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Yalnızlık Korkusu Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 114 - 129, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1489486

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Yalnızlık Korkusu Ölçeğinin (YKÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik yapısının ele alınmasıdır. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu Türkiye’nin çeşitli üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören 424 öğrenci (306 kadın, 118 erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Gerekli izinlerin alınmasının ardından Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik alanı ve dil bilim uzmanları tarafından ölçeğin orijinal versiyonundan Türkçeye çeviri işlemleri yürütülmüştür. Ardından Türkçe ve İngilizce dillerine hâkim bir gruba yapılan uygulama sonucunda korelasyon ile bağımlı örneklem t testi analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu işlemleri Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi takip etmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, orijinal faktör yapısıyla benzeşecek şekilde tek faktör ve 5 maddeden oluşan modelin iyi uyuma işaret eden değerlere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Eşdeğer ölçek geçerliği sonuçlarına göre ise YKÖ ile UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği toplam puanları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu görülmüştür. YKÖ’nün Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı.87, olarak tespit edilirken McDonald’s Omega (ω) iç tutarlık .88 olarak saptanmıştır. Ölçeğin madde-toplam korelasyonları ise .62 ile .90 arasında değerler almaktadır. Sonuç olarak YKÖ geçerli ve güvenilir bir şekilde ölçüm yapmaktadır.

