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Okul Psikolojik Danışmanlığında Manevi İyi Oluşun Kullanımı: Tarihsel Gelişim, Kuramsal Temeller ve Öneriler

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 20, 30.12.2020

Abstract

Maneviyat insan yaşamına anlam veren önemli bir kavramdır. Yaşam
döngüsünde bireyin karşılaştığı zorluklarla baş etmesini kolaylaştıran bu
kavram psikolojide yirminci yüzyılın başlarından itibaren ele alınmaktadır. Varoluşçu
psikolojik danışmada anlam arayışının bir parçası olarak değerlendirilen
maneviyat pozitif psikolojinin önemli başlıklarından olan psikolojik iyi oluşla
birleştiğinde ortaya manevi iyi oluş kavramı çıkmaktadır. Bireyin kendisi,
çevresi ve toplumuyla olan ilişkilerini güçlendiren manevi iyi oluş yerli alan
yazında oldukça yeni bir kavramdır. Geçtiğimiz yıllarda psikolojik danışma ve
rehberlik alanında yeni yapılan düzenlemelerle lisans eğitimine manevi
rehberlik dersi eklenmiştir. Özellikle manevi rehberliğe yönelik çalışmaların
güçlendirilmesi amacıyla pozitif psikoloji ve maneviyatın kesiminde yer alan
manevi iyi oluşa yönelik kuramsal açıklamaların oluşturulması önemlidir. Bu
çalışmada manevi iyi oluş kavramının ortaya çıkışını ve günümüzde psikolojik
danışmada nasıl kullanıldığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle
maneviyat, maneviyatın ruh sağlığındaki önemi, pozitif psikolojide psikolojik
iyi oluş ve son olarak da manevi iyi oluş kavramı ele alınarak tarihsel
gelişimiyle ilgili bir çerçeve çizilmesi sağlanmıştır. Ölüm ya da ölümcül bir
hastalıkla karşılaşan bireylerde sıklıkla hastane ortamında ele alınan manevi
iyi oluş kavramının okul psikolojik danışmanlarınca nasıl kullanılabileceğine
yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

