The Correlation Between Critical and Creative Thinking Skills on Cognitive Learning Results

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 81, 99 - 114, 31.05.2019

Jodion Sıburıan Aloysius Duran Corebıma , İbrohim . Murni Saptasarı

Abstract

Purpose:  A correlational research was conducted to
reveal the correlation between critical thinking and creative thinking skills
on students' cognitive learning results in inquiry learning strategy and to reveal
the contribution of critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills to students’
cognitive learning results.

Method: The
population of this research was students of Biology Education Study Program in
the Education and Teacher Training Faculty of Jambi University, Indonesia in
the semester of 2017/2018 academic year. The instrument used was an essay test
to measure students’ critical and creative thinking skills, and their cognitive
learning results. The data were analyzed using multiple regression
analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 16 for Windows program at 5%
level. 

Findings: The results showed that: (1)
there was a significant correlation between critical thinking skills and
creative thinking skills on cognitive learning results, (2) the contribution of
critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills simultaneously to
cognitive learning results was 72.80%, (3) the effective contribution of
creative and critical thinking skills to cognitive learning results was 64.91%
and 7.89% respectively.

Implications for Research
and Practice: Lecturers can consider inquiry strategies as an alternative learning,
especially for new students in universities to empower critical thinking skills
and creative thinking skills, based on research results, that may have a big
contribution to cognitive learning results.

Keywords

critical thinking, creative thinking, cognitive learning results, and inquiry strategy

