Effect of the Friction Stir Processing on Tribological Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy Produced by Additive Manufacturing Method

Abstract

Additive manufacturing method stands out as one of the manufacturing methods that has been used frequently in recent years. This technology is widely used in the manufacture of steel, titanium, cobalt, copper and nickel alloys, as well as Al-Si alloys. Among the Al-Si alloys, the Al-Si10Mg alloy stands out with its high mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. Nowadays, AlSi10Mg alloys are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries. In order to improve the usage performance of these alloys, some grain refinement methods have come to the fore. Among these methods, friction stir processing derived from friction stir welding, grain refinement and extreme plastic deformation method take attention. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of friction stir process (FSP) on microstructure, hardness and wear properties of AlSi10Mg alloy produced by additive manufacturing method. For this goal, FSP was performed on the surface of AlSi10Mg alloys with 1200 rpm tool rotation speed, 40 mm/min tool advance speed, 6000 N tool pressure force and 2° tool angle. Structural analysis, wear properties and hardness of the samples were determined by scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, micro-hardness tester and ball-disc type wear tester under ambient air and vacuum environment, respectively. After FSP, the stratified microstructure arising from additive manufacturing has been eliminated and a smoother structure has been obtained. While the hardness of the untreated sample was 104.5 HV0.01, this value was determined as 98.6 HV0.01 in the treated sample. Considering the effects of FSP on the wear performance of the alloy, there was an improvement of approximately 40% in the ambient air. In the vacuum environment, this value was around 10%. It was seen that the dominant wear mechanism was abrasive wear in the atmosphere environment, while mass transfer was the factor in the vacuum environment.

Keywords

• Additive Manufacturing
• Friction Stir Process
• Wear
• Hardness
• Vacuum

Sürtünme Karıştırma İşleminin Eklemeli İmalat Yöntemi ile Üretilen AlSi10Mg Alaşımının Tribolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi

Öz

Eklemeli imalat yöntemi son yıllarda sıklıkla kullanılmaya başlayan imalat yöntemlerinden biri olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Bu üretim teknolojisi çelik, titanyum, kobalt, bakır ve nikel alaşımlarının yanı sıra Al-Si alaşımlarının üretiminde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Al-Si alaşımlarının arasında Al-Si10Mg alaşımı yüksek mekanik ve korozyon dayanımı özellikleri ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde, AlSi10Mg alaşımları otomotiv ve havacılık endüstrisinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Söz konusu alaşımların uygulama alanlarında kullanım performansını geliştirmek adına bazı tane inceltme amaçlı yöntemler ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu yöntemler arasında, sürtünme karıştırma kaynağından türetilen sürtünme karıştırma işlemi, tane inceltme ve aşırı plastik deformasyon yöntemi olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sürtünme karıştırma işleminin (SKİ) eklemeli imalat yöntemiyle üretilen AlSi10Mg alaşımının mikro yapı, sertlik ve aşınma özelliklerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, eklemeli imalat yöntemiyle üretilen AlSi10Mg alaşımlarının yüzeyine 1200 dev/dk takım dönme hızı, 40 mm/dk takım ilerleme hızı, 6000 N takım baskı kuvveti ve 2° takım açısı ile SKİ gerçekleştirilmiştir. Numunelerin yapısal analizleri, sertlik ve aşınma özellikleri sırasıyla optik mikroskop, taramalı elektron mikroskobu, mikro-sertlik test cihazı ve atmosfer ve vakum ortamında olmak üzere bilye disk tipi aşınma test cihazında belirlenmiştir. SKİ sonrasında eklemeli imalattan doğan katmanlı içyapı ortadan kaldırılmış olup daha düzgün bir yapı elde edilmiştir. İşlemsiz numunenin sertliği 104,5 HV0,01 elde edilirken, işlemli numunede bu değer 98,6 HV0,01 olarak belirlenmiştir. SKİ’nin alaşımın aşınma performansına olan etkilerine bakıldığında, atmosfer ortamında yaklaşık %40’lık bir iyileşme söz konusudur. Vakum ortamında bu değer yaklaşık %10 mertebelerindedir. Atmosfer ortamında baskın aşınma mekanizmasının abrazif aşınma olduğu, vakum ortamında ise kütle transferinin etken olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eklemeli İmalat
• Sürtünme Karıştırma İşlemi
• Aşınma
• Sertlik
• Vakum

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