PUBLIC SECURITY IN JERUSALEM UNDER OTTOMAN (19TH-20TH CENTURY) AND BRITISH RULE (1917-1948)

Öz

Bu çalışma, Kudüs'ün çok kültürlü bağlamında Osmanlı ve İngiliz yönetimi altında kamu güvenliği uygulamalarını incelemektedir. Osmanlı yönetimi, millet sistemi, şeriat mahkemeleri, yerel liderler ve vakıflar aracılığıyla sosyal uyumu sürdürmüş ve dini ve kültürel çeşitliliği vurgulamıştır. Tanzimat reformları, yerel katılımı merkezileştirmeyle birleştirmiş ve barışı teşvik etmek için mirasın korunmasını desteklemiştir. Güvenlik politikaları, gece bekçileri ve şehir kapıları da dahil olmak üzere surlarla çevrili şehrin yapısı tarafından şekillendirilmiştir. Buna karşılık, İngiliz Mandası döneminde modernleşme ve uluslararası normlara uyum öncelikli hale gelmiştir. Ancak, Yahudi göçünü destekleyen politikalar Arap topluluklarla gerginliklere yol açmıştır. Yeni polis güçleri ve altyapı projeleriyle düzeni sağlamaya yönelik çabalara rağmen, İngiliz stratejileri genellikle kargaşayı şiddetlendirdi. Merkeziyetçi yaklaşımları demografik ve sosyal dengeleri bozarak uyumu zayıflattı. Sonuç olarak, Osmanlılar hoşgörü ve sosyal uyumu önceliklendirirken, İngilizler sömürge çıkarlarına odaklandı ve bu da Kudüs'ün sosyal dokusu için farklı kamu güvenliği yaklaşımları ve sonuçları doğurdu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kudüs
• Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
• İngiliz Mandası
• Kamu Güvenliği
• Güvenlik

PUBLIC SECURITY IN JERUSALEM UNDER OTTOMAN (19TH-20TH CENTURY) AND BRITISH RULE (1917-1948)

Öz

This study examines public security practices in Jerusalem under Ottoman and British rule within the city’s multicultural context. The Ottoman administration maintained social cohesion through the millet system, sharia courts, local leaders, and foundations, emphasizing religious and cultural diversity. The Tanzimat reforms combined local participation with centralization and supported the preservation of heritage to promote peace. Security policies were shaped by the walled city’s structure, including night guards and city gates. In contrast, the British Mandate period prioritized modernization and alignment with international norms. However, policies favoring Jewish immigration triggered tensions with Arab communities. Despite efforts to maintain order through new police forces and infrastructure projects, British strategies often intensified unrest. Their centralist approach disrupted demographic and social balances, undermining cohesion. Ultimately, the Ottomans prioritized tolerance and social harmony, while the British focused on colonial interests, resulting in distinct public security approaches and consequences for Jerusalem’s social fabric.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Jerusalem
• Ottoman Rule
• British Mandate
• Public Security
• Security

Kaynakça

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