References

  • Akpınar, G. ve Dündar, H. (2015). Üniversite gençliği döneminin gelişimsel özellikleri ve psikolojik zorlukları. F. Yurtseven ve M. Paker (Eds.), Üniversitede psikolojik danışmanlık el kitabı içinde (ss. 17-44). İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00014-6
  • Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. American Psychologist, 54(5), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.5.317
  • Barclay, K., Chalus, E., & Simonton, D. (2023). A history of loneliness: An introduction. In K. Barclay, E. Chalus ve D. Simonton (Eds.), The Routledge history of loneliness (pp. 1-15). Nre York: Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429331848
  • Baydar, M. L., Gül, H. ve Akçil, A. (2007). Bilimsel araştırmanın temel ilkeleri. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, S. ve Demirel, F. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (25. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. (Third Edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(10), 447-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • Can, A. (2019). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (7. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Comrey, A.L & Lee, H.L. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Erlbaum.
  • Çavdar, D., Bağcı, V., Çorbacı, E. C., Sarıtaş, S. ve Taşdelen-Yayvak, M. K. (2015). Adaptation of de Jong Gierveld loneliness scale into Turkish. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(9), 84-92.
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F. Ç. (1985). Gençlerde benlik saygısı ile ilgili bir araştırma. XXI. Ulusal Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Kongre Kitabı içinde, Mersin: Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (s.107-108)
  • Demir, A. (1989). U.C.L.A yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 14-18.
  • DSÖ (2023a). WHO commission on social connection. https://www.who.int/groups/commission-on-social-connection
  • DSÖ (2023b). Our epidemic of loneliness and isolation. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf
  • Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2013). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105(3), 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12046
  • Durak, M., & Senol-Durak, E. (2010). Psychometric qualities of the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 as applied in a Turkish culture. Educational Gerontology, 36(10-11), 988-1007. DOI: 10.1080/03601271003756628 Einav, M., & Margalit, M. (2023). Loneliness before and after COVID-19: Sense of coherence and hope as coping mechanisms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(10), 5840. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105840
  • Erkuş, A., Sünbül, Ö., Ömür Sünbül, S., Yormaz, Y. ve Aşiret, S. (2020). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-II. (2. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Ernst, M., Niederer, D., Werner, A. M., Czaja, S. J., Mikton, C., Ong, A. D., Rosen, T., Brähler, E., & Beutel, M. E. (2022). Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis.American Psychologist, 77(5), 660–677. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001005
  • Gravetter, J. F., & Forzano, L. B. (2012). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (Fourth Edition). USA: Linda Schreiber-Ganster.
  • Grygiel, P., Humenny, G., Rebisz, S., Świtaj, P., & Sikorska, J. (2013). Validating the Polish adaptation of the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(2), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000130
  • Güngör, D. (2016). Psikolojide ölçme araçlarının geliştirilmesi ve uyarlanması kılavuzu. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 19(38), 104-112.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2021). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Temel ilkeler ve uygulamalı analizler (2. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th edition). Edinburgh Gate, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Capitanio J. P. (2015). Perceived social isolation, evolutionary fitness and health outcomes: A life span approach. Philosophical. Transactions of the Royal Society B, 370. 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0114
  • Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 695–718. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002.
  • HM Government. (2018). A connected society. A strategy for tackling loneliness – laying the foundations for change. Department of Culture, Media and Sport. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/a-connected-society-a-strategy-for-tackling-loneliness
  • İnanç, A. ve Ekşi, H. (2022). Adaptation of RULS-6 loneliness scale (6-item short form) into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Contemporary Educational Researches Journal, 12(4), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v12i4.7466
  • John, T. (2018, April 25). How the world’s first loneliness minister will tackle ‘the sad reality of modern’.TIME. https://web.archive.org/web/20231227095217/https://time.com/5248016/tracey-crouch-uk-loneliness-minister/
  • Korkmaz, M. (2022, 13-16 Eylül). Rosenberg benlik saygısı ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri [Konferans sunumu]. 21. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Köksal, B. ve Topkaya, N. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşadığı sorunlar ve sorun alanlarının depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle ilişkisi. TEBD, 19(2), 926-949. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.933931 Meta & Gallup (2023). The global state of social connections. https://www.gallup.com/analytics/509675/state-of-social-connections.aspx
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Office for National Statistics (2018). Loneliness - what characteristics and circumstances are associated with feeling lonely? https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/loneliness-what-characteristics-and-circumstances-are-associated-with-feeling-lonely
  • Pai, N., & Vella, S. L. (2021). COVID-19 and loneliness: A rapid systematic review. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(12) 1144–1156. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211031489
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1-8). New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080959
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Theoretical approaches to loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness a sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 123-134). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Qualter, P., Maes, M, & Nowland, R. (2020). Loneliness. In B. J. Carducci & C. S. Nave (Eds.), The Wiley encyclopedia of personality and ındividual differences: Models and theories. Volume III (pp. 287-291). Nwe York: Wiley. DOI:10.1002/9781118970843
  • Rokach, A. (2000). Loneliness and the life cycle. Psychological Reports, 86(2), 629-642. DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.629
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment. 42(3), 290–294. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Beyerlein, S. T. (2000). Confirmatory factor analysis with different correlation types and estimation methods. Structural Equation Modeling, 7(4), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0704_6
  • Statista (2023). One in four young people in the world feels lonely. https://www.statista.com/chart/31243/respondents-who-feel-fairly-or-very-lonely/
  • Statista (2024). How often do you feel lonely? https://www.statista.com/statistics/1222815/loneliness-among-adults-by-country/
  • Şeker, H. ve Gençdoğan, B. (2020). Psikolojik ve eğitimde ölçme aracı geliştirme (3. baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. (Çev. Ed. M. Baloğlu). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • TÜİK. (2023, 15 Mayıs). İstatistiklerle aile [Basın bülteni] (Sayı: 49683). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Aile-2022-49683
  • Ventura-León J, Sánchez-Villena A. R., Caycho-Rodríguez T., Barboza-Palomino M., & Rubio A. (2020). Fear of loneliness: Development and validation of a brief scale. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.583396
  • Vural Batik, M., & Demir, M. (2022). The mediating role of binge-watchingin the relationship between type D personality and loneliness. Health Psychology Report, 10(3), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2021.109550
  • Wongpakaran, N., Wongpakaran, T., Pinyopornpanish, M., Simcharoen, S., & Kuntawong, P. (2021). Loneliness and problematic internet use: Testing the role of interpersonal problems and motivation for internet use. BMC Psychiatry, 21(447). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03457-y
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Adaptation of the Fear of Loneliness Scale into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 114 - 129, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1489486

