Research Article
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Language Identities of Multilingual College English Learners in Indonesia

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 316 - 337, 08.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.911403

Abstract

College learners with their youthfulness are in a crucial phase of transition, which is often associated with a search of identity. Since language is a fluid identity marker, an investigation of language use to represent identity is challenging, especially when the speakers are multilingual. This article explores the linguistic identities of English college learners in Indonesia and offers an approach of English instruction in its tertiary education context which can accommodate their language identity representation. Through observation, a survey of 173 students of the English Literature Study Program, and in-depth interview with 13 representatives selected by purposive convenience sampling technique, this study found that other than identities related to their language inheritance, their closeness to English as their major of study and to digital media bring out other forms of identity as English Department students, youth, and millennial generation. However, this variety confirms monocultural rather than multicultural identity since they are deeply rooted in their local culture. Using the lingua franca approach, this work proposes a local-oriented English instruction to facilitate them to promote their local culture to international audiences.

References

  • Abubakr, S. N., Hassan, Z. M., & Muhedeen, B. L. (2019). Code-switching as identity marker: A sociolinguistic study of Kurdish EFL university students. Journal of University of Human Development, 5(3), 57. https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp57-64
  • Ager, D. (2001). Motivation in language planning and language policy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
  • Anastassiou, F., & Andreou, G. (2017). Factors associated with the code mixing and code switching of multilingual children : An overview. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture (LLC), 4(3), 2518–3966.
  • Andriyanti, E. (2016). Multilingualism of high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The language shift and maintenance. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
  • Andriyanti, E. (2019). Language shift among Javanese youth and their perception of local and national identities. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 19(3), 109– 125. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1903-07
  • Arka, I. W. (2015). Language management and minority language maintenance in ( eastern ) Indonesia : Strategic issues. Language Documentation & Conservation, 7(2013), 74–105.
  • Attenborough, F., & Stokoe, E. (2012). Student life; student identity; student experience: Ethnomethodological methods for pedagogical matters. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 11(1), 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/plat.2012.11.1.6
  • Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Statistik Indonesia-Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
  • Bhat, M. A. (2017). The changing language roles and linguistic identities of the Kashmiri speech community. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Blackledge, A. & Creese, A. (2015). Emblems of identities in four European urban settings. In J. Nortier & B.A. Svendsen (Eds.), Language, youth and identity in the 21st century (pp. 167-182). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. London: Continuum.
  • Bristowe, A., Oostendorp, M., & Anthonissen, C. (2014). Language and youth identity in a multilingual setting: A multimodal repertoire approach. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 32(2), 229-245. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2014.992644
  • Burke P.J. (2003) Introduction. In P.J. Burke, T.J. Owens, R.T. Serpe, & P.A. Thoits (Eds.), Advances in identity theory and research (pp. 1-7). Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Castells, M. (2001). The Internet galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, business and society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Chassy, P. (2015). How language shapes social perception. In D. Evans (Ed.), Language and identity: Discourse in the world (pp. 36-51). London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Cleveland, M., Laroche, M., & Papadopoulos, N., (2015), You are what you speak? Globalization, multilingualism, consumer dispositions and consumption, Journal of Business Research, 68(3), 542-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.09.008
  • Cohn, A. C., & Ravindranath, M. (2014). Local languges in Indonesia: Language maintenance or language shift? Linguistik Indonesia, 32(2), 131–148.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, California : SAGE.
