Sanatla Terapi Programının Üniversite Sınavına Hazırlanan Öğrencilerin Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Belirti Düzeylerine Etkililiği
Year 2017,
Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 311 - 344, 07.07.2017
Volkan Demir
,
Burcu Yıldırım
Abstract
Bu araştırma, sanatla terapi programının lise
öğrencilerinin depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri üzerine etkisini
araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu yaşları 17-18
arasında değişen 7 kız, 2 erkek olmak üzere 9 lise son sınıf öğrencisi
oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak katılımcıların depresif belirti
düzeylerini belirlemek amacı ile “Beck Depresyon Envanteri”, anksiyete belirti
düzeylerini belirlemek amacı ile “Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği” ve stres düzeylerini
belirlemek amacıyla ise “Algılanan Stres Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ön test
ölçümünün ardından çalışma grubunda yer alan öğrencilere 8 oturumdan oluşan 150
dakika süren bir programı uygulanmıştır. Uygulamaların bitiminden sonra aynı
ölçme aracı son test olarak tekrar uygulanmıştır. Tek grup öntest - sontest kontrol grupsuz desenin
kullanıldığı çalışmada veriler; Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıra Testi ile çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler
katılımcıların depresif ve anksiyete belirti düzeylerini azaltmada etkili
olduğu, stres düzeylerini azaltmada etkili olmadığı bulunmuştur.
References
- Akhan, L.U. (2012). Psikopatolojik sanat ve psikiyatrik tedavide sanatın kullanılışı. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 2(2), 132- 135.
- Appleton, V. (2001). Avenues of hope: Art therapy and the resolution of trauma. Art Therapy, 18(1), 6-13.
- Aydın, B. (2012). Tıbbi Sanat Terapisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(1), 69-83.
- Bar-Sela, G., Atid, L., Danos, S., Gabay, N., & Epelbaum, R. (2007). Art therapy improved depression and influenced fatigue levels in cancer patients on chemotherapy. Psychooncology, 16, 980-984.
- Barsky, A. J., Goodson, J. D., Lane, R. S., & Cleary, P. D. (1988). The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50(5), 510-519.
- Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893.
- Beck, A. T., Ward, C., & Mendelson, M. (1961). Beck depression inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.
- Bilge, A., Öğce, F., Genç, R. E., & Oran, N. T. (2009). Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ)’nin Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik uygunluğu. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 61.
- Blacker, C. V., & Clare, A. W. (1987). Depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 737-751.
- Bridges, K. W., & Goldberg, D. P. (1985). Somatic presentation of DSM III psychiatric disorders in primary care. Journal of psychosomatic research, 29(6), 563-569.
- Canat, S. (1997). Ergenlerde depresyon. Ergenlikte Ruhsal Sorunlara Yaklaşım, 469-472.
- Capacchione, L. (2012). Sanat terapisiyle iyileşmek. Kaknüs yayınları: İstanbul.
- Case, C., & Dalley, T. (2014). The handbook of art therapy. Routledge.
- Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 385-396.
- Collie, K., Bottorff, J. L., & Long, B. C. (2006). A narrative view of art therapy and art making by women with breast cancer. Journal of Health Psychology, 11(5), 761-775.
- Coşkun, S., Yıldız, Ö., & Yazıcı, A. (2010). Psikiyatrik Rehabilitasyonda Fotoğrafın Kullanımı: Bir Ön Proje. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 1(3):121-127
- Demir, V. (2016). Dışavurumcu Sanat Terapisinin Psikolojik Belirtiler İle Bilişsel İşlevlere Etkisi. Sanatla Terapi ve Yaratıcılık Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri.
- Dilawari, K., & Tripathi, N. (2014). Art therapy: A creative and expressive process, Indian Journal of Pozitive Psychology, 5(1), 81-85
- Doğan, T. (1999). Başkent Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Stresle Başa Çıkma Stratejilerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
- Duran-Oğuz, N. (2006). Wellness among Turkish University Students: Investigating the Construct and Testing the Effectiveness of an Art-based Wellness Program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- Edwards, D. (2014). Art therapy. Sage.
- Ergene, T., & Yıldırım, İ. (2004). Üniversite adaylarında depresyon düzeyleri. Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi, 12(2), 91-100.
- Geue, K.L., Goetze, H., Buttstaedt, M., Kleinert E., Richter, D., & Singer S. (2010). An overview of art therapy interventions for cancer patients and the results of research, Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 18(3-4), 160-170
- Graham, J. (1994). The art of emotionally disturbed adolescents: Designing a drawing program to adress violent imagery. American Journal of Art Therapy, 32(4), 115-122.