  • Allen, J.M. & Coy, D.R. (2004). Linking spirituality and violence prevention in school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 351-355. American School Counselor Association (2016). ASCA ethical standards for school counselors. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • American School Counselor Association (2019). ASCA school counselor professional standards and competencies. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • Bostancı Daştan, N. ve Buzlu, S. (2010). Meme kanseri hastalarında maneviyatın etkileri ve manevi bakım. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 3(1), 73-78.
  • Briggs, M.K., Akos, P., Czyszczon, G. & Eldridge, A. (2011). Assessing and promoting spiritual wellness as a protective factor in secondary schools. Counseling and Values, 5, 171-184.
  • Cashwell, C.S., Young, J.S., Cashwell, T.H. & Belaire, C. (2001). The inclusion of spiritual process in counseling and perceived counselor effectiveness. Counseling and Values, 45, 145-153.
  • Chandler, C.K., Holden, C.M. & Kolander, C.A. (1992). Counseling for spiritual wellness: Theory and practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 168-175.Conn, J. W. & Conn, W. E. (1990). Christian spiritual growth and developmental psychology. The Way, 69, 3-14.
  • Dierendonck. D. (2005). The construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 629-643.
  • D’Souza, R.F. & Rodrigo, A. (2002). Spiritually augmented cognitive behavioural therapy. Australasian Psychiatry, 12(2), 148-152.De Souza, M. (2003). Contemporary influences on the spirituality of young people: Implications for education. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 8(3), 269-279.
  • Duffy, R.D. & Blustein, D.L. (2005). The relationship between spirituality, religiousness, and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 429-440.
  • Ekşi, H., Boyalı, C. ve Ümmet, D. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının spiritüel iyi oluş ile yaşamda anlam değişkenlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı yordaması: Bir yapısal eşitlik modeli (yem) denemesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(4), 1695-1704.
  • Ekşi, H., Takmaz, Z. ve Kardaş, S. (2016). Spirituality in psychotherapy settings: A phenomenological inquiry into the experiences of Turkish health professionals. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 1, 89-108.
  • Elkind, D. (1970). The origins of religion in the child. Review of Religious Research, 12(1), 35-42.
  • Ellison, C.W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330-338.
  • Ellison, C.G. & Fan, D. (2008). Daily spiritual experiences and psychological well-being among US adults. Soc Indic Res, 88, 247-271.
  • Fehring, R.J., Brennan, P.F. & Keller, M.L. (1987). Psychological and spiritual well-being in college students. Research in Nursing and Health. 10, 391-398.Frankl, V.E. (2009). İnsanın anlam arayışı. (Çev. S. Budak). İstanbul: Okuyan Us. (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1984).
  • Frus, C. (1996). Jung in spirit. Undergraduate Review, 9(1), 1-18.
  • Fuller, R.C. (1982). Carl Rogers, religion, and the role of psychology in American culture. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 22, 21-32.
  • Hanna, F.J. & Green, A. (2004). Asian shades of spirituality: Implications for multicultural school counseling. Special Issue: Spirituality and school Counseling, 7(5), 326-333.
  • Hanus, P.H. (1911). Vocational guidance and public education. The School Review, 19(1), 51-56.
  • Hattie, J. A., Myers, J. E. & Sweeney, T. J. (2004). A factor structure of wellness: Theory, assessment, analysis, and practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(3), 354-364.
  • Holder, M.D., Coleman, B. & Wallace, J.M. (2010). Spirituality, religiousness, and happiness in children aged 8-12 years. J Happiness Stud, 11, 131-150.
  • Ingersoll, E. & Bauer, A.L. (2004). An Integral approach to spiritual wellness in school counseling settings. Special issue: Spirituality and School Counseling, 7(5), 301-308.
  • Jafari, E., Dehshirib, G.R., Eskandarib, H., Najafic, M., Heshmatid R. & Hoseinifar, J. (2010). Spiritual well-being and mental health in university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1477-1481.
  • James, W. (1961). The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Jung, C.J. (1933). Modern man in search of a soul. (ss. 200-225). New York: Harcourt Brace.
  • Jung, C. J. (1964). Man and his symbols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
  • Kaczorowzky, J.M. (1989). Spiritual well-being and anxiety in adults diagnosed with cancer. The Hospice Journal, 5(3-4), 105-116.
  • Kamya, H.A. (2000). Hardiness and spiritual well-being among social work students: Implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(2), 231-240.
  • Kaplan, D.M., Tarvydas, V.M. & Gladding, S.T. (2014). 20/20: A vision for the future of counseling: The new consensus definition of counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92, 366-372.
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2017). Psikolojik danışma süreci ve maneviyat: Bir bütünleştirme arayışı. Hikmet Yurdu, 1(19), 141-157.
  • Kocaman Yıldırım, N., Kaçmaz, N. ve Özkan, M. (2013). İleri evre kanser hastalarının karşılanmamış bakım gereksinimleri. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 4(3), 153-158.Lambie, G.W., Davis, K.M. & Miller, G. (2008). Spirituality: Implications for professional school counselors’ ethical practice. Counseling and Values, 52, 211-223.
  • Lerner, R. M., Alberts, A. E., Anderson, P. M. & Dowling, E. M. (2005). The promotion of positive youth development. E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. Wagener & P. L. Benson (Ed.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence in (ss. 60-72). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Lin, H.R. & Bauer-Wu, S. (2003). Psycho-spiritual well-being in patients with advanced cancer: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(1), 69-80.
  • Lips-Wiersma, M. (2002). The influence of spiritual “meaning‐making” on career behavior. Journal of Management Development, 21(7), 497-520.