  • Darvin, R. (2016). Language and identity in the digital age. In S. Preece (Ed.). The Routledge handbook of language and identity (pp. 523-540). New York: Routledge.
  • Delors, J. (1996). Learning, the Treasure Within: Report to Unesco of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century. Paris: Unesco Publishing.
  • Dragojevic, M., Gasiorek, J., & Giles, H. (2016). Accommodative strategies as core of the theory. In H. Giles (Ed.), Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts (pp. 36-59). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Drummond, R. (2018). Researching urban youth language and identity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Edwards, J. (2009). Language and identity: An introduction (Key topics in Sociolinguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fitriati, A., & Wardani, M. (2020). Language attitudes and language choice among students in Yogyakarta: A case study at Universitas Sanata Dharma. IJHS (International Journal of Humanity Studies, 3(2), 239–250.
  • Furmuzachi, G. (2007). Language, identity and multiculturalism. Berlin: Logos Verlag.
  • Gasiorek, J. (2016). Theoretical perspectives on interpersonal adjustments in language and communication. In H. Giles (Ed.), Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts (pp. 13–35). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316226537.002
  • Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. R. (2011). Language and learning in the digital age. New York: Routledge.
  • Goebel, Z. (2010). Language, migration, and identity: Neighborhood talk in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hamers, J.F. & Blanc, M.H.A. (2003). Bilinguality and Bilingualism (2nd Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hamied, F. A. (2012). English in multicultural and multilingual Indonesian education. In A. Kirkpatrick & R. Sussex (Eds.), English as an international language in Asia: Implications for language education (pp. 63–78). London: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4578-0
  • Hashim, F., Soopar, A. A., & Hamid, A. B. (2017). Linguistic features of Malaysian students’ online communicative language in an academic setting: The case of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Akademika, 87(1), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2017-8701-17
  • Joseph, J. E. (2004). Language and identity: National, ethnic, religious (1st Ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Juningsih, L. (2015). Multikulturalisme di Yogyakarta dalam perspektif sejarah. Pergulatan Multikulturalisme di Yogyakarta dalam Perspektif Bahasa, Sastra, dan Sejarah. Seminar Dies ke-22 Fakultas Sastra. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta.
  • Kaplan, A., & Flum, H. (2012). Identity formation in educational settings: A critical focus for education in the 21st century. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 37(3), 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2012.01.005
  • Kemdikbud (Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan). (2018). Badan Bahasa petakan 652 bahasa daerah di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2018/07/badan-bahasa-petakan-652-bahasa-daerah-di-indonesia
  • Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kirkpatrick, A. (2011). English as an Asian lingua franca and the multilingual model of
  • ELT. Language Teaching, 44(2), 212-224. doi:10.1017/S0261444810000145
  • Kirkpatrick, A. (2012). English as an international language in Asia: Implications for language education. Multilingual education, 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007- 4578-0
  • Lee, S. K., Lee, K. S., Wong, F. F., & Ya'acob, A. (2010). The English language and its impact on identities of multilingual Malaysian undergraduates. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 10(1), 87-101.
  • Liddicoat, A.J., (2002). Static and dynamic views of culture and intercultural language acquisition. Babel, 36(3), 4–11.
  • Liddicoat, A.J., & Scarino, A. (2013). Intercultural language teaching and learning. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Liddicoat, A. J., & Taylor-Leech, K. (2014). Micro language planning for multilingual education: Agency in local contexts. Current issues in language planning, 15(3), 237- 244. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2014.915454
  • Lie, A. (2017). English and identity in multicultural contexts: Issues, challenges, and opportunities. TEFLIN Journal. 28(1), 71-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v28i1/71-92
  • Meyerhoff, M. (2006). Introducing Sociolinguistics. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.
  • Nugraha, F. M. (2019). Code mixing as a form of Indonesian identity based on the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. International Review of Humanities Studies, 4(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v4i1.108