Abstract

This study aims to adapt the Fear of Loneliness Scale into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties within the Turkish. The sample of the study consists of 424 students (306 female, 118 male) enrolled in various universities in Turkey. The scale was translated into Turkish by experts in the fields of psychological counseling and guidance and linguistics. Subsequently, correlation and dependent sample t-test analyses were conducted with a group proficient in both Turkish and English languages. These processes were followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results indicate that a single-factor model consisting of 5 items, resembling the original factor structure, demonstrated good fit indices. According to the equivalent scale validity results, significant relationships were found between the Fear of Loneliness Scale and total scores of the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the Fear of Loneliness Scale was found to be .87, while McDonald's Omega (ω) internal consistency was determined as .88. Item-total correlations of the scale ranged from .62 to .90. Accordingly, the Fear of Loneliness Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to assess the degree of fear of loneliness among Turkish university students.

References

  • Akpınar, G. ve Dündar, H. (2015). Üniversite gençliği döneminin gelişimsel özellikleri ve psikolojik zorlukları. F. Yurtseven ve M. Paker (Eds.), Üniversitede psikolojik danışmanlık el kitabı içinde (ss. 17-44). İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00014-6
  • Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. American Psychologist, 54(5), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.5.317
  • Barclay, K., Chalus, E., & Simonton, D. (2023). A history of loneliness: An introduction. In K. Barclay, E. Chalus ve D. Simonton (Eds.), The Routledge history of loneliness (pp. 1-15). Nre York: Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429331848
  • Baydar, M. L., Gül, H. ve Akçil, A. (2007). Bilimsel araştırmanın temel ilkeleri. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, S. ve Demirel, F. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (25. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. (Third Edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(10), 447-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • Can, A. (2019). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (7. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Comrey, A.L & Lee, H.L. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Erlbaum.
  • Çavdar, D., Bağcı, V., Çorbacı, E. C., Sarıtaş, S. ve Taşdelen-Yayvak, M. K. (2015). Adaptation of de Jong Gierveld loneliness scale into Turkish. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(9), 84-92.
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F. Ç. (1985). Gençlerde benlik saygısı ile ilgili bir araştırma. XXI. Ulusal Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Kongre Kitabı içinde, Mersin: Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (s.107-108)
  • Demir, A. (1989). U.C.L.A yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 14-18.
  • DSÖ (2023a). WHO commission on social connection. https://www.who.int/groups/commission-on-social-connection
  • DSÖ (2023b). Our epidemic of loneliness and isolation. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf
  • Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2013). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105(3), 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12046
  • Durak, M., & Senol-Durak, E. (2010). Psychometric qualities of the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 as applied in a Turkish culture. Educational Gerontology, 36(10-11), 988-1007. DOI: 10.1080/03601271003756628 Einav, M., & Margalit, M. (2023). Loneliness before and after COVID-19: Sense of coherence and hope as coping mechanisms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(10), 5840. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105840
  • Erkuş, A., Sünbül, Ö., Ömür Sünbül, S., Yormaz, Y. ve Aşiret, S. (2020). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-II. (2. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Ernst, M., Niederer, D., Werner, A. M., Czaja, S. J., Mikton, C., Ong, A. D., Rosen, T., Brähler, E., & Beutel, M. E. (2022). Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis.American Psychologist, 77(5), 660–677. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001005
  • Gravetter, J. F., & Forzano, L. B. (2012). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (Fourth Edition). USA: Linda Schreiber-Ganster.
  • Grygiel, P., Humenny, G., Rebisz, S., Świtaj, P., & Sikorska, J. (2013). Validating the Polish adaptation of the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(2), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000130