  • Mack, L.Y. (1994). Understanding spirituality in counseling psychology: Considerations for research, training, and practice. Counseling and Values, 39, 15-31.
  • Magaldi-Dopman, D. & Park-Taylor, J. (2010). Sacred adolescence: Practical suggestions for psychologists working with adolescents’ religious and spiritual identity. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 382-390.
  • Martsolf, D. S. & Mickley, J. R. (1998), The concept of spirituality in nursing theories: Differing world-views and extent of focus. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 294-303.
  • Maslow, A. H. (1993). The farther reaches of human nature. New York, NY: Penguin/Arkana.
  • Miller, D. N. & Nickerson, A. B. (2007). Changing the past, present, and future: Potential applications of positive psychology in school-based psychotherapy with children and youth. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 24, 147-162.
  • Moberg, D.O. (2002) Assessing and measuring spirituality: Confronting dilemmas of universal and particular evaluative criteria. Journal of Adult Development, 9(1), 47-60.Moberg, D.O. (2010). Spirituality research: Measuring the immeasurable? Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 62(2), 99-114.
  • Morrison, J.Q., Clutter, S.M., Pritchett M. & Demmit, A. (2009). Perceptions of clients and counseling professionals regarding spirituality in counseling. Counseling and Values. 53, 183-194.
  • Myers, J. E. & Sweeney, T. J. (2004). The indivisible self: An evidence-based model of wellness. Journal of Individual Psychology, 60(3), 234-245.
  • Myers, J. E. & Sweeney, T. J. (2007). Wellness in counseling: An overview. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. 1-2.
  • National Interfaith Coalition on Aging (NICA). (1975). Spiritual well-being: A definition. Athens, GA: NICA.
  • O’Connor, M., Guilfoyle, A., Breen, L., Mukhardt, F. & Fisher C. (2007) Relationships between quality of life, spiritual well-being, and psychological adjustment styles for people living with leukaemia: An exploratory study. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(6), 631-647.
  • Okan, N. ve Ekşi, H. (2017). Spirituality in logotherapy. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2, 143 164.
  • Özdemir Kemahlı, P. (2017). Jung terapisinde maneviyat. H. Ekşi (Ed.), Psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışmada maneviyat kuramlar ve uygulamalar içinde (ss. 55-83). İstanbul: Kaknüs Psikoloji.
  • Pargament, K.I. (2007). Spirituality integrated psychotherapy: Understanding and addressing the sacred. An orientation to spiritually integrated psychotherapy (ss. 175-200). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Powers, R. (2005). Counseling and spirituality: A historical review. Counseling and Values, 49, 215-227.
  • Piedmont, R.L. (1995). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five‐factor model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985-1113.Rapheal, J. & Paul. V. (2013). Spiritual correlates of psychological well-being. Indian Streams Research Journal, 3(7), 1-7.
  • Rasmussen, C.H. & Johnson, M.E. (1994). Spirituality and religiosity: Relative relationships to death anxiety. Omega, 29(4), 313-318.
  • Rosmarin, D.H., Pirutinsky, S., Auerbach, R.P., Björgvinsson, T., Bigda Peyton, J., Andersson, G., Pargament, K.I. & Krumrei, E.J. (2011). Incorporating spiritual beliefs into a cognitive model of worry. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(7), 691-700.
  • Ruth Mickley, J., Soeken, K. & Anne Belcher, A. (1992). Spiritual well-being, religiousness and hope among women with breast cancer. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 24(4), 267-272.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99-104.
  • Ryff, C. D. & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
  • Sawatzky, R., Ratner, P.A. & Chiu, L. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between spirituality and quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 72, 153-188.
  • Seaward, B. L. (1991). Spiritual wellbeing: A health education model. Journal of Health Education, 22(3), 166-169.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment (ss. 5-14). New York: Free Press. Seligman, M.E.P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
  • Shek, D.T.L. (2012). Spirituality as a positive youth development construct: A conceptual review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-8.
  • Sheldon, K.M. & King, S.L. (2010). Why positive psychology is necessary. American Psychologist, 56(3), 216-217.
  • Sink, C.A. (2004). Spirituality and comprehensive school counseling programs. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 309-317.
  • Sink, C.A. & Devlin, J.M. (2011). Student spirituality and school counseling: Issues, opportunities, and challenges. Counseling and Values, 55, 130-148.
  • Springer, K.W. & Hauser, R.M. (2006). An assessment of the construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being: Method, mode, and measurement effects. Social Science Research, 35, 1080-1102.
  • Stanard, R. P., Sandhu, D. S. & Painter, L.C. (2000). Assessment of spirituality in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 204-210.
  • Steger, M.F. (2012). Experiencing meaning in life: Optimal functioning at the nexus of wellbeing, psychopathology, and spirituality. P.T.P. Wong (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications in (2. bs., ss. 165-184). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Summermatter, A. & Kaya, Ç. (2017). An overview of spiritually oriented cognitive behavioral therapy. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 31-53.
  • Sweeney, T. J. & Witmer, J. M. (1991). Beyond social interest: Striving toward optimal health and wellness. Individual Psychology, 47, 527-540.
  • Visser, A., Garssen, B. & Vingerhoets, A. (2010). Spirituality and well-being in cancer patients: A review. Psycho-Oncology, 19, 565-572.
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Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 20, 30.12.2020