  • Nurani, L. M. (2015). Changing language loyalty and identity: An ethnographic inquiry of societal transformation among the Javanese people in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, US.
  • Nursanti, E., Andriyanti, E., Kurnianta, P. & Sudartinah, T., (2020). Patterns of language use among multilingual university students majoring in English. LITERA, 2(20), 231– 244.
  • Ojongnkpot, C. B. O. (2017). Urban youth language use in social media in Anglophone Cameroon: A morpho-syntactic analysis of Camfranglais among University of Buea students. In A. Ebongue & E. Hurst (Eds.), Sociolinguistics in African contexts (pp. 287–300). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Ortiz, A. M. & Santoz, S. J. (2010). Campus diversity and ethnic identity development. Diversity & democracy: Civic learning for shared futures, 13, 5-7.
  • Preece, S. (2009). Posh Talk: Language and Identity in Higher Education. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Pusdatin Kemenristekdikti. (2018). Higher education statistical year book 2018. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Iptek Dikti.
  • Quist, P. (2005). New Speech varieties among immigrant youth in Copenhagen - a case study. Sprachgrenzen überspringen. Sprachliche Hybridität und polykulturelles Selbstverständnis, 145-161.
  • Ravindranath, M., & Cohn, A. C. (2014). Can a language with millions of speakers be endangered? Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 7, 64–75.
  • Riley, P. (2007). Language, culture and identity. London: Continuum.
  • Rini, J. (2014). English in Indonesia: Its position among other languages in Indonesia. Beyond Words, 2(2), 19–40.
  • Rohmah, Z. (2005). English as a global language: Its historical past and its future. Jurnal Bahasa & Seni, 33(1), 107.
  • Silverman, D. & Masvasti, A. (2008). Doing qualitative research: A comprehensive guide. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
  • Sitokdana, M. N. N., Tanone, R., & Tanaem, P. F. (2019). Digitalization of the local language dictionary of Pegunungan Bintang. Procedia Computer Science, 161, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.098
  • Smith-Hefner, N. J. (2007). Youth language, gaul sociability, and the new Indonesian middle class. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 17(2), 184-203. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315675824-19
  • Smith-Hefner, N. J. (2009). Language shift, gender, and ideologies of modernity in central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 19(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01019.x.T
  • Subroto, D. E., Dwirahardjo, M., & Setiawan, B. (2008). Endangered Krama and Krama Inggil varieties of the Javanese language. Linguistik Indonesia, 26(1), 89–96.
  • Thomas Muñoz, R. (2019). Promote local culture and products. In L. F. Walter (Ed.) Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 1–9). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Tomlinson, M. & Jackson, D. (2021) Professional identity formation in contemporary higher education students. Studies in Higher Education, 46(4), 885-900. doi:10.1080/03075079.2019.1659763.
  • Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Mcgarty, C. (1994). Personal and social identity: self and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 454– 463.
  • Vander Klok, J. (2019). The Javanese language at risk? Perspectives from an East Java village. Language Documentation & Conservation, 13, 300–345.
  • Verheijen, L. (2017). WhatsApp with social media slang?: Youth language use in Dutch written computer-mediated communication. In D. Fišer & M. Beißwenger (Eds.), Investigating computer-mediated communication: Corpus-based approaches to language in the digital world (pp. 72–101). Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete UL.
  • Warschauer, M. & Matuchniak, T. (2010). New technology and digital words: Analyzing evidence of equity in access, use, and outcomes. Review of research in education, 34(1), 179-225.
  • Winarni, F. (2018). Aspek hukum peran serta masyarakat dalam pelestarian cagar budaya. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 30(1), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.29160
  • Zentz, L. (2012). Global language identities and ideologies in an Indonesian university context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
  • Zein, S. (2018). English, multilingualism and globalisation in Indonesia. English Today, 1–6. doi:10.1017/s026607841800010x
  • Zenker, O. (2018). Language and identity. In H. Callan (Ed.), The international encyclopedia of Antrhropology (pp. 1–7). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 316 - 337, 08.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.911403

