The Effect of Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification

Year 2015, , 131 - 148, 30.10.2015

;kamile Demir

https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.60.8

Abstract

Problem of Study: Research on social exchange relationships does not take into account another vital component of organizational life—namely an individual’s sense of belonging and identity. Organizational identification is one of the most crucial factors holding employees together and keeping them committed to the organization. Many studies demonstrated that organizational identification is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Some researchers have suggested that organizational identification also might play an important role in social exchange processes. In recent years, the dominant approach has been to conceptualize the relationship among perceived organizational justice or perceived organizational support and organizational identification in terms of social identity as well as social exchange processes.

Purpose of Study: The purpose of the present study was to investigate how the organizational identification mediates the impact of perceptions of organizational justice and organizational support on organizational citizenship behaviors in the context of Turkish preschool teachers.

Methods: Data for this study were collected via a survey of 169 preschool teachers who completed measures of organizational citizenship behavior, organizational identification, organizational justice, and perceived organizational support. In analyzing the collected data, a two-step approach was adopted to test measured variables describing four latent constructs.

Findings and Results: The model was specified and tested using structural equation modeling and was found to fit the data reasonably. The study findings show that the model was found to be effective in explaining the variance of organizational citizenship behaviors. Perceived organizational justice and organizational support together explained 70% of the variance in teachers’ organizational identifications. Organizational identification explained 79% of the variance in teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors.

Conclusions and Recommendations: As an overall conclusion, the results of the study demonstrate that teachers’ identification with the school play a significant role in promoting organizational citizenship behaviors. Furthermore, this study’s findings also suggest that organizational identification serves as an integral mediating mechanism among teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors, perceived organizational justice, and organizational support based on exchange and identity theories. Because teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior improves school effectiveness, principals should understand the antecedents of these behaviors and beable to make use of them.

Keywords: Social exchange theory, social identity theory, preschool

Keywords

Social exchange theory, social identity theory, preschool

Örgütsel Adalet ve Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Örgütsel Vatandaşlığa Etkisi: Örgütsel Özdeşleşmenin Aracı Rolü

