For Graphene Oxide Synthesis Obtained by Modified Hummers Method: Part 2, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis

Abstract

In this study, whether the syntheses obtained by changing the sodium nitrate concentration used as a reagent in the Hummers method by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis convert to graphene oxide and its changing structural properties were investigated. After chemical oxidation, new signals representing different numbers of oxygen-containing functional groups (epoxy and phenolic carbon (C-O), carbonyl (C=O) and carboxyl (O-C=O)) were determined by Gaussian or Lorentz distribution analyses applied to the C1s general spectrum asymmetrically centered at 284.8 EV. It has been observed that these groups lead to a significant decrease in the peak density due to the defect and disorder caused by the sp2 hybridized carbon atom (C-C/C=C) peak in graphite. While the C/O atomic ratio for graphite was 42.48, a decrease in this value to 1.74 in graphene oxide samples and the appearance of functional groups with different oxygen content connected to the graphite basal plane showed that chemical oxidation had occurred successfully. The fact that no N1s peak was observed in the synthesized samples indicates that the products are pure. As a result of the synthesis analyses, it was observed that the bond energy values of the groups in the structure were in harmony with the literature. In the light of all these results, it can be stated that graphene oxide samples with different properties have been successfully synthesized.

Keywords

• Graphite
• Graphene oxide
• Hummers Method
• Nanomaterial
• X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Modifiye Hummers Yöntemi ile Elde Edilen Grafen Oksit Sentezleri İçin: Kısım 2, X Işını Fotoelektron Spektroskopisi Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, X Işını Fotoelektron Spektroskopisi analizi ile Hummers yönteminde bir reaktif olarak kullanılan sodyum nitrat konsantrasyonunun değiştirilmesi ile elde edilen sentezlerin grafen okside dönüşüp dönüşmediği ve değişen yapısal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kimyasal oksidasyondan sonra, 284,8 eV’de asimetrik olarak merkezlenmiş C1s genel spektrumuna uygulanan Gaussian veya Lorentz dağılım analizleriyle, yapıda farklı sayıda oksijen içeren fonksiyonel grupları (epoksi ve fenolik karbon (C-O), karbonil (C=O) ve karboksil (O-C=O)) temsil eden yeni sinyaller belirlenmiştir. Bu grupların, grafitteki sp2 hibridize karbon atomu (C-C/C=C) pikinde oluşturduğu kusur ve bozukluk nedeniyle pik yoğunluğunda önemli bir düşüşe yol açtığı gözlenmiştir. Grafit için C/O atom oranı 42,48 iken, grafen oksit numunelerinde bu değerin 1,74’e düşmesi ve grafit bazal düzlemine bağlanmış farklı oksijen içerikli fonksiyonel grupların ortaya çıkması, kimyasal oksidasyonun başarılı denecek şekilde gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Sentezlenen numunelerde N1s pikine hiç rastlanmaması, ürünlerin saf olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sentez analizleri sonucunda, yapıdaki grupların bağ enerji değerlerinin literatür ile uyum içerisinde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Tüm bu sonuçlar ışığında farklı özelliklere sahip grafen oksit örneklerinin başarılı bir şekilde sentezlendikleri ifade edilebilir.

Keywords

• Grafit
• Grafen oksit
• Hummers Yöntemi
• Nanomalzeme
• X-Işını Fotoelektron Spektroskopisi

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