- Gussak, D. (2007). The effectiveness of art therapy in reducing depression in prison populations. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51(4), 444-460.
- Güney, M. (1998). Ergenlik dönemi depresyonları. Psikiyatri Dünyası, 2, 41-44.
- Hisli, N. (1988). Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Psikoloji dergisi, 6(22), 118-122.
- Hutto, M. D., & Thompson, A. R. (1995). Counseling College Students with Visual Impairments in Preparation for Employment. RE: view, 27(1), 29-35.
- Karasar, N. (2004). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Killick, K. (1993). Working With Psychotic Processes in Art Therapy. Psychonalytic Psychotherapy, 7(1), 25-38.
- Kim, S., & Ki, J. (2014). A case study on the effects of the creative art therapy with stretching and walking meditation—Focusing on the improvement of emotional expression and alleviation of somatisation symptoms in a neurasthenic adolescent. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(1), 71-78.
- Liebmann, M. (2004). Art therapy for groups: A handbook of themes and exercises. Psychology Press.
- Linesch, D.G. (1988). Adolescent art therapy. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.
- Lowe, P. A., Lee, S. W., Witteborg, K. M., Prichard, K. W., Luhr, M. E., Cullinan, C. M., ... & Janik, M. (2008). The Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents (TAICA) examination of the psychometric properties of a new multidimensional measure of test anxiety among elementary and secondary school students. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 26(3), 215-230.
- Luzzatto, P., & Gabriel, B. (2000). The creative journey: A model for short-term group art therapy with posttreatment cancer patients. Art Therapy, 17(4), 265-269.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (2003). Expressive arts therapy and multimodal approaches. Handbook of art therapy, 106-119.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (2005). Expressive Therapies History, Theory, and Practice. In. C.A. Malchiodi (Ed.), Expressive Therapies (pp.1-15). Newyork: Guilford press.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (Ed.). (2011). Handbook of art therapy. Guilford Press.
- Meijer, J. (2001). Learning potential and anxious tendency: Test anxiety as a bias factor in educational testing. Anxiety, stress and Coping, 14(3), 337-362.
- Melman, S., Little, S. G., & Akin-Little, K. A. (2007). Adolescent overscheduling: The relationship between levels of participation in scheduled activities and self-reported clinical symptomology. The High School Journal, 90(3), 18-30.
- Mercedes-Ballbe, M. (1997). A group art therapy experience for immigrant adolescents. American Journal of Art Therapy, 36(1), 11-20.
- Mezack, K. (1995). A specialized approach to job readiness training. American Rehabilitation, 21, 29-31.
- Nainis, N., Paice, J. A., Ratner, J., Wirth, J. H., Lai, J., & Shott, S. (2006). Relieving symptoms in cancer: innovative use of art therapy. Journal of pain and symptom management, 31(2), 162-169
- Öy, B. (1995). Çocuk ve ergenlerde Depresyon Epidemiyolojisi ve Risk Etkenleri. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2 (1): 40-45
- Puig, A., Lee, S. M., Goodwin, L., & Sherrard, P. A. (2006). The efficacy of creative arts therapies to enhance emotional expression, spirituality, and psychological well-being of newly diagnosed Stage I and Stage II breast cancer patients: A preliminary study. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 33(3), 218-228.
- Rabin, M. (2003). Art therapy and eating disorders: the self as significant form. Columbia University Press.
- Reynolds, F. C. (1990). Mentoring artistic adolescents through expressive therapy. The Clearing House, 64(2), 83-86.
- Riley, S. (1999). Contemporary Art therapy with adolescents. London, Philedelphia: Jessica Kingsley publishers.
- Shostak, B., DiMaria, A., Salant, E., Schoebel, N., Bush, J., Minar, V., & Pollakoff, L. (1985). “Art Therapy in the Schools” A Position Paper of the American Art Therapy Association. Art Therapy, 2(1), 19-21.
- Siegel, B. S. (1989). Peace, Love & Healing: The Bodymind & the Path to Self-healing: an Exploration. Caedmon.
- Soylu Ö. (2002). Üniversite Sınavına Hazırlanan Öğrencilerin Ailelerinden Sosyal Destek Algılayıp-Algılamama Durumlarına Göre Psikolojik Belirtiler Yönünden Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Stanley, P. D., & Miller, M. M. (1993). Short-term art therapy with an adolescent male. The Arts in psychotherapy, 20(5), 397-402.
