Box-Behnken Experimental Design for Optimization of Naproxen Adsorption on Activated Carbon Modified Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol Biocomposite

Abstract

In this paper, Box-Behnken experimental design was used to examine the effect of naproxen adsorption using activated carbon modified chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol biocomposite (KTS-PVA/AC) on operational parameters. Using the Box-Behnken experimental design, the adsorption process was optimized for low cost and maximum efficiency, the factors affecting the process were determined, and the interactions between these factors were evaluated. Experimental studies contain the naproxen removal in % using KTS-PVA/AC biocomposite depending on the amount of adsorbent, pH, and residence time. According to the results obtained from the regression analysis, the lack of fit value for the quadratic model was insignificant, the corrected R2 (0.9978) and estimated R2 (0.9871) values were high, these two R2 values were reasonably close to each other, and the quadratic model was selected to be suitable model. In addition, the parameter coefficients of adsorbent amount, pH, and residence time were calculated as positive in the regression equation. Based on the calculated parameter coefficients, residence time was determined to be most effective independent variable for naproxen adsorption compared to other parameters. Also, ANOVA analysis of variance was carried out to determine the optimum process parameters for the highest naproxen removal and to evaluate the effects of process parameters on adsorption. The highest naproxen removal in % was determined by the three-variable experimental design, 100 mg KTS-PVA/AC amount, 7.95 pH and 433.56 min residence time were found to be 99.57% under optimal experimental conditions. These results showed that the synthesized adsorbent was very effective on naproxen removal.

Keywords

• Box-Behnken
• Naproxen
• Chitosan
• Polyvinyl alcohol
• Activated carbon

Aktif Karbon ile Modifiye Edilmiş Kitosan-Polivinil Alkol Biyokompoziti Üzerine Naproksen Adsorpsiyonunun Optimizasyonu için Box-Behnken Deneysel Tasarımı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, aktif karbon ile modifiye edilmiş kitosan-polivinil alkol biyokompoziti (KTS-PVA/AC) ile naproksen adsorpsiyonunun operayonel parametreleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla Box-Behnken deneysel tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Box-Behnken deneysel tasarımı ile adsorpsiyon sürecinin düşük maliyet ve maksimum verimlilikle optimize edilmesi, sürece etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve bu faktörler arasındaki etkileşimlerin değerlendirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar; adsorban miktarına, pH’a ve kalma zamanına bağlı olarak KTS-PVA/AC biyokompoziti ile naproksen giderim yüzdesini içermektedir. Regresyon analizinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre kuadratik model için lack of fit değerinin önemsiz olması, düzeltilmiş R2 (0,9978) ve tahmini R2 (0,9871) değerlerinin yüksek olması ve aynı zamanda bu iki R2 değerinin makul ölçüde birbirine yakın olması, kuadratik modeli en uygun model yapmaktadır. Ayrıca regresyon denkleminde adsorban miktarı, pH ve kalma zamanına ait parametre kaysayıları pozitif olarak hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan parametre katsayılarına dayanarak kalma zamanı diğer parametrelere kıyasla naproksen adsorpsiyonunda en etkili bağımsız değişken olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ANOVA varyans analizi en yüksek naproksen yüzde giderimi için optimum proses parametrelerinin belirlenmesi ve proses parametrelerinin adsorpsiyon üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Üç değişkenli deneysel tasarımla tahmin edilen en yüksek naproksen yüzde giderimi, 100 mg KTS-PVA/AC miktarı, 7,95 pH ve 433,56 dk kalma zamanı optimum deney koşullarında % 99,57 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar sentezlenen adsorbanın naproksen giderimi üzerinde çok etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Box-Behnken
• Naproksen
• Kitosan
• Polivinil alkol
• Aktif karbon

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