References

• Abraham, A. (2015). Gender and creativity: An overview of psychological and neuroscientific literature. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 10(2), 609-618. doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9410-8
• Aizikovitsh-Udi, E., & Amit, M. (2011). Developing the skills of critical and creative thinking by probability teaching. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1087-1091. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.243
• Aktaş, G.S., & Ünlü, M. (2013). Critical thinking skills of teacher candidates of elementary Mathematics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 831-835. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.288
• Alghafri, A. S., & Bin Ismail, H. N. (2014). The effects of ıntegrating creative and critical thinking on schools students' thinking. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(6), 518-525. doi:10.7763/IJSSH.2014.V4.410
• Al-Jarf, R. (2009). Enhancing freshman students’ writing skills with a mind mapping software. Paper presented at the 5th International Scientific Conference, eLearning and Software for Education, Bucharest, April 2009.
• Alrubaie, F., & Daniel, E. G. (2014). Developing a creative thinking test for Iraqi physics students. International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research, 2(1), 80-84.
• Alter, F. (2009). Understanding the role of critical and creative thinking in Australian primary school visual arts education. International Art in Early Childhood Research Journal, 1(1), 1-12.
• Andrini, V. S. (2016). The effectiveness of ınquiry learning method to enhance students’ learning outcome: A theoritical and empirical review. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(3), 38-42.
• Arif, M. (2014). Penerapan aplikasi anates bentuk soal pilihan Ganda [The ımplementation of anates application in the form of multiple choice questions]. Jurnal Ilmiah Edutic, 1(1), 1- 9.
• Arikunto, S. (2013). Prosedur Penelitian, Suatu Pendekatan Praktik[Research Procedure, A Practice Approach]. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
• Avsec, S., & Kocijancic, S. (2014). The effect of the use of an inquiry-based approach in an open learning middle school hydraulic turbine optimisation course. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 12(3), 329-337.
• Azizmalayer, K., Jafari, E. M., Sharif, M., Asgari, M., & Omidi, M. (2012). The impact of guided inquiry methods of teaching on the critical thinking of high school students. Journal of Education and Practice, 3(10), 42-48.
• Baker, M., & Rudd, R. (2001). Relationships between critical and creative thinking. Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, 51(1), 173-188.
• Barrouillet, P. (2015). Theories of cognitive development: From Piaget to today. Developmental Review, 38, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2015.07.004
• Birgili, B. (2015). Creative and critical thinking skills in problem-based learning environments. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 2(2), 71-80. doi:10.18200/JGEDC.2015214253
• Breivik, J. (2016). Critical thinking in online educational discussions measured as progress through ınquiry phases: A discussion of the cognitive presence construct in the community of ınquiry framework. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education, 32(1), 1-15.
• Bybee, R. W. (2002). Learning science and the science of learning. Arlington, Virgina: National Science Teachers Association.
• Cevher, E., & Yuksel, H. (2015). In regards to higher education strategy, assessment of educational activities in public universities: The case of Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 61, 237-256.
• Chang, Y., Li, B.-D., Chen, H.-C., & Chiu, F.-C. (2015). Investigating the synergy of critical thinking and creative thinking in the course of integrated activity in Taiwan. Educational Psychology, 35(3), 341-360. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.920079
• Chukwuyenum, A. N. (2013). Impact of critical thinking on performance in mathematics among senior secondary school students in Lagos State. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 3(5), 18-25.
• Corebima, A. D. (2006). Pembelajaran Biologi yang memberdayakan kemampuan berpikir siswa [Biology learning which empowers students' thinking skills]. Paper presented at Pelatihan Strategi Metakognitif pada Pembelajaran Biologi untuk Guru-guru Biologi SMA di Kota Palangkaraya, 23 Agustus.
• Crawford, B. A. (2007). Learning to teach science as ınquiry in the rough and tumble of practice. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(4), 613-642. doi:10.1002/tea.20157
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4rd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, Publicatios, Inc. Washington DC. Retrieved March 27, 2019 from: https://gul.gu.se/public/pp/public_file_archive.
• Cruz, G., Payan-Carreira, R., & Dominguez, C. (2017). Critical thinking education in the portuguese higher education institutions: a systematic review of educational practices. Revista Lusófona de Educação, 38, 43-61. doi:10.24140/issn.1645-7250.rle38.03
• Daskolia, M., Dimos, A., & Kampylis, P. G. (2012). Secondary teachers’ conceptions of creative thinking within the context of environmental education. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 7(2), 269-290.
• Dehghani, M., Sani, H. J., Pakmehr, H., & Malekzadeh, A. (2011). Relationship between students' critical thinking and self-efficacy beliefs in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2952-2955. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.221
• Duran, M., & Dökme, İ. (2016). The effect of the inquiry-based learning approach on student’s critical-thinking skills. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(12), 2887-2908. doi:10.12973/eurasia.2016.02311a
• Eberbach, C., & Crowley, K. (2009). From everyday to scientific observation: How children learn to observe the Biologist’s World. Review of Educational Research Spring 2009, 79(1), 39-68. doi:10.3102/0034654308325899
• Fuad, N. M., Zubaidah, S., Mahanal, S., & Suarsini, E. (2017). Improving junior high schools’ critical thinking skills based on test three different models of learning. International Journal of Instruction, 10(1), 101-116. doi:10.12973/tused.10214a
• Hadzigeorgiou, Y., Fokialis, P., & Kabouropoulou, M. (2012). Thinking about creativity in science education. Creative Education, 3(5), 603-611. doi:10.4236/ce.2012.35089
• Harlen, W. (2014). Helping children’s development of inquiry skills. Inquiry in Primary Science Education (IPSE), 1, 5-19.
• Hashemi, S. A. (2011). The use of critical thinking in social science textbooks of high school: A field study of fars province in Iran. International Journal of Instruction, 4(1), 63-78.
• Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Duncan, R. G., & Chinn, C. A. (2007). Scaffolding and achievement in problem- based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirchner, Sweller, and Clark (2006). Educational Psychologist, 42(2), 99-107.
• Iakovos, T. (2011). Critical and creative thinking in the English language classroom. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(8), 82-88.
• Kabeel, A. R., & Eisa, S. A.-M. (2016). The correlation of critical thinking disposition and approaches to learning among baccalaureate nursing student. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(32), 91-103.
• Keles, Ö. (2012). Elementary teacher's‟ views on mind mapping. International Journal of Education, 4(1), 93-100. doi:10.5296/ije.v4i1.1327
• Kitot, A. K., Ahmad, A. R., & Seman, A. A. (2010). The effectiveness of ınquiry teaching in enhancing students’ critical thinking. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 264-273. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.037
• Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of bloom's taxonomy: An overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(4), 212-218. doi:10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2
• Lin, C.-S., & Wu, R. Y.-W. (2016). Effects of web-based creative thinking teaching on students’ creativity and learning outcome. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(6), 1675-1684. doi:10.12973/eurasia.2016.1558a
• Llewellyn, D. (2013). Teaching high school science through ınquiry and argumentation. California: Corwin A Sage Company.
• Lujan, H. L., & DiCarlo, S. E. (2006). Too much teaching, not enough learning: What is the solution? Advances in Physiology Education, 30, 17-22. doi:10.1152/advan.00061.2005
• Martincová, J., & Lukešová, M. (2015). Critical thinking as a tool for managing ıntercultural conflicts. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 1255-1264. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.239
• Marzano, R. J., Brandt, R. S., Jones, B. F., Presseisen, B. Z., Rankin, S. C., & Suhor, C. (1988). Dimensions of thinkkig: A framework for curriculum and ınstruction. Alexandria, Virgina: The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
• Massa, S. (2014). The development of critical thinking ın primary school: The role of teachers’ beliefs. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 387-392. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.068
• Michalopoulou, A. (2014). Inquiry-based learning through the creative thinking and expression in early years education. Creative Education, 5, 377-385. doi:10.4236/ce.2014.56047
• Minner, D. D., Levy, A. J., & Century, J. (2010). Inquiry-based science ınstruction- what ıs ıt and does ıt matter? Results from a research synthesis years 1984 to 2002. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47(4), 474-496. doi:10.1002/tea.20347
• Nami, Y., Marsooli, H., & Ashouri, M. (2014). The relationship between creativity and academic achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 114, 36-39. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.652
• Njoroge, G. N., Changeiywo, J. M., & Ndirangu, M. (2014). Effects of inquiry-based teaching approach on secondary school students’ achievement and motivation in Physics in Nyeri County, Kenya. International Journal of Academic Research in Education and Review, 2(1), 1-16.
• Oghenevwede, O. E. (2010). Effects Of discovery and ınquiry approaches in teaching and learning of Biology on secondary schools students' performance in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Education and Society, 1(1), 30-39.
• Olukayode, O. J. (2012). Inquiry method, teacher guided discussion method and student’s attitude and performance in social studies. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(15), 54 - 59.
• Opara, J. A. (2011). Inquiry method and student academic achievement in Biology: Lessons and policy ımplication. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 6(1), 28-31.
• Page, D., & Mukherjee, A. (2006). Using negotiation excercises to promote critical thinking skills. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, 33, 71-78.
• Prince, M. J., & Felder, R. M. (2006). Inductive teaching and learning methods: definitions, comparisons, and research bases. J. Engr. Education, 95(2), 123-138.
• Rabu, S. N., Aris, B., & Tasir, Z. (2013). Teaching critical thinking through online instructor scaffolding: A conceptual framework. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 97, 314-319. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.239
• Sadeh, I., & Zion, M. (2012). Which type of ınquiry project do high school biology students prefer: open or guided? Res Sci Educ, 42, 831-848. doi:10.1007/s11165-011-9222-9
• Seyihoğlu, A., & Kartal, A. (2010). The views of the teachers about the mind mapping technique in the elementary life science and social studies lessons based on the constructivist method. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri/Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 10(3), 1637-1656.
• Smallhorn, M., Young, J., Hunter, N., & Da Silva, K. B. (2015). Inquiry-based learning to improve student engagement in a large first year topic. Student Success, 6(2), 65-71. doi:10.5204/ssj.v6i2.292
• Sugiyono. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R & D [Research methods quantitative, qualitative and R & D]. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
• Taghva, F., Rezael, N., Ghaderi, J., & Taghva, R. (2014). Studying the relationship between critical thinking skills and students’ educational achievement (Eghlid Universities as case study). International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 25, 18-25.doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.25.18
• Thompson, C. (2011). Critical Thinking across the Curriculum: Process over Output. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(9), 1-7.
• Treffinger, D. J., Young, G. C., Selby, E. C., & Shepardson, C. (2002). Assessing creativity: A guide for educators. The National Research Center on The Gifted and Talented. Center for Creative Learning, Sarasota: Florida.
• Ulger, K. (2016). The relationship between creative thinking and critical thinking skills of students. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (H.U. Journal of Education), 31(4), 695-710. doi:10.16986/HUJE.2016018493
• Unlu, S. (2018). Curriculum development study for teacher education supporting critical thinking. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 76, 165-186. doi:10.14689/ejer.2018.76.9
• Vasudevan, H. (2013). The ınfluence of teachers’ creativity, attitude and commitment on students’ proficiency of the english language. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 1(2), 12-19.
• Vieira, R. M., Tenreiro-Vieira, C., & Martins, I. P. (2011). Critical thinking: Conceptual clarification and its importance in science education. Science Education International, 22(1), 43-54.
• Weinstein, D. (2014). Teaching idea. Mind maps: A lesson In creativity. The Utah Journal of Literacy, 17(1), 44-51.
• Widoyoko, S., E., P. (2014). Teknik penyusunan ınstrumen penelitian [Research ınstrument technique]. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
• Yusnaeni, Susilo, H., Corebima, A. D., & Zubaidah, S. (2016). Hubungan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif pada Pembelajaran Search Solve Create and Solve di SMA [The Correlation between crerative Thinking Skills and Cognitive Learning Results in Search Solve Create and Solve Learning at Senior High School].Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi 2016. Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 443-446.
• Živković, S. (2016). A model of critical thinking as an ımportant attribute for success in the 21st Century. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 102-108. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.034
• Zubaidah, S. (2010). Berpikir Kritis: Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi yang Dapat Dikembangkan melalui Pembelajaran Sains [Higher Order Thinking Skills which can be developed through Science Learning].A paper presented at Seminar Nasional Sains 2010 with the theme “Optimalisasi Sains untuk Memberdayakan Manusia” di Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 16 January.
• Zubaidah, S., Corebima, A. D., & Mistianah. (2015). Asesmen Berpikir Kritis Terintegrasi Tes Essay [Critical Thinking Assessment integrated with Essay Tests].A paper presented at Simposium on Biology Education, Jurusan Biologi FKIP Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta, 4-5 April 2015.
• Zubaidah, S., Fuad, N. M., Mahanal, S., & Suarsini, E. (2017). Improving creative thinking skills of students through differentiated science ınquiry ıntegrated with mind map. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 14(4), 77-91. doi:10.12973/tused.10214a