Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümünde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Dört Yıllık Eğitim Sürecindeki Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Problem Durumu: Özel yetenek sınavlarıyla Beden eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokullarına giren öğrenciler ya iyi bir spor özgeçmişine, ya da çok iyi bir ön hazırlığa ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bir başka ifadeyle Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bölümlerine giren öğrencilerin fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri, elit sporcuların profilleriyle benzerlik göstermektedir. Fakat özellikle Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu tarafından belirlenen ve tüm Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği bölümlerinin zorunlu olarak uyguladığı ders programlarındaki teorik derslerin fazlalılığı ve yoğun bir müfredat programı sonrasında öğrenci, okul ya da spor arasında bir tercih yapmak zorunda kalmaktadır.

Büyük bir çoğunluğu gelecekte iyi bir mesleğe sahip olabilmek için okulu tercih ederek spordan uzaklaşmaktadırlar. Son sınıfa gelindiğinde de ise öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu sedanter bir insan profiline dönüşmektedir. İnsanlarımızın sağlıklı ve kaliteli bir yaşam sürdürebilmeleri için spora yönlendirilmesinde, yetenekli insanların tespit edilmesinde önemli bir görev üstlenen, öğrencilerine ve topluma model olan beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin yetiştirilmesindeki bu çelişki düşündürücüdür.

Araştırmanın Amacı: Yukarıda bahsedilen problemlerden yola çıkılarak, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenliği bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerin okulu kazandıkları ilk yıldan itibaren dört yıl boyunca her yıl bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametlerinin ölçümlerinin yapılması ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Araştırmanın Yöntemi: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Okulunda, Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenliği Bölümünde okuyan 70 erkek, 50 kadın, toplam 120 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin okulu kazandıkları ilk yıldan itibaren dört yıl boyunca ilk yıl güz yarıyılında kasım ayında, diğer üç yılda bahar yarıyılında mayıs ayında, bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametlerinin ölçümleri yapıldı. Ölçümlerde, vücut ağırlıkları, boy uzunlukları, vücut yağ yüzdeleri, vücut kitle indexleri, esneklikleri, dikey sıçramaları, anaerobik ve aerobik güçleri tespit edildi. İstatistiksel değerlendirmelerde, repeated measures  analizi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar 0,01 ve 0,05 seviyesinde değerlendirildi.

Araştırmanın Bulguları: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin dört yıllık ölçümleri sonucunda,  tüm yıllarda bir önceki yıla göre vücut ağırlıkları, vücut yağ oranları ve anaerobik güçleri artmış, dikey sıçramaları mesafeleri, esneklik değerleri ve aerobik güçleri de azalmıştır. Tüm bu değişiklikler istatistiki olarak 0,01 düzeyinde de anlamlılığı ifade etmektedir.

Araştırmanın Sonuçları ve Öneriler: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Okulunun özel yetenek sınavına giren öğrencilerin profilleri sporcuların seviyelerindedir. Öğrencilerin bu performans seviyeleri her geçen yıl azalmaktadır. Hatta bu özellikleri dördüncü yıla gelindiğinde sedanter insanlar seviyesine kadar gerilemektedir. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin yoğun ders programları ve teorik derslerin fazlalığı, öğrencilere okul ya da spor arasında bir tercih yapma zorunluluğunda bırakmaktadır. Bu zorunluluk birçok öğrenci okulunu tercih etmesiyle sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu durum onları spordan uzaklaştıran önemli bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Sonuç olarak, çalışma bulguları Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümlerinin müfredat programlarının tekrar gözden geçirilerek düzenlenmesi gerekliliğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beden eğitimi ve spor,öğretmen,performans,fiziksel,fizyolojik

The Four-Year an Investigation of Physical and Physiological Features of Students in a Physical Education and Sports Department

Abstract

Problem Statement: Student candidates who want to be a Physical Education Teacher in Turkey should take special ability exams of Physical Education and Sports Schools. In this exam, it is required to have a high physical capability apart from a high level of special branch skills.  For this reason, the students who pass and start their education at physical education and sports schools either have a good history of sports or they are active sportsmen or they have passed through a good training period.  In other terms, they have high levels of physical and physiological capacity. But, the density of the curriculum at physical education teaching departments at Physical Education and Sports Schools, redundancy of theoretical courses which are defined and forced by Higher Education Council in Turkey to all the Physical Education and Sports Schools and from time to time the obligation to make a choice between school and active sportsmanship pull students away from active sportsmanship and regular training. After a dense curriculum program, the majority of students prefer education instead of sport activities and thus, when they reach their final year, they turn into sedentary people. This contradiction in the education of physical education teachers which is a model for the community and carries the task of selecting gifted people and directing people to sports for sustaining a healthy and quality life is thought-provoking.

Purpose of Study: In this study, it is aimed to measure and evaluate some physical and physiological parameters of students attending physical education and sports schools from the first year on until the fourth year by taking the arguments given above.

Methods: 70 male, 50 female and in total 120 students attending to Afyon Kocatepe University School of Physical Education and Sports took part in this study. Some physical and physiological parameters of the students were measured for three years in the Fall semester in November beginning from the first year on and in their final year, the measurements were made in the Spring term in May. Their weights, heights, body fat percentages, body mass indices and flexibilities, vertical jumps, anaerobic powers and aerobic capacities were identified with these measurements. Repeated measures analysis was used for statistical evaluation. The results were evaluated between 0,01 and 0,05 levels.

Findings and Results: Body weights, BMIs, body fat percentages, flexibility levels, anaerobic powers and aerobic capacities of students who go through an intense and difficult exam to matriculate School of Physical Education and Sports are at levels of sportsmen. These performance levels of students decrease each passing year. These traits decline even to the levels of sedentary people in the fourth year.

Conclusions and Recommendations: The students of School of Physical Education and Sports have an intense syllabus and the excess of theoretical courses prevent from regular training. Also, students in our country have to prepare for a tough theoretical exam after graduating university in order to be a teacher.  This obligation moves them away from sporting activities in their free times remaining form school. In the light of this result, it is necessary to revise curriculums of Physical Education and Sports Schools in our country which train students to be teachers both for students, sportsmen and teaching staff. 

Keywords

• Physical education and sports,teacher,performance,physical,physiological

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