Cytotoxic Activity of Carrageenan on Malignant MCF-7 Breast Cancer and the non-Malignant SVCT Breast Epithelial Cell Lines

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 35 - 39, 31.08.2022

Merve Sayın , Handan Sevim Akan , Özbeyen Atalay , Emre Kubat , Özer Aylin Gurpinar

https://doi.org/10.33713/egetbd.1110113

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Objective: Recent studies have shown that sulfated polysaccharides obtained from marine algae have many biological and physiological activities. Kappa-carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide obtained from red marine algae, is known to have anti-proliferative effects in various cancer cell lines. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of kappa-carrageenan on two different cell lines, namely the malignant MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the non-malignant SVCT breast epithelial cell lines, was investigated in an in vitro model.

Materials & Methods: Three different concentrations of carrageenan were prepared for each cell in its own medium, with an initial dose of 1000 µg/ml (Dilution I: 1000 µg/ml; Dilution II: 250 µg/ml; Dilution III: 62.5 µg/ml). Cells were incubated with carrageenan at the doses set for each experimental group. Cells incubated in a carrageenan-free medium comprised the control group.

Results: To measure cell viability, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) analysis was performed. Cell morphology was investigated by the acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) fluorescent staining method. The present results indicated that carrageenan caused cytotoxic effects on both malignant and non-malignant cell lines.

Conclusion: Considering that the different phenotypic features of the subtypes of the MCF-7 cell line may affect cell viability and cell proliferation, cell selection should be performed very carefully in cytotoxicity studies. We suggest that using the MCF-7 cell line for cytotoxicity experiments needs to contemplate this important phenomenon for further experimental setups.

Keywords

Carrageenan, cytotoxicity, MCF-7, SVCT, MTT

Karragenanın Malign MCF-7 Meme Kanseri ve Malign Olmayan SVCT Meme Epitel Hücre Dizileri Üzerindeki Sitotoksik Aktivitesi

Abstract

Amaç: Son yapılan çalışmalar deniz alglerinden elde edilen sülfatlanmış polisakkaritlerin birçok biyolojik ve fizyolojik aktivitesi olduğunu göstermektedir. Kırmızı deniz alglerinden elde edilen sülfatlanmış bir polisakkarit olan kappa-karragenanın da çeşitli kanser hücre hatlarında anti-proliferatif etki gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada kappa-karragenanın, iki farklı hücre hattı, malignant özellikte MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattı ve non-malignant SVCT meme epiteli hücre hatları üzerindeki sitotoksik etkisi in vitro modelde incelenmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Karragenanın 1000 µg/ml başlangıç dozu olacak şekilde ve her hücre için kendi besiyerinde üç farklı konsantrasyonu hazırlanmıştır (Dilution I: 1000 µg/ml; Dilution II: 250 µg/ml; Dilution III: 62,5 µg/ml). Hücreler deney gruplarında belirlenen dozlarda karregenan ile inkübe edilmiştir. Karragenan içermeyen besiyeinde inkübe edilen hücreler de kontrol grubu olarak alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Hücre canlılığının ölçülmesi için, (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT) analizi yapılmıştır. Hücre morfolojisi, acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) floresan boyama yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, karragenanın hem malignant hem de non-malignant hücre hatları üzerinde sitotoksik etkiye neden olduğunu göstermektedir.

Sonuç: MCF-7 hücre hattının alt tiplerinin gösterdiği farklı fenotipik özelliklerin hücre canlılığı ve hücre proliferasyonunu etkileyebildiği de göz önünde bulundurularak sitotoksite çalışmalarında hücre seçiminin çok dikkatli yapılması ve MCF-7 hücre hattının kullanılması halinde bu durumun önemle üzerinde durulması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Karragenan, sitotoksite, MCF-7, SVCT, MTT

References

• 1. Yuana H, Songa J, Lia X, Lia N, Daia J. Immunomodulation and antitumor activity of k-carrageenan oligosaccharides. Cancer Lett. 2006; 243: 228-234.
• 2. Necas J, Bartosikova L. Carrageenan: a review. Vet Med. 2013; 58 (4): 187-205.
• 3. Yuana H, Songa J, Lia X, Lia N, Daia J. Enhanced immunostimulatory and antitumor activity of different derivatives of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides from Kappaphycus striatum. J Appl Phycol. 2011; 23:59–65.
• 4. Hu X, Jiang X, Aubree E, Boulenguer P, Critchley AT. Preparation and In Vivo. Antitumor Activity of κ-Carrageenan Oligosaccharides. Pharm Biol. 2006; 44(9): 646-650.
• 5. Pangestuti R, Kim SK. Biological Activities of Carrageenan. Adv Food Nutr. 2014; 72: 113-114.
• 6. Khotimchenkoa M, Tiastoa V, Kalitnkb MB et al. Antitumor potential of carrageenans from marine red algae. Carbohydr Polym. 2020; 116568.
• 7. Guo Z, Wei Y, Zhang Y et al. Carrageenan oligosaccharides: A comprehensive review of preparation, isolation, purification, structure, biological activities and applications. Algal Res. 2022; 61: 102593.
• 8. Kubat E, Gürpınar ÖA, Ertuğrul G et al. Is enoxaparin sodium exactly safe for subcutaneous fibroblast?: A cell culture study. Acta Med Alanya. 2021; 5 (1): 18-23.
• 9. Kubat E, Gürpınar ÖA, Karasoy D et al. A link between cytotoxicity in cell culture and gastrointestinal side effects of oral anticoagulants: bench-to-bedside. Bratisl Med J. 2018; 119 (11): 706-712.
• 10, Gürpınar ÖA, Kubat E, Onur MA. Cytotoxic Activity of Apixaban on HeLa Cells: An in vitro Study. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem. 2018; 46 (3): 395–402.
• 11. Comşa Ş, Cîmpean AM, Raica M. The Story of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: 40 years of Experience in Research. Anticancer Res. 2015; 35: 3147-3154.
• 12. Holliday DL, Speirs V. Choosing the right cell line for breast cancer research. Breast Cancer Res. 2011; 13: 215.
• 13. Powell K, Low P, McDonnel A, Laakso EL, Ralph SJ. The Effect of Laser Irradiation on Proliferation of Human Breast Carcinoma, Melanoma and Immortalized Mammary Epithelial Cells. Photobiomodulation Photomed. Laser Surg. 2010; 28: 115-125.
• 14. Xu K, Qiu C, Pei H et al. Homeobox B3 promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion in glioblastoma. 2018; 15: 3712-3718.
• 15. Gest C, Joimell U, Huang L et al. Rac3 induces a molecular pathway triggering breast cancer cell aggressiveness: differences in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer. 2013; 13: 63.
• 16. Shirazil FH, Zarghi A, Kobarfard F et al. Remarks in Successful Cellular Investigations for Fighting Breast Cancer Using Novel Synthetic Compounds. Open Access Peer-Reviewed Edited Volume. 2011; Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/24878.
• 17. Pistrittol G, Trisciuoglio D, Cecil C, Garufi A, D’Orazi G. Apoptosis as anticancer mechanism: function and dysfunction of its modulators and targeted therapeutic strategies. Aging. 2016; 8(4): 603-608.
• 18. Pfeffer CM and Sing ATK. Apoptosis: A Target for Anticancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018; 19: 448.
• 19. Bagulet BC and Leung E. Heterogeneity of Phenotype in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Heterogeneity of Phenotype in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Peer-Reviewed Edited Volume. 2011; Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/23376.