Abstract

Keywords

Sosyal takas teorisi, sosyal kimlik teorisi, okul öncesi

References

• Ashforth, B.E. & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 1, 20–39.
• Bogler, R. & Somech, A. (2005). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers’ organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools.Teaching and Teacher Education, 20(3), 277–289.
• Bolino, M.C., Hsiung, H., Harvey, J.,& LePine, J. A. (2015).“Well, I’m tired of tryin’!” Organizational citizenship behavior and citizenship fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 56–74.
• Cheung, M. F. Y. & Law, M. C. C. (2008). Relationships of organizational justice and organizational identification: The mediating effects of perceived organizational support in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Business Review, 14(2), 213–231.
• Cho, J. & Treadway, D. C. (2010). Organizational identification and perceived organizational support as mediators of the procedural justice–citizenship behaviour relationship: A cross-cultural constructive replication. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(5), 631–653.
• Colquitt, J. A., Greenberg, J., & Zapata-Phelan, C. P. (2005). What is organizational justice?: A historical overview. In J. Greenberg & J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), The handbook of organizational justice(pp. 3–56). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• DiPaola, M. F., Tarter, C. J., & Hoy, W. K. (2005). Measuring organizational citizenship in schools: The OCB scale. In W. K. Hoy & C. Miskel (Eds.), Educational leadership and reform, 319–342. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
• Dukerich, J.M., Golden, B.R., & Shortell, S.M. (2002). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: the impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 3, 507–533.
• Dutton, J.E., Dukerich, J.M., & Harquail, C.V. (1994) Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2, 239–263.
• Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500–507.
• Elma, C. (2013). The predictive value of teachers’ perception of organizational justice on job satisfaction. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 13 (51), 157–176.
• Fassina, N. E., Jones, D. A., & Uggerslev, K. L. (2008). Meta-analytic tests of relationships between organizational justice and citizenship behavior: Testing agent-system and shared-variance models. Journal of Organizational Behaviors, 29, 805–828.
• Hoy, W. K.,& Tarter, C. J. (2004). Organizational justice in schools: No justice without trust. International Journal of Educational Management, 18, 250–259.
• Kane, R.E., Magnusen, M. J., & Perrewe, P.L. (2012). Differential effects of identification on extra-role behavior. Career Development International, 17, 25–42.
• Karriker, J.,& Williams, M. (2009). Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Mediated Multifoci Model.Journal of Management, 35(1), 112–134.
• Lavelle, J., Rupp, D. E., & Brockner, J. (2007). Taking a multifoci approach to the study of justice, social exchange, and citizenship behavior: The target similarity model. Journal of Management, 33, 841–866.
• Li, N., Liang, J., & Crant, J. M. (2010). The role of proactive personality in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior: A relational perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 395–404.
• Lilly, J. (2015). The ımpact of justice type on organizational citizenship behavior: Do outcome favorability and leader behavior matter?Current Psychology, 34 (1), 26–49.
• Lipponen, J., Olkkonen, M.E., & Moilanen, M. (2004). Perceived procedural justice and employee responses to an organizational merger. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13, 391–413.
• Liu, Y. (2009). Perceived organizational support and expatriate organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of affective commitment towards the parent company. Personnel Review, 38(3), 307–319.
• Mael, F. & Ashforth, B.E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: a partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2, 103-123.
• Moorman, R.H., Blakely, G.L., & Niehoff, B.P. (1998). Does perceived organizational support mediate the relationship between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior? Academy of Management Journal, 41, 351–357.
• Nayir, F. (2012). The relationship between perceived organizational support and teachers’ organizational commitment.Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 12 (48), 97–116.
• Olkkonen, M. & Lipponen, J. (2006). Relationships between organizational justice, identification with organization and work unit, and group-related outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100, 202–215.
• Organ, D. W. (1988).Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
• Organ, D. W. (1990). The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, 12, 43–72. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestions for future research. Human Performance, 10 (2), 133–151.
• Podsakoff, N. P., Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Maynes, T. D., & Spoelma, T. M. (2014). Consequences of unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, 87–119.
• Randall, M. L., Cropanzano, R., Bormann, C. A. and Birjulin, A. (1999). Organizational politics and organizational support as predictors of work attitudes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behaviors, 20, 159–174.
• Rhoades, L. & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714.
• Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 825–836.
• Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: a meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2, 358–84.
• Roch, S. G.,& Shanock, L. R. (2006). Organizational justice in an exchange framework: Clarifying organizational justice distinctions. Journal of Management, 32, 299–322.
• Rousseau, D.M. (1998). Why workers still identify with organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 217–233.
• Schnake, M. E. & Dumler, M. P. (2003). Levels of measurement and analysis issues in organizational citizenship behaviour research. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 283–301.
• Sluss, D.M., Klimchak, M., & Holmes, J.J. (2008). Perceived organizational support as a mediator between relational exchange and organizational identification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 457–464.
• Somech, A.,& Drach-Zahavy, A. (2000). Understanding extra-role behavior in schools: The relationships between job satisfactions, sense of efficacy, and teachers’ extra-role behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 649-659.
• Somech, A. & Ron, I. (2007). Promoting organizational citizenship behavior in schools: The impact of individual and organizational characteristics. Educational Administration Quarterly, 5, 1–29.
• Stoner, J., Perrewé, P.L. and Hofacker, C. (2011). The development and validation of the multi-dimensional identification scale (MDIS). Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(7), 1632–1658.
• Tak, B. & Aydemir, B.A. (2004). Orgutsel ozdeslesme üzerine iki gorgul calısma. (Two empirical studies on organizational identification), 12. Ulusal Yonetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Bursa: Uludağ Universitesi.
• Tasdan, M. & Yilmaz, K. (2008). Organizational citizenship and organizational justice scales’ adaptation to Turkish. TED Egitim ve Bilim Dergisi, 33(150), 87–96.
• van Knippenberg, D., van Prooijenb, J.,& Sleebos, E. (2015). Beyond social exchange: Collectivism’s moderating role in the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24 (1), 152–160.
• Walumbwa, F. O.; Hartnell, C. A.; Oke, A. (2010). Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: A cross-level investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 517–529.
• Wat, D. & Shaffer, M.A. 2005. Equity and relationship quality influences on organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Review. 34(4), 406–422.
• Yılmaz, K. (2010). Devlet ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet algıları (Secondary Public School Teachers’ Perceptions about Organizational Justice). Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 10(1), 579–616.