RATLARDA OMEGA-3 YAĞININ AKUSTİK TRAVMAYA ETKİSİ

Abstract

Akustik travmaya bağlı işitme kaybı sık görülen işitme kaybı nedenlerindendir. Akustik travma sonrasında tüy hücrelerinin hasarı sonucu kalıcı veya geçici işitme kayıpları görülür. Güçlü bir antioksidan olarak bilinen Omega-3 yağı, vücudun üretemediği ve dışarıdan alınması gereken bir yağdır. Çalışmamızın amacı omega-3 kullanımının akustik travma üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmamıza 24 adet sağlıklı, ortalama ağırlıkları 350 gr, yaş ortalaması 12 ay olan Sprague Downey cinsi erkek ratlar dahil edilmiştir. Ratlar her grupta 8’er olacak şekilde 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci gruba vücut ağırlıklarının 150 mg/kg sıvı Omega-3 yağı akustik travma öncesinde ve sonrasında verilmiştir. İkinci gruba akuştik travma oluşturmadan sadece Omega-3 yağı aynı dozda verilmiştir. Üçüncü gruba ise sadece akustik travma uygulanmıştır. Akustik travma öncesi, akustik travma sonrası ve akustik travma sonrası 10. gün işitme fonksiyonları distorsiyon ürünü otoakustik emisyon (DPOAE) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Akustik travma öncesi yapılan ölçümlerde tüm ratların eşikleri benzer olarak bulundu (p>0,005). Akustik travma uygulanan iki grup DPOAE ölçümleri karşılaştırıldığında travma öncesi Omega-3 yağı kullanan grubun işitme eşiklerinin korunduğu ve eşikler arası fark olmadığı saptanmıştır. Omega-3 kullanmayan grupta ise eşikler anlamlı şekilde düşmüştür. Aksutik travma uygulaması sonrası 10. günde yapılan ölçümlerde ise kontrol grubunun işitme eşiklerinin akustik travma öncesi eşiklerine yakın olduğu belirlendi. Sadece Omega-3 kullanan grubun işitme eşiklerinde bir değişiklik bulunmadı. Çalışmamızın sonucunda Omega-3 yağının kullanımının akustik travmada koruyucu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• akustik travma
• DPOAE
• işitme kaybı
• Omega-3

EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 OIL ON ACOUSTIC TRAUMA IN RATS

Abstract

Acoustic trauma is a common reason for hearing loss and it can result with permanent or temporary hearing loss due to hair cell degeneration. Omega-3 fat is a well known antioxidant for cell protection and strengthening immune system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usage of Omega 3 on acoustic trauma.24 healthy, mean weight 350 gr and mean age of 12 months of Sprague Downey male rats were included in our experimental study. Rats were examined in 3 equal number of groups. 1st group was given Omega-3 fat pre and post acoustic trauma (150mg/kg). 2nd group was not exposed to acoustic trauma, only given Omega-3 fats, and 3rd group was exposed to only acoustic trauma and not given Omega-3 fats. DPOAE test were done 3 times to each group of rats as; before acoustic trauma, after acoustic trauma and 10 days later of acoustic trauma.Prior to the acoustics trauma, hearing threshold results of the rats were similar (p> 0,005). When two groups that were exposed to acoustic trauma were compared; 1st group of rats that were given Omega-3 before acoustic trauma was examined that omega-3 has a preservative effect on acoustic trauma due to similar DPOAE thresholds before and after. The group of rats which were exposed to acoustic trauma without any omega-3 given had a significant decrease of DPOAE thresholds after acoustic trauma, but able to recover almost the first thresholds after 10th day of the exposure. The group of rats that were given only Omega-3had no negative or toxic affect of Omega-3 usage. As a result , in comparison of groups; preservative affect of usage of Omega- 3 fats was determined due to acoustic trauma exposure.