Abstract

References

  • Abubakr, S. N., Hassan, Z. M., & Muhedeen, B. L. (2019). Code-switching as identity marker: A sociolinguistic study of Kurdish EFL university students. Journal of University of Human Development, 5(3), 57. https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp57-64
  • Ager, D. (2001). Motivation in language planning and language policy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
  • Anastassiou, F., & Andreou, G. (2017). Factors associated with the code mixing and code switching of multilingual children : An overview. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture (LLC), 4(3), 2518–3966.
  • Andriyanti, E. (2016). Multilingualism of high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The language shift and maintenance. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
  • Andriyanti, E. (2019). Language shift among Javanese youth and their perception of local and national identities. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 19(3), 109– 125. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1903-07
  • Arka, I. W. (2015). Language management and minority language maintenance in ( eastern ) Indonesia : Strategic issues. Language Documentation & Conservation, 7(2013), 74–105.
  • Attenborough, F., & Stokoe, E. (2012). Student life; student identity; student experience: Ethnomethodological methods for pedagogical matters. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 11(1), 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/plat.2012.11.1.6
  • Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Statistik Indonesia-Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
  • Bhat, M. A. (2017). The changing language roles and linguistic identities of the Kashmiri speech community. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Blackledge, A. & Creese, A. (2015). Emblems of identities in four European urban settings. In J. Nortier & B.A. Svendsen (Eds.), Language, youth and identity in the 21st century (pp. 167-182). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. London: Continuum.
  • Bristowe, A., Oostendorp, M., & Anthonissen, C. (2014). Language and youth identity in a multilingual setting: A multimodal repertoire approach. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 32(2), 229-245. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2014.992644
  • Burke P.J. (2003) Introduction. In P.J. Burke, T.J. Owens, R.T. Serpe, & P.A. Thoits (Eds.), Advances in identity theory and research (pp. 1-7). Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Castells, M. (2001). The Internet galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, business and society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Chassy, P. (2015). How language shapes social perception. In D. Evans (Ed.), Language and identity: Discourse in the world (pp. 36-51). London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Cleveland, M., Laroche, M., & Papadopoulos, N., (2015), You are what you speak? Globalization, multilingualism, consumer dispositions and consumption, Journal of Business Research, 68(3), 542-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.09.008
  • Cohn, A. C., & Ravindranath, M. (2014). Local languges in Indonesia: Language maintenance or language shift? Linguistik Indonesia, 32(2), 131–148.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, California : SAGE.
  • Darvin, R. (2016). Language and identity in the digital age. In S. Preece (Ed.). The Routledge handbook of language and identity (pp. 523-540). New York: Routledge.
  • Delors, J. (1996). Learning, the Treasure Within: Report to Unesco of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century. Paris: Unesco Publishing.
  • Dragojevic, M., Gasiorek, J., & Giles, H. (2016). Accommodative strategies as core of the theory. In H. Giles (Ed.), Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts (pp. 36-59). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Drummond, R. (2018). Researching urban youth language and identity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Edwards, J. (2009). Language and identity: An introduction (Key topics in Sociolinguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fitriati, A., & Wardani, M. (2020). Language attitudes and language choice among students in Yogyakarta: A case study at Universitas Sanata Dharma. IJHS (International Journal of Humanity Studies, 3(2), 239–250.
  • Furmuzachi, G. (2007). Language, identity and multiculturalism. Berlin: Logos Verlag.
  • Gasiorek, J. (2016). Theoretical perspectives on interpersonal adjustments in language and communication. In H. Giles (Ed.), Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts (pp. 13–35). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316226537.002
  • Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. R. (2011). Language and learning in the digital age. New York: Routledge.
  • Goebel, Z. (2010). Language, migration, and identity: Neighborhood talk in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hamers, J.F. & Blanc, M.H.A. (2003). Bilinguality and Bilingualism (2nd Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hamied, F. A. (2012). English in multicultural and multilingual Indonesian education. In A. Kirkpatrick & R. Sussex (Eds.), English as an international language in Asia: Implications for language education (pp. 63–78). London: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4578-0
  • Hashim, F., Soopar, A. A., & Hamid, A. B. (2017). Linguistic features of Malaysian students’ online communicative language in an academic setting: The case of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Akademika, 87(1), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2017-8701-17
  • Joseph, J. E. (2004). Language and identity: National, ethnic, religious (1st Ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Juningsih, L. (2015). Multikulturalisme di Yogyakarta dalam perspektif sejarah. Pergulatan Multikulturalisme di Yogyakarta dalam Perspektif Bahasa, Sastra, dan Sejarah. Seminar Dies ke-22 Fakultas Sastra. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta.
  • Kaplan, A., & Flum, H. (2012). Identity formation in educational settings: A critical focus for education in the 21st century. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 37(3), 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2012.01.005
  • Kemdikbud (Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan). (2018). Badan Bahasa petakan 652 bahasa daerah di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2018/07/badan-bahasa-petakan-652-bahasa-daerah-di-indonesia
  • Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kirkpatrick, A. (2011). English as an Asian lingua franca and the multilingual model of
  • ELT. Language Teaching, 44(2), 212-224. doi:10.1017/S0261444810000145
  • Kirkpatrick, A. (2012). English as an international language in Asia: Implications for language education. Multilingual education, 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007- 4578-0
  • Lee, S. K., Lee, K. S., Wong, F. F., & Ya'acob, A. (2010). The English language and its impact on identities of multilingual Malaysian undergraduates. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 10(1), 87-101.
  • Liddicoat, A.J., (2002). Static and dynamic views of culture and intercultural language acquisition. Babel, 36(3), 4–11.
  • Liddicoat, A.J., & Scarino, A. (2013). Intercultural language teaching and learning. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Liddicoat, A. J., & Taylor-Leech, K. (2014). Micro language planning for multilingual education: Agency in local contexts. Current issues in language planning, 15(3), 237- 244. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2014.915454
  • Lie, A. (2017). English and identity in multicultural contexts: Issues, challenges, and opportunities. TEFLIN Journal. 28(1), 71-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v28i1/71-92
  • Meyerhoff, M. (2006). Introducing Sociolinguistics. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.
  • Nugraha, F. M. (2019). Code mixing as a form of Indonesian identity based on the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. International Review of Humanities Studies, 4(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v4i1.108
  • Nurani, L. M. (2015). Changing language loyalty and identity: An ethnographic inquiry of societal transformation among the Javanese people in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, US.
  • Nursanti, E., Andriyanti, E., Kurnianta, P. & Sudartinah, T., (2020). Patterns of language use among multilingual university students majoring in English. LITERA, 2(20), 231– 244.
  • Ojongnkpot, C. B. O. (2017). Urban youth language use in social media in Anglophone Cameroon: A morpho-syntactic analysis of Camfranglais among University of Buea students. In A. Ebongue & E. Hurst (Eds.), Sociolinguistics in African contexts (pp. 287–300). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Ortiz, A. M. & Santoz, S. J. (2010). Campus diversity and ethnic identity development. Diversity & democracy: Civic learning for shared futures, 13, 5-7.
  • Preece, S. (2009). Posh Talk: Language and Identity in Higher Education. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Pusdatin Kemenristekdikti. (2018). Higher education statistical year book 2018. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Iptek Dikti.
  • Quist, P. (2005). New Speech varieties among immigrant youth in Copenhagen - a case study. Sprachgrenzen überspringen. Sprachliche Hybridität und polykulturelles Selbstverständnis, 145-161.
  • Ravindranath, M., & Cohn, A. C. (2014). Can a language with millions of speakers be endangered? Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 7, 64–75.
  • Riley, P. (2007). Language, culture and identity. London: Continuum.
  • Rini, J. (2014). English in Indonesia: Its position among other languages in Indonesia. Beyond Words, 2(2), 19–40.
  • Rohmah, Z. (2005). English as a global language: Its historical past and its future. Jurnal Bahasa & Seni, 33(1), 107.
  • Silverman, D. & Masvasti, A. (2008). Doing qualitative research: A comprehensive guide. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
  • Sitokdana, M. N. N., Tanone, R., & Tanaem, P. F. (2019). Digitalization of the local language dictionary of Pegunungan Bintang. Procedia Computer Science, 161, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.098
  • Smith-Hefner, N. J. (2007). Youth language, gaul sociability, and the new Indonesian middle class. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 17(2), 184-203. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315675824-19
  • Smith-Hefner, N. J. (2009). Language shift, gender, and ideologies of modernity in central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 19(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01019.x.T
  • Subroto, D. E., Dwirahardjo, M., & Setiawan, B. (2008). Endangered Krama and Krama Inggil varieties of the Javanese language. Linguistik Indonesia, 26(1), 89–96.
  • Thomas Muñoz, R. (2019). Promote local culture and products. In L. F. Walter (Ed.) Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 1–9). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Tomlinson, M. & Jackson, D. (2021) Professional identity formation in contemporary higher education students. Studies in Higher Education, 46(4), 885-900. doi:10.1080/03075079.2019.1659763.
  • Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Mcgarty, C. (1994). Personal and social identity: self and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 454– 463.
  • Vander Klok, J. (2019). The Javanese language at risk? Perspectives from an East Java village. Language Documentation & Conservation, 13, 300–345.
  • Verheijen, L. (2017). WhatsApp with social media slang?: Youth language use in Dutch written computer-mediated communication. In D. Fišer & M. Beißwenger (Eds.), Investigating computer-mediated communication: Corpus-based approaches to language in the digital world (pp. 72–101). Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete UL.
  • Warschauer, M. & Matuchniak, T. (2010). New technology and digital words: Analyzing evidence of equity in access, use, and outcomes. Review of research in education, 34(1), 179-225.
  • Winarni, F. (2018). Aspek hukum peran serta masyarakat dalam pelestarian cagar budaya. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 30(1), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.29160
  • Zentz, L. (2012). Global language identities and ideologies in an Indonesian university context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
  • Zein, S. (2018). English, multilingualism and globalisation in Indonesia. English Today, 1–6. doi:10.1017/s026607841800010x
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emi Nursanti This is me 0000-0001-8739-9357

Erna Andriyanti This is me 0000-0002-1503-2377

Publication Date April 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Nursanti, E., & Andriyanti, E. (2021). Language Identities of Multilingual College English Learners in Indonesia. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 316-337. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.911403