Regulations Concerning Oikos in Classical Athenian Law

Öz

In Classical Athens, the term oikos referred to the private space as opposed to the public space, and its meanings reflected the socio-economic life of this area. Accordingly, it meant home, family, and property in ancient Greek. This study examines the legal regulations of Athens within the framework of the definitions of oikos. First, it discusses laws related to the institution of marriage, which formed the foundational unit of the social and economic structure of the oikos, as well as laws governing the family and inheritance management. Subsequently, regulations on private property are analyzed. These include citizens’ powers over their property and rules governing commercial and economic activities to protect private property during the exchange of movable and immovable assets. The speeches prepared for the courts of Athens serve as the primary sources of this study, and in addition, epigraphic material is used to attest to the regulations of economic activities. It is commonly known that Athenian government actively interfered with the oikos. This study aims to clarify the dimensions of this relationship by drawing on examples from legal and official historical documents. Thus, it will become more apparent how the polis organized its relations with its citizens on the basis of the oikos.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oikos
• Polis
• Athens
• Law
• Private Space.

KLASİK ÇAĞ ATİNA HUKUKUNDA OIKOSA İLİŞKİN DÜZENLEMELER

Öz

Oikos terimi, Klasik Çağ Atina kaynaklarında kamusal alana karşıt olarak özel alana işaret etmekle birlikte bu alanın sosyo-ekonomik varlığına karşılık gelen anlamlar taşımıştır. Bu bağlamda oikos, konut anlamını taşıdığı gibi bununla bağlantılı olarak aile ve servet, mal, mülk anlamlarında da kullanılmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada, oikosun anlamları çerçevesinde Atina polisinde yapılan hukuki düzenlemeler incelenmektedir. Bu çerçeve içinde öncelikle oikosun sosyal ve iktisadi bünyesinin başlangıç birimi olan evlilik kurumu, aile kurumu ve bunlarla bağlantılı miras yönetimi üzerine planlanmış olan yasal düzenlemeler konu edilmektedir. Ardından oikosun taşıdığı servet, emlak, mülk anlamlarından hareketle, özel mülke ilişkin düzenlemeler de konu edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda ise Atinalı yurttaşın mülkü üzerindeki tasarruf yetkileri ve farklı taşınır ve taşınmazların el değiştirmesi esnasında özel mülkün korunması amacıyla yapılan ticari ve ekonomik faaliyetlerle ilgili düzenlemeler de kaynaklar üzerinden incelenerek gündeme getirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel kaynakları, Atina mahkemelerinde sunulmak üzere hazırlanmış olan söylevlerdir. Epigrafik malzeme ise ticari ve ekonomik faaliyetlerle ilintili düzenlemelerin tanıklığında kullanılmıştır. Atina’da kamu otoritesinin oikosa aktif olarak müdahale ettiği bilinen bir konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise antik kayıtlarda konu edilen resmi, hukuki verilerden örneklerle bu ilişkinin boyutlarını ortaya koyabilmektir. Böylelikle Atina polisinin, oikos temelinde yurttaşları ile ilişkilerini nasıl düzenlediği de daha belirgin hale gelecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oikos
• Polis
• Atina
• Hukuk
• Özel Alan

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