Keywords

• acoustic trauma
• Omega-3
• hearing loss
• DPOAE

References

1. Graydon K, Waterworth C, Miller H, Gunasekera H. Global burden of hearing impairment and ear disease. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 2019;133(1):18-25.
2. Görüş E ES, Çulhaoglu B, Erbek S. Üzüm çekirdeği yağı ve dekstametozonun akustik travma uygulanan ratların kokleası üzerine etkisi. Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2918;26(3):81-6.
3. Daniel E. Noise and hearing loss: a review. Journal of School Health. 2007;77(5):225-31.
4. Cheng AG, Cunningham LL, Rubel EW. Mechanisms of hair cell death and protection. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery. 2005;13(6):343-8.
5. Culhaoglu B, Erbek SS, Erbek S, Hizal E. Protective effect of Nigella sativa oil on acoustic trauma induced hearing loss in rats. Audiology research. 2017;7(2):181.
6. Yu F, Hao S, Yang B, Zhao Y, Yang J. Low iron diet increases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in young rats. Nutrients. 2016;8(8):456.
7. Yang S, Cai Q, Vethanayagam RR, Wang J, Yang W, Hu BH. Immune defense is the primary function associated with the differentially expressed genes in the cochlea following acoustic trauma. Hearing research. 2016;333:283-94.
8. Serna-Thomé G, Castro-Eguiluz D, Fuchs-Tarlovsky V, Sánchez-López M, Delgado-Olivares L, Coronel-Martínez J, et al. Use of functional foods and oral supplements as adjuvants in cancer treatment. Revista de investigacion clinica. 2018;70(3):136-46.

9. Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their health benefits. Annual review of food science and technology. 2018;9:345-81.
10. Gopinath B, Flood VM, Rochtchina E, McMahon CM, Mitchell P. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and fish and risk of age-related hearing loss. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010;92(2):416-21.
11. Martinez-Vega R, Partearroyo T, Vallecillo N, Varela-Moreiras G, Pajares MA, Varela-Nieto I. Long-term omega-3 fatty acid supplementation prevents expression changes in cochlear homocysteine metabolism and ameliorates progressive hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2015;26(12):1424-33.
12. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A-G. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior research methods. 2009;41(4):1149-60.
13. Shim JS, Kim DH, Bae JH, Moon DG. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on erectile dysfunction in a rat model of atherosclerosis-induced chronic pelvic ischemia. Journal of Korean medical science. 2016;31(4):585-9.
14. Albuquerque AAS, Rossato M, De Oliveira JAA, Hyppolito MA. Understanding the anatomy of ears from guinea pigs and rats and its use in basic otologic research. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2009;75(1):43-9.
15. Lee J-H, Chang S-Y, Moy WJ, Oh C, Kim S-H, Rhee C-K, et al. Simultaneous bilateral laser therapy accelerates recovery after noise-induced hearing loss in a rat model. PeerJ. 2016;4:e2252.
16. Manohar S, Dahar K, Adler HJ, Dalian D, Salvi R. Noise-induced hearing loss: neuropathic pain via Ntrk1 signaling. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. 2016;75:101-12.
17. Choi C-H, Chen K, Vasquez-Weldon A, Jackson RL, Floyd RA, Kopke RD. Effectiveness of 4-hydroxy phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (4-OHPBN) alone and in combination with other antioxidant drugs in the treatment of acute acoustic trauma in chinchilla. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2008;44(9):1772-84.
18. Urso ML, Clarkson PM. Oxidative stress, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation. Toxicology. 2003;189(1-2):41-54.
19. Miller J, Yamashita D, Minami S, Yamasoba T, LePrell C. Mechanisms and prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. Otology Japan. 2006;16(2):139-53.
20. Aruoma O. Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants. Food and chemical Toxicology. 1994;32(7):671-83.
21. Forman HJ, Davies KJ, Ursini F. How do nutritional antioxidants really work: nucleophilic tone and para-hormesis versus free radical scavenging in vivo. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2014;66:24-35.
22. Li S, Chen G, Zhang C, Wu M, Wu S, Liu Q. Research progress of natural antioxidants in foods for the treatment of diseases. Food Science and Human Wellness. 2014;3(3-4):110-6.
23. Rodrigo L, Campos-Asensio C, Rodríguez MÁ, Crespo I, Olmedillas H. Role of nutrition in the development and prevention of age-related hearing loss: A scoping review. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2021;120(1):107-20.