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Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and their Relationship with Work Ethic

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 60, 201 - 220, 30.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12

Abstract

Problem Situation: People experience ups and downs in their job satisfaction and motivation levels at different points of their work lives for various reasons. One of the outputs of low job satisfaction and motivation is defined as “withdrawal behaviors” in the literature. Withdrawal behaviors are any employee behavior of withdrawal from duties and responsibilities as a result of a distance that grows between the employee and the organization. It is an important necessity to investigate such behaviors at educationalinstitutions. Determining teachers’ withdrawal behaviors will be useful in enabling more effective and successful performance of their job. Also, considering that their withdrawal behaviors adversely affect the students’ success, investigation of such behaviors is an important necessity in respect to the quality of education.

Purpose: This study aims to identify teachers’ withdrawal behaviors and the relationship between such behaviors and work ethics based on the views of teachers and school administrators serving in public elementary schools.

Method: Designed in single and relational screening models, the study was conducted using a mixed research method. The study sample in quantitative dimension is comprised of 381 elementary school teachers and 198 elementary school administrators. Under the quantitative dimension of the study, 15 elementary school teachers and 15 school administrators were interviewed. Teachers’ withdrawal behaviors were studied using the “Withdrawal Behaviors Scale” and their views on work ethics were studied using the “Work Ethics Scale.” The quantitative data was collected using a semi-structured form.

Findings: According the results attained, teachers believe that they seldom exhibit physical and psychological withdrawal behaviors at school.  School administrators, similarly, also believe that teachers seldom exhibit physical and psychological withdrawal behaviors. Of the physical withdrawal behaviors exhibited by the public elementary schools in Ankara, prolonging intermissions between the class sessions is the most common. This behavior is followed by not participating in in-service trainings, seminars, and symposia. As a psychological withdrawal behavior, the most common, according to the teachers, is expressing the intent to leave the school or profession at every opportunity, and the most common, according to the school administrators, is chatting with colleagues during work hours. There is a significant negative relationship between the physical and psychological withdrawal behaviors and the work-orientedsub-dimensions, which are dedication to work and commitment to duty. While there is a low level of significant positive relationship between the physical withdrawal behaviors and the delight-oriented dimension of attributing success to external factors, there is a low level of significant positive relationship between psychological withdrawal behaviors and the delight-oriented sub-dimensions of attributing success to external factors and utilitarianism.

Results and Recommendations: A decrease in teachers’ ethical values such as dedication to work and commitment to duty leads to an increase in physical and psychological withdrawal behaviors. Therefore, to decrease the teachers’ physical and psychological withdrawal behaviors, it must be ensured that they adopt puritan ethical values, including dedication to work and commitment to duty. With this in mind, in order for teachers to care more for their profession and fulfill their duties with care, school administrators must ensure that teachers feel trusted and valued, and must pay attention to allow them to take more initiative in school activities.

Keywords.Physical withdrawal, psychological withdrawal, work ethics, job satisfaction, motivation, teachers.

