Triticum monococcum callus of ecotypes applying ABA and CaO exhibit improved antioxidant enzyme activities

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 13.07.2025

Bahar Halis , Oğuzhan Ertüfekçi , Büşra Yazıcılar , Merve Şimşek Geyik , Ayşe Üstün Başkut , Hayrunnisa Nadaroğlu

Abstract

CaO (Ca2+) nanoparticles (NPs) are important macromolecules that act as signal transducers in the growth and survival processes of plants. In this report, the responses of two different (Incedere and Kurekdere) Triticum monococcum landraces to various antioxidant and physiological processes were analyzed under tissue culture conditions. Two Triticum monococcum landraces were cultivated in the presence of 1 and 10 mM mannitol, consisting of 0.5 ppm and 1.5 ppm Ca2+ nanoparticles. The influences of CaO NPs, total oxidant levels, DPPH free radical removal activity, cupra, PPO and glutathione reductase activities were determined for in vitro calli and ABA-induced. CaO significantly enchanced the activation of growth factors in the two tested landraces. Synergistic applications of NPs affected shootings more than either application alone. TOS, DPPH, cuprac, PPO, and GR were found to be significant with Ca2+ NP application and demonstrated a high level associated with the tolerance degrees of the varieties. When the results of the total antioxidant test were analyzed, It was detected that oxidant levels decreased significantly when CaO NPs were treated at increasing concentrations. While the antioxidant capacity of CaO NPs was limited at low concentrations (10-30 µg/mL) in the first 7 days, a highly promote was detected at higher concentrations (50 µg/mL). The activity increased in the second week and the antioxidant effect continued especially in the 30 and 50 µg/mL groups. While a significant increase was observed in the results of wheat samples treated with CaO NPs in the 1st week, it was seen that the increase in copper ion reducing activity became more balanced in the 2nd week. This trend shows that CaO NPs activate phenolic metabolism in short-term applications, but in the long term, cellular regulation mechanisms come into play and balance the enzyme activity. The 2nd week data show that GR activity reached a plateau level in certain dose groups; It is shown that GR activity in the 50 µg/mL group did not change compared to the 1st week (p > 0.05), but a slight decrease was observed in the 10 and 30 µg/mL applications (p < 0.05). ABA and CaO NP were observed to have a positive effect on wheat development.

Keywords

Triticum monococcum , Callus , CaO NP , ABA , Callus.

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