Abstract

References

  • Allen, J.M. & Coy, D.R. (2004). Linking spirituality and violence prevention in school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 351-355. American School Counselor Association (2016). ASCA ethical standards for school counselors. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • American School Counselor Association (2019). ASCA school counselor professional standards and competencies. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • Bostancı Daştan, N. ve Buzlu, S. (2010). Meme kanseri hastalarında maneviyatın etkileri ve manevi bakım. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 3(1), 73-78.
  • Briggs, M.K., Akos, P., Czyszczon, G. & Eldridge, A. (2011). Assessing and promoting spiritual wellness as a protective factor in secondary schools. Counseling and Values, 5, 171-184.
  • Cashwell, C.S., Young, J.S., Cashwell, T.H. & Belaire, C. (2001). The inclusion of spiritual process in counseling and perceived counselor effectiveness. Counseling and Values, 45, 145-153.
  • Chandler, C.K., Holden, C.M. & Kolander, C.A. (1992). Counseling for spiritual wellness: Theory and practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 168-175.Conn, J. W. & Conn, W. E. (1990). Christian spiritual growth and developmental psychology. The Way, 69, 3-14.
  • Dierendonck. D. (2005). The construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 629-643.
  • D’Souza, R.F. & Rodrigo, A. (2002). Spiritually augmented cognitive behavioural therapy. Australasian Psychiatry, 12(2), 148-152.De Souza, M. (2003). Contemporary influences on the spirituality of young people: Implications for education. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 8(3), 269-279.
  • Duffy, R.D. & Blustein, D.L. (2005). The relationship between spirituality, religiousness, and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 429-440.
  • Ekşi, H., Boyalı, C. ve Ümmet, D. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının spiritüel iyi oluş ile yaşamda anlam değişkenlerinin psikolojik dayanıklılığı yordaması: Bir yapısal eşitlik modeli (yem) denemesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(4), 1695-1704.
  • Ekşi, H., Takmaz, Z. ve Kardaş, S. (2016). Spirituality in psychotherapy settings: A phenomenological inquiry into the experiences of Turkish health professionals. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 1, 89-108.
  • Elkind, D. (1970). The origins of religion in the child. Review of Religious Research, 12(1), 35-42.
  • Ellison, C.W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330-338.
  • Ellison, C.G. & Fan, D. (2008). Daily spiritual experiences and psychological well-being among US adults. Soc Indic Res, 88, 247-271.
  • Fehring, R.J., Brennan, P.F. & Keller, M.L. (1987). Psychological and spiritual well-being in college students. Research in Nursing and Health. 10, 391-398.Frankl, V.E. (2009). İnsanın anlam arayışı. (Çev. S. Budak). İstanbul: Okuyan Us. (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1984).
  • Frus, C. (1996). Jung in spirit. Undergraduate Review, 9(1), 1-18.
  • Fuller, R.C. (1982). Carl Rogers, religion, and the role of psychology in American culture. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 22, 21-32.
  • Hanna, F.J. & Green, A. (2004). Asian shades of spirituality: Implications for multicultural school counseling. Special Issue: Spirituality and school Counseling, 7(5), 326-333.
  • Hanus, P.H. (1911). Vocational guidance and public education. The School Review, 19(1), 51-56.
  • Hattie, J. A., Myers, J. E. & Sweeney, T. J. (2004). A factor structure of wellness: Theory, assessment, analysis, and practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(3), 354-364.
  • Holder, M.D., Coleman, B. & Wallace, J.M. (2010). Spirituality, religiousness, and happiness in children aged 8-12 years. J Happiness Stud, 11, 131-150.
  • Ingersoll, E. & Bauer, A.L. (2004). An Integral approach to spiritual wellness in school counseling settings. Special issue: Spirituality and School Counseling, 7(5), 301-308.
  • Jafari, E., Dehshirib, G.R., Eskandarib, H., Najafic, M., Heshmatid R. & Hoseinifar, J. (2010). Spiritual well-being and mental health in university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1477-1481.
  • James, W. (1961). The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Jung, C.J. (1933). Modern man in search of a soul. (ss. 200-225). New York: Harcourt Brace.
  • Jung, C. J. (1964). Man and his symbols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
  • Kaczorowzky, J.M. (1989). Spiritual well-being and anxiety in adults diagnosed with cancer. The Hospice Journal, 5(3-4), 105-116.
  • Kamya, H.A. (2000). Hardiness and spiritual well-being among social work students: Implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(2), 231-240.
  • Kaplan, D.M., Tarvydas, V.M. & Gladding, S.T. (2014). 20/20: A vision for the future of counseling: The new consensus definition of counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92, 366-372.
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2017). Psikolojik danışma süreci ve maneviyat: Bir bütünleştirme arayışı. Hikmet Yurdu, 1(19), 141-157.
  • Kocaman Yıldırım, N., Kaçmaz, N. ve Özkan, M. (2013). İleri evre kanser hastalarının karşılanmamış bakım gereksinimleri. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 4(3), 153-158.Lambie, G.W., Davis, K.M. & Miller, G. (2008). Spirituality: Implications for professional school counselors’ ethical practice. Counseling and Values, 52, 211-223.
