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COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesinde ve Pandemi Döneminde Türkiye’deki Havalimanı Etkinliklerinin Üç Aşamalı Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Belirlenmesi

Year 2022, , 643 - 652, 07.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1085597

Abstract

Hava taşımacılığının en temel bileşenlerinden olan havalimanlarının performansları, bulundukları ülke ve bölge için ekonomik ve sosyal anlamda çok büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemisinin öncesinde ve pandemi döneminde Türkiye’deki havalimanlarının performans sıralamaları Üç Aşamalı Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile elde edilen göreli etkinlik değerlerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu analizde, 2018 yılına ait 46 havalimanı; 2020 yılına ait ve aralarında yeni hizmete giren İstanbul Havalimanı’nın da bulunduğu 51 adet havalimanı verisi kullanılmıştır. Analizin ikinci aşamasında; klasik VZA’dan farklı olarak, Stokastik Sınır Analizi aracılığıyla, il bazında gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH), üçüncül sektör oranı ve turist sayısı; çevresel faktörler olarak alınmıştır. Böylece çevresel etkinin ve şans faktörünün etkinlik değerlerinden ayrıştırılması ve işletme performans değerlerinin sadece yönetimsel etkinsizlik kaynaklı olması sağlanmıştır. Bu bilgiler ışığında, havalimanlarının etkinlik değerlerine göre sıralaması elde edilmiş ve karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.

References

  • Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management science, 30(9), 1078-1092.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European journal of operational research, 2(6), 429-444.
  • Chen, Q., & Liu, H. (2019). Evaluation of the Dynamic Efficiency of China's Airports under the Country's New Normal Economy: Based on Three-stage DEA and the Malmquist Index. Evaluation of the Dynamic Efficiency of China's Airports under the Country's New Normal Economy: Based on Three-stage DEA and the Malmquist Index, 47-76.
  • Demir, M. , Günaydın, Y. & Demir, Ş. Ş. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgınının Türkiye'de turizm üzerindeki öncülleri, etkileri ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi . International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research , 6 (1) , 80-107 .
  • DHMİ, 2018. Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi 2018 Faaliyet Raporu.
  • DHMİ, 2020. Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi 2020 Faaliyet Raporu.
  • Fernández, X. L., Coto-Millán, P., & Díaz-Medina, B. (2018). The impact of tourism on airport efficiency: The Spanish case. Utilities Policy, 55, 52-58.
  • Fried, H. O., Lovell, C. K., Schmidt, S. S., & Yaisawarng, S. (2002). Accounting for environmental effects and statistical noise in data envelopment analysis. Journal of productivity Analysis, 17(1), 157-174.
  • Gillen, D., & Lall, A. (1997). Developing measures of airport productivity and performance: an application of data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 33(4), 261-273.
  • Hooper, P. G., & Hensher, D. A. (1997). Measuring total factor productivity of airports—an index number approach. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 33(4), 249-259.
  • IATA (2019), International Air Transport Association Annual Review. 75th Annual General Meeting, Seoul. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/ publications/annual-review/, Erişim tarihi: 12.05.2019
  • IATA (2020), International Air Transport Association Annual Review. 76th Annual General Meeting, Amsterdam. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/ publications/annual-review/, Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2022
  • ICAO (2018), Air Navigation Report, International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/annual-report-2018/Pages/the-world-of-air-transport-in-2018.aspx, Erişim tarihi:10.04.2019
  • ICAO (2020), Annual Report, International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/annual-report-2020/Pages/default.aspx, Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2022
  • İnan, A., Tolga, T., & Gökmen, R. (2021). The Determination of the Factors Affecting Air Transportation Passenger Numbers. International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 8(1), 4.
  • Iyer, K. C., & Jain, S. (2019). Performance measurement of airports using data envelopment analysis: A review of methods and findings. Journal of Air Transport Management, 81, 101707.
  • Jondrow, J., Lovell, C. K., Materov, I. S., & Schmidt, P. (1982). On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model. Journal of econometrics, 19(2-3), 233-238.
  • Kartal, M. (2021). Covid-19 Salgınının BIST-100 Endeksi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Özelinde Ampirik Bir Araştırma . Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi , Ejosat 2021 Ek Sayı 1 , 815-822 .
  • Pehlivanlı, E. A. (2020). Covid-19’un Havalimanları Performansları Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye Havalimanları Örneği. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
  • SHGM (2018), Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü 2018 Faaliyet Raporu.http://web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/pdf/kurumsal/faaliyet/2018.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 18/05/2019
  • SHGM (2020), Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü 2020 Faaliyet Raporu. https://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/kurumsal/4006-faaliyet-raporlarimiz. Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2022
  • Song, M., Jia, G., & Zhang, P. (2020). An evaluation of air transport sector operational efficiency in China based on a three-stage DEA analysis. Sustainability, 12(10), 4220.
  • Yeşilyurt, C. (2018). Performans ölçümünde kullanılan parametreli ve parametresiz etkinlik ölçüm yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 3), 2941-2953.
  • Yetiz, F. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Çalışanlarına ve Müşterilerine Etkileri: Swot Analizi . Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi , Ejosat 2021 Ocak , 109-117
  • Yolalan, O. R. (1990). “Efficiency measurement and data envelopment analysis”. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universite Laval, Canada.
  • Yu, M. M. (2010). Capacity efficiency measurement using a three-stage DEA approach: evidence from domestic airports in Taiwan. Transportation Planning and Technology, 33(2), 221-235.
  • Zeng, Z., Yang, W., Zhang, S., & Witlox, F. (2020). Analysing airport efficiency in East China using a three-stage data envelopment analysis. Transport, 35(3), 255-272.

