Telemedicine and Telehealth: Past, Today's and Future

Abstract

The increasing population and the number of medical education students are the main difficulties in finding sufficient specialist physicians. Especially, Telecommunication based healthcare services are routinely used in developed and developing countries. These services have many applications such as healthcare education, distance surgery, especially diabetic education andwound care, fetal heart monitoring. Video or direct conversation can sometimes be life-saving for the patient. These services can be examined under two basic headings: Telemedicine and telehealth. Telemedicine and telehealth is the one of the most important enhanging tecnologies in medicine. The term of Telemedicine is different from the telehealth. Telehealth is the use of technology to deliver health care, health information, and health education at a distance. But the purpose of telemedicine is to improve the patient’s health regardless of where they live by providing specialist services remotely. Many clinical activities can made telemedicine and telehealth. While there is less usage area until today In COVİD-19 outbreak, we understood the importance of telemedicine in public health. We directly know situations where it is difficult to reach hospitals and health institutions. Remote medical applications have been of vital importance for many patient groups such as pregnant women, cancer patients, cardiovascular system patients. Interview with the patient, obtaining patient data, consultation with other physicians, and even remote access surgeries are better understood. Telecurgery and telerobotics are the most important stages of these systems. It is a process that includes pre- and post-operative evaluation.For this reason, we think that investments of especially developed countries in remote access healthcare systems will increase even more. The most important problem is suitable patient selection and information transfer in this systems On the other hand, high cost is still one of the most important problems. In present study, we explained the past, present and future of telemedicine and telehealth.

Keywords

• telemedicine
• telehealth
• public health

Teletıp ve Telesağlık: Geçmiş, Bugün ve Gelecek

Öz

Artan nüfus ve öğrenci sayısı yeterli uzman hekimin bulunmasında en büyük zorluktur. Telekominikasyon tabanlı sağlık servisleri özellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde rutin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu servisler sağlık bakım eğitimi, uzaktan cerrahi, özellikle diyabetik hastalarda yara bakımı ve eğitimi, fetal kalp monitorizasyon takibi gibi pek çok uygulamalara sahiptir. Video veya konuşarak direk görüşme hasta için çoğu zaman hayat kurtarıcı olabilmektedir. Bu servisler temel iki başlık altında incelenebilir: Teletıp ve telesağlık. Teletıp ve telesağlık, tıpta en önemli gelişen teknolojilerden birisidir. Teletıp terimi telesağlık terminiden farklıdır. Telesağlık, uzaktan sağlık bilgileri, sağlık eğitimi ve sağlık hizmetinin sunumunda kullanılan teknolojilerdir. Teletıp amacı ise nerede olursa olsun uzmanlaşmış merkezlere uzakta yaşayan hastalara sağlık hizmeti sağlamayı amaçlar. Pek çok klinik işlem telesağlık ve teletıp ile sağlanabilir Bu güne kadar daha az kullanım alanı varken COVID-19 salgınında biz toplum sağlığı için teletıpın önemini anladık. Hastane ve sağlık kurumlarına ulaşmanın zor olduğu durumları direk olarak bilmekteyiz. Gebeler, kanser hastaları, kalp ve damar sistem hastaları gibi pek çok hasta grubu için uzaktan tıp uygulamaları hayati derecede önemli olmuştur. Hasta ile direk görüşme, hasta verilerinin alınması, diğer hekimler ile konsültasyon ve hatta uzaktan erişimli cerrahilerin önemi daha iyi anlaşılmıştır. Telecerrahi ve telerobotik bu sistemlerin en önemli aşamalarındandır. Ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası değerlendirmeyi de içeren bir süreçtir. Bu nedenle özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerin uzaktan erişimli sağlık sistemlerine yatırımının daha da artacağını düşünmekteyiz. Burada en önemli problem uygun hasta seçimi ve bilgi transferidir. Diğer yandan yüksek maliyet hala en önemli sorunlardan birisidir. Sunulan çalışmamızda telesağlık ve teletıpın geçmiş, şimdiki durumu ve geleceği açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Teletıp
• telesağlık
• halk sağlığı

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