  • Lerner, R. M., Alberts, A. E., Anderson, P. M. & Dowling, E. M. (2005). The promotion of positive youth development. E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. Wagener & P. L. Benson (Ed.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence in (ss. 60-72). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Lin, H.R. & Bauer-Wu, S. (2003). Psycho-spiritual well-being in patients with advanced cancer: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(1), 69-80.
  • Lips-Wiersma, M. (2002). The influence of spiritual “meaning‐making” on career behavior. Journal of Management Development, 21(7), 497-520.
  • Mack, L.Y. (1994). Understanding spirituality in counseling psychology: Considerations for research, training, and practice. Counseling and Values, 39, 15-31.
  • Magaldi-Dopman, D. & Park-Taylor, J. (2010). Sacred adolescence: Practical suggestions for psychologists working with adolescents’ religious and spiritual identity. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 382-390.
  • Martsolf, D. S. & Mickley, J. R. (1998), The concept of spirituality in nursing theories: Differing world-views and extent of focus. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 294-303.
  • Maslow, A. H. (1993). The farther reaches of human nature. New York, NY: Penguin/Arkana.
  • Miller, D. N. & Nickerson, A. B. (2007). Changing the past, present, and future: Potential applications of positive psychology in school-based psychotherapy with children and youth. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 24, 147-162.
  • Moberg, D.O. (2002) Assessing and measuring spirituality: Confronting dilemmas of universal and particular evaluative criteria. Journal of Adult Development, 9(1), 47-60.Moberg, D.O. (2010). Spirituality research: Measuring the immeasurable? Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 62(2), 99-114.
  • Morrison, J.Q., Clutter, S.M., Pritchett M. & Demmit, A. (2009). Perceptions of clients and counseling professionals regarding spirituality in counseling. Counseling and Values. 53, 183-194.
  • Myers, J. E. & Sweeney, T. J. (2004). The indivisible self: An evidence-based model of wellness. Journal of Individual Psychology, 60(3), 234-245.
  • Myers, J. E. & Sweeney, T. J. (2007). Wellness in counseling: An overview. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. 1-2.
  • National Interfaith Coalition on Aging (NICA). (1975). Spiritual well-being: A definition. Athens, GA: NICA.
  • O’Connor, M., Guilfoyle, A., Breen, L., Mukhardt, F. & Fisher C. (2007) Relationships between quality of life, spiritual well-being, and psychological adjustment styles for people living with leukaemia: An exploratory study. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(6), 631-647.
  • Okan, N. ve Ekşi, H. (2017). Spirituality in logotherapy. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2, 143 164.
  • Özdemir Kemahlı, P. (2017). Jung terapisinde maneviyat. H. Ekşi (Ed.), Psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışmada maneviyat kuramlar ve uygulamalar içinde (ss. 55-83). İstanbul: Kaknüs Psikoloji.
  • Pargament, K.I. (2007). Spirituality integrated psychotherapy: Understanding and addressing the sacred. An orientation to spiritually integrated psychotherapy (ss. 175-200). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Powers, R. (2005). Counseling and spirituality: A historical review. Counseling and Values, 49, 215-227.
  • Piedmont, R.L. (1995). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five‐factor model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985-1113.Rapheal, J. & Paul. V. (2013). Spiritual correlates of psychological well-being. Indian Streams Research Journal, 3(7), 1-7.
  • Rasmussen, C.H. & Johnson, M.E. (1994). Spirituality and religiosity: Relative relationships to death anxiety. Omega, 29(4), 313-318.
  • Rosmarin, D.H., Pirutinsky, S., Auerbach, R.P., Björgvinsson, T., Bigda Peyton, J., Andersson, G., Pargament, K.I. & Krumrei, E.J. (2011). Incorporating spiritual beliefs into a cognitive model of worry. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(7), 691-700.
  • Ruth Mickley, J., Soeken, K. & Anne Belcher, A. (1992). Spiritual well-being, religiousness and hope among women with breast cancer. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 24(4), 267-272.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99-104.
  • Ryff, C. D. & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
  • Sawatzky, R., Ratner, P.A. & Chiu, L. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between spirituality and quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 72, 153-188.
  • Seaward, B. L. (1991). Spiritual wellbeing: A health education model. Journal of Health Education, 22(3), 166-169.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment (ss. 5-14). New York: Free Press. Seligman, M.E.P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
  • Shek, D.T.L. (2012). Spirituality as a positive youth development construct: A conceptual review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-8.
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There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Büşra Tunç 0000-0001-7245-0033

Tarık Totan 0000-0001-8859-3338

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Submission Date November 25, 2019
Acceptance Date April 27, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tunç, B., & Totan, T. (2020). Okul Psikolojik Danışmanlığında Manevi İyi Oluşun Kullanımı: Tarihsel Gelişim, Kuramsal Temeller ve Öneriler. Ege Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 1-20.