  • Güngör, D. (2016). Psikolojide ölçme araçlarının geliştirilmesi ve uyarlanması kılavuzu. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 19(38), 104-112.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2021). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Temel ilkeler ve uygulamalı analizler (2. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th edition). Edinburgh Gate, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Capitanio J. P. (2015). Perceived social isolation, evolutionary fitness and health outcomes: A life span approach. Philosophical. Transactions of the Royal Society B, 370. 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0114
  • Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 695–718. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002.
  • HM Government. (2018). A connected society. A strategy for tackling loneliness – laying the foundations for change. Department of Culture, Media and Sport. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/a-connected-society-a-strategy-for-tackling-loneliness
  • İnanç, A. ve Ekşi, H. (2022). Adaptation of RULS-6 loneliness scale (6-item short form) into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Contemporary Educational Researches Journal, 12(4), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v12i4.7466
  • John, T. (2018, April 25). How the world’s first loneliness minister will tackle ‘the sad reality of modern’.TIME. https://web.archive.org/web/20231227095217/https://time.com/5248016/tracey-crouch-uk-loneliness-minister/
  • Korkmaz, M. (2022, 13-16 Eylül). Rosenberg benlik saygısı ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri [Konferans sunumu]. 21. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Köksal, B. ve Topkaya, N. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşadığı sorunlar ve sorun alanlarının depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle ilişkisi. TEBD, 19(2), 926-949. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.933931 Meta & Gallup (2023). The global state of social connections. https://www.gallup.com/analytics/509675/state-of-social-connections.aspx
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Office for National Statistics (2018). Loneliness - what characteristics and circumstances are associated with feeling lonely? https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/loneliness-what-characteristics-and-circumstances-are-associated-with-feeling-lonely
  • Pai, N., & Vella, S. L. (2021). COVID-19 and loneliness: A rapid systematic review. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(12) 1144–1156. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211031489
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1-8). New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080959
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Theoretical approaches to loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness a sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 123-134). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Qualter, P., Maes, M, & Nowland, R. (2020). Loneliness. In B. J. Carducci & C. S. Nave (Eds.), The Wiley encyclopedia of personality and ındividual differences: Models and theories. Volume III (pp. 287-291). Nwe York: Wiley. DOI:10.1002/9781118970843
  • Rokach, A. (2000). Loneliness and the life cycle. Psychological Reports, 86(2), 629-642. DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.629
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment. 42(3), 290–294. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Beyerlein, S. T. (2000). Confirmatory factor analysis with different correlation types and estimation methods. Structural Equation Modeling, 7(4), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0704_6
  • Statista (2023). One in four young people in the world feels lonely. https://www.statista.com/chart/31243/respondents-who-feel-fairly-or-very-lonely/
  • Statista (2024). How often do you feel lonely? https://www.statista.com/statistics/1222815/loneliness-among-adults-by-country/
  • Şeker, H. ve Gençdoğan, B. (2020). Psikolojik ve eğitimde ölçme aracı geliştirme (3. baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. (Çev. Ed. M. Baloğlu). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • TÜİK. (2023, 15 Mayıs). İstatistiklerle aile [Basın bülteni] (Sayı: 49683). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Aile-2022-49683
  • Ventura-León J, Sánchez-Villena A. R., Caycho-Rodríguez T., Barboza-Palomino M., & Rubio A. (2020). Fear of loneliness: Development and validation of a brief scale. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.583396
  • Vural Batik, M., & Demir, M. (2022). The mediating role of binge-watchingin the relationship between type D personality and loneliness. Health Psychology Report, 10(3), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2021.109550
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychological Counseling and Guidance (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammed Emir Akyol 0000-0002-9080-6950

Melek Demir 0000-0002-1280-5952

Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date May 24, 2024
Acceptance Date March 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akyol, M. E., & Demir, M. (2025). Yalnızlık Korkusu Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 26(1), 114-129. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.1489486