The Positive Influence of AMF on Wheat Growth and Physiology under Drought Conditions

Abstract

Drought is one of the most important environmental stresses threatening wheat yield in the world. With global climate change, it is predicted that the precipitation regime will change and dry periods will increase. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increases drought tolerance in wheat, affecting the physiological and biochemical properties of the plant and may increase yield. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nine different AMF, G.intraradices, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus mosseage, Glomus clarum, Glomus monosporus, Glomus deserticola, Glomus brasilianum, Glomus tunicatum, Gigaspora margarita on growth and physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) subjected to different water statues. The seeds were sown in pots containing peat were placed in field. When the results of the study were evaluated, all traits were significantly affected by AMF application in dry conditions, except the leaf area. The highest values of plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weight were obtained by application of T3+AMF4. Shoot fresh weight, SPAD and relative water content reached the highest values under control conditions with the highest water (200 ml). The Fv / Fm value gave better results in pots at T4+AMF1. Root fresh weight and leaf area also increased with increasing water dose, and application of AMF to both seed and root gave the best results. The highest lipid peroxidation level in leaves was obtained from T1 + AMF4 application. In addition, it was observed that the proline and flavonoid content in both leaves and roots increased with AMF application in arid conditions.

Keywords

• Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
• Wheat
• Fv / Fm
• Chlorophyll
• Drought
• Stomata

AMF'nin Kurak Koşullarda Buğdayın Büyümesi ve Fizyolojisine Olumlu Etkisi

Öz

Kuraklık, dünyada buğday verimini tehdit eden en önemli çevresel streslerden biridir. Küresel iklim değişikliği ile yağış rejiminin değişeceği ve kurak dönemlerin artacağı öngörülmektedir. Arbusküler mikorizal mantarların (AMF) kullanımı, buğdayda kuraklık toleransını artırarak bitkinin fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal özelliklerini etkilemekte ve verimi artırmaktadır. Farklı su dozlarına maruz bırakılan buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) bitkilerinin büyümesi ve fizyolojisi üzerine G.intraradices, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus mosseage, Glomus clarum, Glomus monosporus, Glomus deserticola, Glomus brasilianum, Glomus tunicatum ve Gigaspora margarita dokuz farklı AMF'nin etkilerini incelemek için çalışma yürütülmüştür. Torf içeren saksılara ekilen tohumlar tarlaya yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, kuru koşullarda AMF uygulamasından yaprak alanı hariç tüm özellikler önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlığının en yüksek değerleri T3+AMF4 uygulaması ile elde edilmiştir. Sürgün taze ağırlık, SPAD ve bağıl su içeriği, en yüksek su (200 ml) ile kontrol koşullarında en yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır. Fv / Fm değeri T4+AMF1'de potalarda daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Artan su dozu ile kök taze ağırlığı ve yaprak alanı da artmış ve hem tohuma hem de köke AMF uygulaması en iyi sonuçları vermiştir. Yapraklarda en yüksek lipid peroksidasyon düzeyi T1+AMF4 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca kurak koşullarda AMF uygulaması ile hem yapraklarda hem de köklerde prolin ve flavonoid içeriğinin arttığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arbüsküler Mikorizal Funguslar
• Buğday
• Fv/Fm
• Klorofil
• Kuraklık
• Stoma

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