Ultrases Teknolojisi Uygulayarak Sığır İç Yağından Biyodizel Üretiminin Optimizasyonu

Öz

Biyodizel, bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynaklardan üretilebilen yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından birisidir. Biyodizel, çevre dostu olması, toksik olmaması, düşük emisyon profiline sahip olması ve biyolojik olarak bozunabilir olması gibi pek çok avantaja sahiptir. Onun bu avantajlarının aksine en önemli dezavantajlarından birisi yüksek maliyetli oluşudur. Biyodizelin maliyeti, yemeklik ham yağlardan üretildiğinde önemli ölçüde artar. Bu nedenle, biyodizel üretimi için uygun bir hammadde kullanılmalıdır. Sığır iç yağı, gıda sektöründe fazla tercih edilmeyen bir yağdır ve atık olarak adlandırılabilir. Bu yağdan biyodizel üretildiğinde, hem çevreye hem de ekonomiye katkı sağlanacaktır. Bu çalışmada sığır iç yağından, ultrases destekli biyodizel üretiminin optimizasyonu araştırıldı. Biyodizel verimini optimize etmek için Taguchi yöntemi kullanıldı. Katalizör miktarı (ağırlıkça % 0.75-2), metanol/yağ molar oranı (5/1-9/1), reaksiyon süresi (30-120 dk), ultrases süresi (5-20 dk), ultrases gücü (10-40 W) parametre olarak seçildi. Optimum koşullar % 1.5 (ağırlıkça) katalizör miktarı, metanol/yağ oranı 7/1, ultrases gücü 40 W, reaksiyon süresi 60 dk ve ultrases süresi 10 dk olarak bulundu. Bu koşullar altında elde edilen biyodizelin yakıt özellikleri, hem EN 14214 hem de ASTM D 6751 standartlarının gerekliliklerini yerine getirmiştir. Optimum koşullar altında biyodizel verimi % 99.8 dir. Ayrıca, ANOVA sonuçlarına göre, ürün verimi üzerine reaksiyon süresi, ultrases süresi, metanol / yağ molar oranı, katalizör miktarı ve ultrases gücünün etkisinin sırasıyla % 34,56, % 29,72, % 23,68, % 9,18 ve % 2,17 olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Optimizasyon,Biyodizel,Sığır iç yağı

Optimization of the Production of Biodiesel from Beef Tallow Applying Ultrasound Technology

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that can be produced from vegetable and animal sources. Biodiesel has many advantages such as being environmentally friendly, non-toxic, low emission profile and biodegradable. Contrary to its advantages, one of the most important disadvantages is its high cost. The cost of biodiesel increases considerably when it is produced from edible crude oils. Therefore, a suitable feedstock should be used for biodiesel production. Beef tallow is an fat that is not preferred much in the food sector and can be called as waste. When biodiesel is produced from this fat, the contribution will be made both to the environment and to the economy. In this work, the optimization of ultrasound assisted biodiesel production from beef tallow was investigated. Taguchi method was used to optimize the biodiesel yield. Catalyst amount (0.75-2 wt.% of oil), methanol/oil molar ratio (5/1-9/1), reaction time (30-120 min), ultrasound time (5-20 min), ultrasound power (10-40 W) were selected as parameters. The optimum conditions were found to be 1.5 wt.% of oil for the catalyst amount, 7/1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 40W ultrasound power, 60 minute reaction time and 10 minute ultrasound time. The fuel properties of biodiesel obtained under these conditions accomplished the requirements of both the EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751 standards.  The biodiesel yield under optimum conditions was 99.8%. In addition, according to the ANOVA results, it is found that the influence of reaction time, ultrasound time, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst amount and ultrasound power on production yield are obtained as 34.56%, 29.72%, 23.68%, 9.18% and 2.17%, respectively.  

Keywords

• Optimization,Biodiesel,Beef Tallow

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