Araştırma Makalesi

Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability

Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2 28 Aralık 2018
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Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability

Öz

Research concerning disability or the history of disability is only recently emerging. It can be stated that disability studies in Assyriology are not yet at the desired level. As far as it is known, one of the most ancient texts, perhaps the first that included vital information about the history of disability in the Ancient Mesopotamia, is a Sumerian creation myth, dubbed Enki and Ninmaḫ. This myth is important for the history of disability since, not only did it refer to certain disability types and illnesses but it also emphasized the social integration of the ill and disabled individuals. Providing proofs that disability was related to societal and cultural contexts, the text refuted the understanding, which prevailed for centuries and one that prevails in part even today, that disability concerned only medicine. In ancient Mesopotamian societies, disabled individuals were neither exterminated due to their disabilities and nor were they comprehensively discriminated against in society, political life and various mechanisms of production. On the contrary, they participated in different levels of the state’s administrative system. Moreover, they did not always perceive congenital disabilities as divine punishment and did not associate it with a catastrophe. Disabilities were perceived as good or bad divine signs about daily life practices of human and thus as an indicator of welfare, abundance, prize, challenge, productivity, and solidarity. Including information about the societal fabric of the disability, Enki and Ninmaḫ has a content that can contribute to the history of disability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adalı and Görgü 2016 Selim Ferruh Adalı ve Ali T. Görgü, Bâbil Yaratılış Destanı: Enuma Eliş, II. baskı, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları: İstanbul. Ağartan and Öner Canan Aldırmaz Ağartan–Sema Öner, “Congenital Anomalies: An analysis of a Myth on Sumerian Clay Tablets”, Türkiye Klinikleri J. Med. Sci 30/2, 457-461. Alster 2005 Bendt Alster, Wisdom of Ancient Sumer, CDL Press: Bethesda-Maryland. Beaulie 2007 Paul-Alain Beaulie, “The Social and Intellectual Setting of Babylonian Wisdom Literature”, Wisdom Literature in Mesopotamia and Israel, (Ed: Richard J. Clifford), Society of Biblical Literature: Atlanta, 3-19. Benito 1969 Carlos Alfredo Benito, Enki and Ninmaḫ and Enki and the World Order, PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Black et.al 2004 Jeremy Black - Graham Cunningham - Eleanor Robson - Gabor Zolyomi, The Literature of Ancient Sumer, Oxford Universiy Press: New York. Bottéro and Kramer 1989 Jean Bottéro and Samuel Noah Kramer, “Enki and Ninmaḫ”, Lorsque Les Dieux Faisaient L’Homme: Mythologie mésopotamienne, Gallimard: Paris, 188-198. Budin 2015 Stephanie Lynn Budin, “Fertility and Gender in the Ancient Near East”, Sex in Antiquity: Exploring Gender and Sexuality in the Ancient World, (Eds: Mark Masterson, Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz, James Robson), Routledge: New York, 30-49. Ceccarelli 2016 Manuel Ceccarelli, Enki and Ninmaḫ: Eine mythische Erzählung in sumerischer Sprache, Mohr Siebeck: Tübingen. Charpin et.al 1988 Dominique Charpin and et al, Archives Royales de Mari XXVI/2, Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations: Paris. Copper 2010 Jerrold Copper, “Blind Workmen, Weaving Women and Prostitutes in Third Millennium Babylonia”, Cuneiform Digital Library Notes 005. Dalley 2000 Stephanie Dalley, Myths from Mesopotamia, Oxford University Press: New York. Espak 2015 Peeter Espak, The God Enki in Sumerian Royal Ideology and Mythology, Harrassowitz Verlag: Wiesbaden. Farber 1985 Walter Farber, “Akkadisch "blind”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 75, 210-233.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

28 Aralık 2018

Gönderilme Tarihi

25 Nisan 2018

Kabul Tarihi

10 Aralık 2018

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2018 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kağnıcı, G. (2018). Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 33(2), 429-450. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.502714
AMA
1.Kağnıcı G. Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability. TID. 2018;33(2):429-450. doi:10.18513/egetid.502714
Chicago
Kağnıcı, Gökhan. 2018. “Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 33 (2): 429-50. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.502714.
EndNote
Kağnıcı G (01 Aralık 2018) Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 33 2 429–450.
IEEE
[1]G. Kağnıcı, “Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability”, TID, c. 33, sy 2, ss. 429–450, Ara. 2018, doi: 10.18513/egetid.502714.
ISNAD
Kağnıcı, Gökhan. “Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 33/2 (01 Aralık 2018): 429-450. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.502714.
JAMA
1.Kağnıcı G. Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability. TID. 2018;33:429–450.
MLA
Kağnıcı, Gökhan. “Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, c. 33, sy 2, Aralık 2018, ss. 429-50, doi:10.18513/egetid.502714.
Vancouver
1.Gökhan Kağnıcı. Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability. TID. 01 Aralık 2018;33(2):429-50. doi:10.18513/egetid.502714

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