PARAOXONASE-1, MALONDIALDEHYDE, AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH NEPHROPATHY

Abstract

Objectives: Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) has been thought to be an antioxidant enzyme that hydrolyzes lipid peroxides. Experimental and epidemiologic numerous studies have  shown that oxygen-free-radicals are elevated in uncontrolled DM. The present study was undertaken to make comparison of the activity of serum PON1, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with nephropathy (DN).

Methods: 70 subjects were included in the study: 30 as control, 20 with T2DM with nephropathy, 20 T2DM without nephropathy. All studied groups are subjected to the following laboratory investigations after their consents: fasting and postprandial blood sugars, HbA1c, blood urea, serum creatinine and microalbumin in urine, serum PON-1 activity level, serum MDA, and serum GR activity.

Results: serum PON-1 activity and GR levels showed significant decrease in both T2DM patients with and without nephropathy compared to the control group with significant decrease in its activity in DN group while there was clearly a rise in amount of MDA in diabetic groups than control with significant rise in DN, fasting blood glucose levels, post prandial and HbA1c was significantly higher in DN group than diabetic group or control (p= 0.0001) for all. Serum creatinine show significant rise in DN group than diabetic or control group (p=0.0001). Microalbuminuria show significant rise in DN group than control or diabetic group as well as in diabetic group than control group (p= 0.0001 for all.

Conclusions: The decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in DN subjects suggesting that antioxidant may give rise to the occurrence of DN along with other microvascular complications. So, measurement of PNO1, MDA level and supplementing the antioxidants could manage the seriousness of DN.

Recommendations: Further researches is strongly recommended to examine genetic polymorphism distribution in large population to accomplish a concise overview which could explain variability in PON1  and its particular relationship with all the additional factors that associate the condition and its particular complications.

Keywords

• Paraoxinase-1, malonaldehyde, glutathione reductase, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, oxidative stress

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