References

  • Balci, A. (2010). Sosyalbilimlerde arastırma yontem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research methods, techniques and principles in social science].(8. Baski). Ankara: PegemA Yayincilik.
  • Bayram, L. (2005). Yonetimde yeni bir paradigma: Orgütsel baglilik [A new paradigm in management: Organizational commitment]. Sayistay Dergisi, 59, 125 – 139.
  • Bozkurt, V. (2000).Puritanizmden hedonizme yeni calisma etigi[New work ethic from püritanizm to hedonism]. Bursa: ALESTA Basim Yayim Dagitim.
  • Brauchle, P. E., &Azam, M. S. (2003). Supervisor’s perceptions of the work attitudes of two groups of employees.Journal of Technology Studies, 29 (2), 65-68.
  • Carmeli, A. (2004). The relationship between organizational culture and withdrawal intentions and behavior.International Journal of Manpower, 26 (2), 177-195.
  • Fisher, A. (2004). Turning clock-watchers into stars.Fortune, 149 (6), 60.
  • Hudspeth, N. A. (2003). Examining the MWEP: Further validation of the multidimensional work ethic profile (Master Thesis).Texas A&M University.Retrieved from http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/130/etd-tamu-2003A-2003032616-Huds-1.pdf?sequence=1.
  • Judge, T. A. & Martocchio, J. J. (1996). Dispositional influences on attributions concerning absenteeism. Journal of Management, 22(6), 837-861.
  • Lehman, W. E. K., & Simpson, D. D. (1992).Employee Substance Use and On-the Job Behaviors.Journal of Applied Psychology, 77 (3), 309-321.
  • MoE.(2014a). Milli Egitim Bakanligina Bagli Egitim Kurumlari Yoneticilerinin Gorevlendirilmelerine İliskin Yonetmelik. T. C. Resmi Gazete, Sayi: 29026, 10 Haziran 2014.
  • MoE.(2014b). Milli Egitim Bakanligi Okul Oncesi Egitim ve Ilkögretim Kurumlari Yonetmeligi. T. C. Resmi Gazete, Sayi: 29072, 26 Temmuz 2014.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994).Qualitative data analysis. Sage Publication, London.
  • Miller, M. J., Woehr, D. J. & Hudspeth, N. (2001). The meaning and measurement of work ethic: Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 1–39.
  • Mirsepasi, N., Memarzadeh G., Alipour H., &Feizi M. (2012).Citizenship and withdrawal behaviors in contingency cultures. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2 (9), 9398-9406.
  • Oh, K. H. (1995). The impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on withdrawal: A cross-cultural approach (Doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, California.
  • Ratnasingam, P. (2012). Do employees mirror their supervisors’ work withdrawal behaviors? Examining the supervisor-to-subordinate work withdrawal contagion phenomenon (Doctoral dissertation).Houston Üniversitesi. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3536538).
  • Redmond, B. F. (2014). Withdrawal behaviors.Penn State WikiSpaces.Retrieved from https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/13.+Withdrawal+Behaviors
  • Sehbaradar, S., Ebrahimpour, H., &Hasanzadeh, M. (2013). Investigating the relationship between organizational justice and withdrawal behaviour among the employees of ardabil technical & vocational training organization. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research (IJMSSR), 2 (3), 93-99.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003).Evaluating the fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-Of-Fit Measures.Methods of Psychological Research-Online, 8 (2), 23-74.
  • Shockley, K. (2012). Factors influencing teacher absenteeism in a Middle Tennessee school system. (Doctoral dissertation).Tennessee State University. Paper AAI3552863.
  • Spendolini, M. J. (1985). Employee withdrawal behavior: Expanding the concept (Turnover, Absenteeism) (Doctoral dissertation). California Üniversitesi, Irvine. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 8516557).
  • Yousef, D. A. (2001).Islamic work ethic – A moderator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross#cultural context.Personnel Review, 30 (2), 152 – 169.

Öğretmenlerin İşten Geri Çekilme Davranışları ve Çalışma Etiği ile İlişkisi

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 60, 201 - 220, 30.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12