Determination of Airport Efficiency in Turkey Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis

Year 2022, , 643 - 652, 07.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1085597

Abstract

The performances of airports, which are one of the most basic components of air transportation, are of great economic and social importance for the country and region they are located in. In this study, the performance rankings of airports in Turkey before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected the whole world, were compared according to the relative efficiency values obtained by the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In this analysis, data from 46 airports in the year 2018 and 51 airports for the year 2020, including Istanbul Airport, which has just been put into service, has been used. In the second stage of the analysis; unlike the classical DEA, through the Stochastic Frontier Analysis, provincial gross domestic product (GDP), tertiary sector ratio, and the number of tourists are taken as environmental factors. Thus, it is ensured that the environmental impact and the luck factor are separated from the efficiency values and that the business performance values are based on only the managerial inefficiency. Considering this information, the ranking of the airports according to their efficiency values was obtained and comparisons were made.

References

  • Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management science, 30(9), 1078-1092.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European journal of operational research, 2(6), 429-444.
  • Chen, Q., & Liu, H. (2019). Evaluation of the Dynamic Efficiency of China's Airports under the Country's New Normal Economy: Based on Three-stage DEA and the Malmquist Index. Evaluation of the Dynamic Efficiency of China's Airports under the Country's New Normal Economy: Based on Three-stage DEA and the Malmquist Index, 47-76.
  • Demir, M. , Günaydın, Y. & Demir, Ş. Ş. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgınının Türkiye'de turizm üzerindeki öncülleri, etkileri ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi . International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research , 6 (1) , 80-107 .
  • DHMİ, 2018. Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi 2018 Faaliyet Raporu.
  • DHMİ, 2020. Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi 2020 Faaliyet Raporu.
  • Fernández, X. L., Coto-Millán, P., & Díaz-Medina, B. (2018). The impact of tourism on airport efficiency: The Spanish case. Utilities Policy, 55, 52-58.
  • Fried, H. O., Lovell, C. K., Schmidt, S. S., & Yaisawarng, S. (2002). Accounting for environmental effects and statistical noise in data envelopment analysis. Journal of productivity Analysis, 17(1), 157-174.
  • Gillen, D., & Lall, A. (1997). Developing measures of airport productivity and performance: an application of data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 33(4), 261-273.
  • Hooper, P. G., & Hensher, D. A. (1997). Measuring total factor productivity of airports—an index number approach. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 33(4), 249-259.
  • IATA (2019), International Air Transport Association Annual Review. 75th Annual General Meeting, Seoul. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/ publications/annual-review/, Erişim tarihi: 12.05.2019
  • IATA (2020), International Air Transport Association Annual Review. 76th Annual General Meeting, Amsterdam. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/ publications/annual-review/, Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2022
  • ICAO (2018), Air Navigation Report, International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/annual-report-2018/Pages/the-world-of-air-transport-in-2018.aspx, Erişim tarihi:10.04.2019
  • ICAO (2020), Annual Report, International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/annual-report-2020/Pages/default.aspx, Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2022
  • İnan, A., Tolga, T., & Gökmen, R. (2021). The Determination of the Factors Affecting Air Transportation Passenger Numbers. International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 8(1), 4.
  • Iyer, K. C., & Jain, S. (2019). Performance measurement of airports using data envelopment analysis: A review of methods and findings. Journal of Air Transport Management, 81, 101707.
  • Jondrow, J., Lovell, C. K., Materov, I. S., & Schmidt, P. (1982). On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model. Journal of econometrics, 19(2-3), 233-238.
  • Kartal, M. (2021). Covid-19 Salgınının BIST-100 Endeksi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Özelinde Ampirik Bir Araştırma . Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi , Ejosat 2021 Ek Sayı 1 , 815-822 .
  • Pehlivanlı, E. A. (2020). Covid-19’un Havalimanları Performansları Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye Havalimanları Örneği. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
  • SHGM (2018), Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü 2018 Faaliyet Raporu.http://web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/pdf/kurumsal/faaliyet/2018.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 18/05/2019
  • SHGM (2020), Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü 2020 Faaliyet Raporu. https://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/kurumsal/4006-faaliyet-raporlarimiz. Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2022
  • Song, M., Jia, G., & Zhang, P. (2020). An evaluation of air transport sector operational efficiency in China based on a three-stage DEA analysis. Sustainability, 12(10), 4220.
  • Yeşilyurt, C. (2018). Performans ölçümünde kullanılan parametreli ve parametresiz etkinlik ölçüm yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 3), 2941-2953.
  • Yetiz, F. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Çalışanlarına ve Müşterilerine Etkileri: Swot Analizi . Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi , Ejosat 2021 Ocak , 109-117
  • Yolalan, O. R. (1990). “Efficiency measurement and data envelopment analysis”. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universite Laval, Canada.
  • Yu, M. M. (2010). Capacity efficiency measurement using a three-stage DEA approach: evidence from domestic airports in Taiwan. Transportation Planning and Technology, 33(2), 221-235.
  • Zeng, Z., Yang, W., Zhang, S., & Witlox, F. (2020). Analysing airport efficiency in East China using a three-stage data envelopment analysis. Transport, 35(3), 255-272.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Koray Köçken 0000-0001-7854-4022

Mehpare Timor 0000-0002-9782-545X

Mustafa U. Karakaplan 0000-0003-2869-4553

Publication Date May 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Köçken, K., Timor, M., & Karakaplan, M. U. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesinde ve Pandemi Döneminde Türkiye’deki Havalimanı Etkinliklerinin Üç Aşamalı Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Belirlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(35), 643-652. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1085597