- Theorell, T. O. R., Konarski, K., Westerlund, H., Burell, A. M., Engström, R., Lagercrantz, A. M., ... & Thulin, K. (1998). Treatment of patients with chronic somatic symptoms by means of art psychotherapy: A process description.Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 67(1), 50-56.
- Turetsky, C. J., & Hays, R. E. (2003). Development of an art psychotherapy model for the prevention and treatment of unresolved grief during midlife. Art Therapy, 20(3), 148-156.
- Ulusoy, M., Şahin, N. ve Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 12, 163-172.
- Williams, S. (1976). Short-term art therapy. American Journal of Art Therapy.
- Zeidner M, Mathews G (2005) Evaluation anxiety. Handbook of competence and motivation, 141-163.
Year 2017,
Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 311 - 344, 07.07.2017
Volkan Demir
,
Burcu Yıldırım
References
- Akhan, L.U. (2012). Psikopatolojik sanat ve psikiyatrik tedavide sanatın kullanılışı. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 2(2), 132- 135.
- Appleton, V. (2001). Avenues of hope: Art therapy and the resolution of trauma. Art Therapy, 18(1), 6-13.
- Aydın, B. (2012). Tıbbi Sanat Terapisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(1), 69-83.
- Bar-Sela, G., Atid, L., Danos, S., Gabay, N., & Epelbaum, R. (2007). Art therapy improved depression and influenced fatigue levels in cancer patients on chemotherapy. Psychooncology, 16, 980-984.
- Barsky, A. J., Goodson, J. D., Lane, R. S., & Cleary, P. D. (1988). The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50(5), 510-519.
- Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893.
- Beck, A. T., Ward, C., & Mendelson, M. (1961). Beck depression inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.
- Bilge, A., Öğce, F., Genç, R. E., & Oran, N. T. (2009). Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ)’nin Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik uygunluğu. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 61.
- Blacker, C. V., & Clare, A. W. (1987). Depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 737-751.
- Bridges, K. W., & Goldberg, D. P. (1985). Somatic presentation of DSM III psychiatric disorders in primary care. Journal of psychosomatic research, 29(6), 563-569.
- Canat, S. (1997). Ergenlerde depresyon. Ergenlikte Ruhsal Sorunlara Yaklaşım, 469-472.
- Capacchione, L. (2012). Sanat terapisiyle iyileşmek. Kaknüs yayınları: İstanbul.
- Case, C., & Dalley, T. (2014). The handbook of art therapy. Routledge.
- Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 385-396.
- Collie, K., Bottorff, J. L., & Long, B. C. (2006). A narrative view of art therapy and art making by women with breast cancer. Journal of Health Psychology, 11(5), 761-775.
- Coşkun, S., Yıldız, Ö., & Yazıcı, A. (2010). Psikiyatrik Rehabilitasyonda Fotoğrafın Kullanımı: Bir Ön Proje. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 1(3):121-127
- Demir, V. (2016). Dışavurumcu Sanat Terapisinin Psikolojik Belirtiler İle Bilişsel İşlevlere Etkisi. Sanatla Terapi ve Yaratıcılık Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri.
- Dilawari, K., & Tripathi, N. (2014). Art therapy: A creative and expressive process, Indian Journal of Pozitive Psychology, 5(1), 81-85
- Doğan, T. (1999). Başkent Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Stresle Başa Çıkma Stratejilerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
- Duran-Oğuz, N. (2006). Wellness among Turkish University Students: Investigating the Construct and Testing the Effectiveness of an Art-based Wellness Program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- Edwards, D. (2014). Art therapy. Sage.
- Ergene, T., & Yıldırım, İ. (2004). Üniversite adaylarında depresyon düzeyleri. Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi, 12(2), 91-100.
- Geue, K.L., Goetze, H., Buttstaedt, M., Kleinert E., Richter, D., & Singer S. (2010). An overview of art therapy interventions for cancer patients and the results of research, Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 18(3-4), 160-170
- Graham, J. (1994). The art of emotionally disturbed adolescents: Designing a drawing program to adress violent imagery. American Journal of Art Therapy, 32(4), 115-122.
- Gussak, D. (2007). The effectiveness of art therapy in reducing depression in prison populations. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51(4), 444-460.
- Güney, M. (1998). Ergenlik dönemi depresyonları. Psikiyatri Dünyası, 2, 41-44.
- Hisli, N. (1988). Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Psikoloji dergisi, 6(22), 118-122.
- Hutto, M. D., & Thompson, A. R. (1995). Counseling College Students with Visual Impairments in Preparation for Employment. RE: view, 27(1), 29-35.
- Karasar, N. (2004). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Killick, K. (1993). Working With Psychotic Processes in Art Therapy. Psychonalytic Psychotherapy, 7(1), 25-38.
