle, the United States, and the Atlantic Alliance (S. Emanuel, Trans.). Rowman & Littlefield.
- Costigliola, F. (1984). The Failed Design: Kennedy, de Gaulle, and the Struggle for Europe. Diplomatic History, 8(3), 227–251.
- Costigliola, F. (1995). Kennedy, the European Allies, and the failure to consult. Political Science Quarterly, 110(1), 105–123.
- Furniss, E. S. (1961). De Gaulle's France. Foreign Policy Association.
- Hoffmann, S. (1964). De Gaulle, Europe, and the Atlantic Alliance. International Organization, 18(1), 1–28.
- Kertesz, S. D. (1966). NATO's Disarray and Europe's Future. The Review of Politics, 28(1), 3–18.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Avrupa Çalışmaları
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
5 Eylül 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
1 Haziran 2026
Kabul Tarihi
4 Eylül 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Sayı: 7