Congenital brain abnormalities: Pictorial essay

Abstract

Amongall fetal anomalies, the central nervous system represents one of the mostfrequently involved structures with an estimated incidence of 1 per 100 births.It is very difficult to make adiagnosis of congenital brain malformation, based on clinical findings, and useof CT or MRI is essential in these cases. The aim of this essayis to demonstrate asimplified classification of congenital anomalies affecting brain, followed byimages and imaging findings of the common, interesting or important congenitalanomalies.

Keywords

• Congenital abnormality, central nervous system, Imaging

References

1. Complex Entity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21: 1511-1519.
2. Vagh JD, Gadekar A, Agrawal A, Deshmukh K. Unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2009; 19: 146-147.
3. Packard AM, Miller VS, Delgado MR. Schizencephaly: Correlations of clinical and radiologic features. Neurology 1997; 48: 1427-1434.
4. Barkovich AL, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Classification system for malformations of cortical development: Neurology 2001; 57: 2168-2178.
5. Barkovich AL, Kuzniecky RI, Bollen AW, Grant PE. Focal transmantle dysplasia: a specific malformation of cortical development. Neurology 1997; 49: 1148- 1152.
6. Altman NR, Altman DH, Sheldon JJ, Leborgne J. Holoprosencephaly classified by computed tomography. Am J Neuroradiol. 1984; 5: 433-437.
7. Simon EM, Barkovich AJ. Holoprosencephaly: new concepts. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am 2001; 9: 149-164.
8. Campbell CL. Septo-optic dysplasia: a literature review. Optometry. 2003; 74: 417-426.