A Systematic Meta-Analysis of Aflatoxin B1 Presence in Red Pepper

Abstract

Aflatoxins are one of the pollutants that can be isolated from the dried food products, especially spices. Since red pepper is one of the most consumed spices all over the world, this research aimed to estimate the prevalence and concen-tration of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in different red pepper spices with the help of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, the articles published between January 2000 and December 6, 2020, were systematically collected from four well-known databases. In this context, 10 articles containing 455 samples in total among 981 articles were included in the meta-analysis according to the determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the analysis results, the AFB1 prevalence of all studies was determined as 50.8%. The lowest and highest AFB1 concentrations were observed in seasoning paprika Korea (0.14 mg/kg) and Turkey (31.13 mg/kg), respectively. The result of this meta-analysis can be used in the evaluation and organization of solution actions to be devel-oped to reduce AFB1 exposure and prevent financial losses through the con-sumption of red pepper spice products.

Keywords

• AFB1
• Contamination
• Food safety
• Aflatoxin
• Red pepper
• Meta-analysis

Kırmızı Biberde Aflatoksin B1 Varlığının Sistematik Derlemesi ve Meta-Analizi

Öz

Aflatoksinler, kuru gıda ürünlerinden, özellikle baharatlardan izole edilebilen kirleticilerden biridir. Kırmızı biber tüm dünyada en çok tüketilen baharatlardan biri olduğu için bu araştırma, sistematik bir derleme ve meta-analiz yardımıyla farklı kırmızı biber baharatlarında aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) prevalansını ve konsantrasyonunu tahmin etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu nedenle Ocak 2000 ile 6 Aralık 2020 arasında yayınlanan makaleler, iyi bilinen dört veri tabanından sistematik olarak toplanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 981 makale arasından toplam 455 örnek içeren 10 makale belirlenen dahil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine göre meta-analize dahil edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre tüm çalışmaların AFB1 prevalansı %50.8 olarak belirlenmiştir. En düşük ve en yüksek AFB1 konsantrasyonları sırasıyla Kore (0.14 mg/kg) ve Türkiye'de (31.13 mg/kg) kırmızı biberlerinde olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Bu meta-analiz sonuçlarının, kırmızı biber baharat ürünlerinin tüketimi yoluyla AFB1 maruziyetini azaltmak ve mali kayıpları önlemek için geliştirilecek çözüm eylemlerinin değerlendirilmesinde ve organizasyonunda kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AFB1
• Kontaminasyon
• Gıda güvenliği
• Aflatoksin
• Kırmızı biber
• Meta-analiz

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