- Kim, S., & Ki, J. (2014). A case study on the effects of the creative art therapy with stretching and walking meditation—Focusing on the improvement of emotional expression and alleviation of somatisation symptoms in a neurasthenic adolescent. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(1), 71-78.
- Liebmann, M. (2004). Art therapy for groups: A handbook of themes and exercises. Psychology Press.
- Linesch, D.G. (1988). Adolescent art therapy. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.
- Lowe, P. A., Lee, S. W., Witteborg, K. M., Prichard, K. W., Luhr, M. E., Cullinan, C. M., ... & Janik, M. (2008). The Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents (TAICA) examination of the psychometric properties of a new multidimensional measure of test anxiety among elementary and secondary school students. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 26(3), 215-230.
- Luzzatto, P., & Gabriel, B. (2000). The creative journey: A model for short-term group art therapy with posttreatment cancer patients. Art Therapy, 17(4), 265-269.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (2003). Expressive arts therapy and multimodal approaches. Handbook of art therapy, 106-119.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (2005). Expressive Therapies History, Theory, and Practice. In. C.A. Malchiodi (Ed.), Expressive Therapies (pp.1-15). Newyork: Guilford press.
- Malchiodi, C. A. (Ed.). (2011). Handbook of art therapy. Guilford Press.
- Meijer, J. (2001). Learning potential and anxious tendency: Test anxiety as a bias factor in educational testing. Anxiety, stress and Coping, 14(3), 337-362.
- Melman, S., Little, S. G., & Akin-Little, K. A. (2007). Adolescent overscheduling: The relationship between levels of participation in scheduled activities and self-reported clinical symptomology. The High School Journal, 90(3), 18-30.
- Mercedes-Ballbe, M. (1997). A group art therapy experience for immigrant adolescents. American Journal of Art Therapy, 36(1), 11-20.
- Mezack, K. (1995). A specialized approach to job readiness training. American Rehabilitation, 21, 29-31.
- Nainis, N., Paice, J. A., Ratner, J., Wirth, J. H., Lai, J., & Shott, S. (2006). Relieving symptoms in cancer: innovative use of art therapy. Journal of pain and symptom management, 31(2), 162-169
- Öy, B. (1995). Çocuk ve ergenlerde Depresyon Epidemiyolojisi ve Risk Etkenleri. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2 (1): 40-45
- Puig, A., Lee, S. M., Goodwin, L., & Sherrard, P. A. (2006). The efficacy of creative arts therapies to enhance emotional expression, spirituality, and psychological well-being of newly diagnosed Stage I and Stage II breast cancer patients: A preliminary study. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 33(3), 218-228.
- Rabin, M. (2003). Art therapy and eating disorders: the self as significant form. Columbia University Press.
- Reynolds, F. C. (1990). Mentoring artistic adolescents through expressive therapy. The Clearing House, 64(2), 83-86.
- Riley, S. (1999). Contemporary Art therapy with adolescents. London, Philedelphia: Jessica Kingsley publishers.
- Shostak, B., DiMaria, A., Salant, E., Schoebel, N., Bush, J., Minar, V., & Pollakoff, L. (1985). “Art Therapy in the Schools” A Position Paper of the American Art Therapy Association. Art Therapy, 2(1), 19-21.
- Siegel, B. S. (1989). Peace, Love & Healing: The Bodymind & the Path to Self-healing: an Exploration. Caedmon.
- Soylu Ö. (2002). Üniversite Sınavına Hazırlanan Öğrencilerin Ailelerinden Sosyal Destek Algılayıp-Algılamama Durumlarına Göre Psikolojik Belirtiler Yönünden Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Stanley, P. D., & Miller, M. M. (1993). Short-term art therapy with an adolescent male. The Arts in psychotherapy, 20(5), 397-402.
- Theorell, T. O. R., Konarski, K., Westerlund, H., Burell, A. M., Engström, R., Lagercrantz, A. M., ... & Thulin, K. (1998). Treatment of patients with chronic somatic symptoms by means of art psychotherapy: A process description.Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 67(1), 50-56.
- Turetsky, C. J., & Hays, R. E. (2003). Development of an art psychotherapy model for the prevention and treatment of unresolved grief during midlife. Art Therapy, 20(3), 148-156.
- Ulusoy, M., Şahin, N. ve Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 12, 163-172.
- Williams, S. (1976). Short-term art therapy. American Journal of Art Therapy.
- Zeidner M, Mathews G (2005) Evaluation anxiety. Handbook of competence and motivation, 141-163.