Abstract

References

  • Balci, A. (2010). Sosyalbilimlerde arastırma yontem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research methods, techniques and principles in social science].(8. Baski). Ankara: PegemA Yayincilik.
  • Bayram, L. (2005). Yonetimde yeni bir paradigma: Orgütsel baglilik [A new paradigm in management: Organizational commitment]. Sayistay Dergisi, 59, 125 – 139.
  • Bozkurt, V. (2000).Puritanizmden hedonizme yeni calisma etigi[New work ethic from püritanizm to hedonism]. Bursa: ALESTA Basim Yayim Dagitim.
  • Brauchle, P. E., &Azam, M. S. (2003). Supervisor’s perceptions of the work attitudes of two groups of employees.Journal of Technology Studies, 29 (2), 65-68.
  • Carmeli, A. (2004). The relationship between organizational culture and withdrawal intentions and behavior.International Journal of Manpower, 26 (2), 177-195.
  • Fisher, A. (2004). Turning clock-watchers into stars.Fortune, 149 (6), 60.
  • Hudspeth, N. A. (2003). Examining the MWEP: Further validation of the multidimensional work ethic profile (Master Thesis).Texas A&M University.Retrieved from http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/130/etd-tamu-2003A-2003032616-Huds-1.pdf?sequence=1.
  • Judge, T. A. & Martocchio, J. J. (1996). Dispositional influences on attributions concerning absenteeism. Journal of Management, 22(6), 837-861.
  • Lehman, W. E. K., & Simpson, D. D. (1992).Employee Substance Use and On-the Job Behaviors.Journal of Applied Psychology, 77 (3), 309-321.
  • MoE.(2014a). Milli Egitim Bakanligina Bagli Egitim Kurumlari Yoneticilerinin Gorevlendirilmelerine İliskin Yonetmelik. T. C. Resmi Gazete, Sayi: 29026, 10 Haziran 2014.
  • MoE.(2014b). Milli Egitim Bakanligi Okul Oncesi Egitim ve Ilkögretim Kurumlari Yonetmeligi. T. C. Resmi Gazete, Sayi: 29072, 26 Temmuz 2014.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994).Qualitative data analysis. Sage Publication, London.
  • Miller, M. J., Woehr, D. J. & Hudspeth, N. (2001). The meaning and measurement of work ethic: Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 1–39.
  • Mirsepasi, N., Memarzadeh G., Alipour H., &Feizi M. (2012).Citizenship and withdrawal behaviors in contingency cultures. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2 (9), 9398-9406.
  • Oh, K. H. (1995). The impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on withdrawal: A cross-cultural approach (Doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, California.
  • Ratnasingam, P. (2012). Do employees mirror their supervisors’ work withdrawal behaviors? Examining the supervisor-to-subordinate work withdrawal contagion phenomenon (Doctoral dissertation).Houston Üniversitesi. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3536538).
  • Redmond, B. F. (2014). Withdrawal behaviors.Penn State WikiSpaces.Retrieved from https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/13.+Withdrawal+Behaviors
  • Sehbaradar, S., Ebrahimpour, H., &Hasanzadeh, M. (2013). Investigating the relationship between organizational justice and withdrawal behaviour among the employees of ardabil technical & vocational training organization. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research (IJMSSR), 2 (3), 93-99.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003).Evaluating the fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-Of-Fit Measures.Methods of Psychological Research-Online, 8 (2), 23-74.
  • Shockley, K. (2012). Factors influencing teacher absenteeism in a Middle Tennessee school system. (Doctoral dissertation).Tennessee State University. Paper AAI3552863.
  • Spendolini, M. J. (1985). Employee withdrawal behavior: Expanding the concept (Turnover, Absenteeism) (Doctoral dissertation). California Üniversitesi, Irvine. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 8516557).
  • Yousef, D. A. (2001).Islamic work ethic – A moderator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross#cultural context.Personnel Review, 30 (2), 152 – 169.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özge Erdemli

Publication Date October 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 15 Issue: 60

Cite

APA Erdemli, Ö. (2015). Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and their Relationship with Work Ethic. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15(60), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12
AMA Erdemli Ö. Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and their Relationship with Work Ethic. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. October 2015;15(60):201-220. doi:10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12
Chicago Erdemli, Özge. “Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and Their Relationship With Work Ethic”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 15, no. 60 (October 2015): 201-20. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12.
EndNote Erdemli Ö (October 1, 2015) Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and their Relationship with Work Ethic. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 15 60 201–220.
IEEE Ö. Erdemli, “Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and their Relationship with Work Ethic”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 15, no. 60, pp. 201–220, 2015, doi: 10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12.
ISNAD Erdemli, Özge. “Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and Their Relationship With Work Ethic”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 15/60 (October 2015), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12.
JAMA Erdemli Ö. Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and their Relationship with Work Ethic. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2015;15:201–220.
MLA Erdemli, Özge. “Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and Their Relationship With Work Ethic”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 15, no. 60, 2015, pp. 201-20, doi:10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12.
Vancouver Erdemli Ö. Teachers’ Withdrawal Behaviors and their Relationship with Work Ethic. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2015;15(60):201-20.