Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia.

Volume: 7 Number: 4 December 1, 2010
  • Syed Wasif Gillani
  • Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
  • Juman Abdulelah Ali
EN TR

Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Keywords

References

  1. Davies P O, Yew W, Ganguly D, Davidow A L, Reichman L B, Dheda K, Rook G A. Smoking and tuberculosis: the epi- demiological association and immunopathogenesis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006;100:291-8.
  2. Hassmiller K. The association between smoking and tu- berculosis. Salud Pşblica de México 2006;(48):201-16.
  3. Bates M, Khalakdina A, Pai M, Chang L, Lessa F, Smith K. Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med, 2007;167:335-41
  4. Lin H, Ezzati M, MurrayM. Tobacco smoke, indoor air pol- lution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta- analysis. PLoS Medicine 2007;(4):173-7
  5. Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R. Indoor air pollu- tion in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000;78:1078-92.
  6. Wiklinson L. Sir Austin Bradford Hill: medical statistics and the quantitative approach to prevention of disease. Addiction 2000;92:657-66.
  7. Reichler M, Reves R, Bur S, et al. Evaluation of investi- gations conducted to detect and prevent transmission of tuberculosis. Am Med Assoc 2002;287(22):2944-49
  8. Frieden T, Fujiwara P, Washko R, Hamburg M. Tuberculosis in New York City-turning the tide. N Engl J Med 1995;333:229–33.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

-

Authors

Syed Wasif Gillani This is me

Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman This is me

Juman Abdulelah Ali This is me

Publication Date

December 1, 2010

Submission Date

April 27, 2015

Acceptance Date

-

Published in Issue

Year 2010 Volume: 7 Number: 4

APA
Gillani, S. W., Sulaiman, S. A. S., & Ali, J. A. (2010). Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia. European Journal of General Medicine, 7(4), 389-397. https://izlik.org/JA36FJ53UB
AMA
1.Gillani SW, Sulaiman S AS, Ali JA. Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia. European Journal of General Medicine. 2010;7(4):389-397. https://izlik.org/JA36FJ53UB
Chicago
Gillani, Syed Wasif, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, and Juman Abdulelah Ali. 2010. “Clinical Modalities and Therapeutic Outcomes; Observational Cohort Comparison Between Ever-Smokers versus Never-Smokers of Tuberculosis Patients in Penang, Malaysia”. European Journal of General Medicine 7 (4): 389-97. https://izlik.org/JA36FJ53UB.
EndNote
Gillani SW, Sulaiman S AS, Ali JA (December 1, 2010) Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia. European Journal of General Medicine 7 4 389–397.
IEEE
[1]S. W. Gillani, S. A. S. Sulaiman, and J. A. Ali, “Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia”., European Journal of General Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 389–397, Dec. 2010, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA36FJ53UB
ISNAD
Gillani, Syed Wasif - Sulaiman, Syed Azhar Syed - Ali, Juman Abdulelah. “Clinical Modalities and Therapeutic Outcomes; Observational Cohort Comparison Between Ever-Smokers versus Never-Smokers of Tuberculosis Patients in Penang, Malaysia”. European Journal of General Medicine 7/4 (December 1, 2010): 389-397. https://izlik.org/JA36FJ53UB.
JAMA
1.Gillani SW, Sulaiman S AS, Ali JA. Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia. European Journal of General Medicine. 2010;7:389–397.
MLA
Gillani, Syed Wasif, et al. “Clinical Modalities and Therapeutic Outcomes; Observational Cohort Comparison Between Ever-Smokers versus Never-Smokers of Tuberculosis Patients in Penang, Malaysia”. European Journal of General Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4, Dec. 2010, pp. 389-97, https://izlik.org/JA36FJ53UB.
Vancouver
1.Syed Wasif Gillani, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Juman Abdulelah Ali. Clinical modalities and therapeutic outcomes; Observational cohort comparison between ever-smokers versus never-smokers of tuberculosis patients in Penang, Malaysia. European Journal of General Medicine [Internet]. 2010 Dec. 1;7(4):389-97. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA36FJ53UB