Efficiency Assessment of Hydroelectric Power Plant in Turkey by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

Abstract

Renewable energy resources are increasingly used due to the reasons such as limited reserves of fossil energy sources, causing environmental problems, causing economic and political reasons foreign dependence and price instabilities. Nowadays, hydraulic, wind, solar, geothermal and biomass energy are the most widely used renewable energy sources. Hydroelectric power is a clean and renew-able energy source. Hydroelectric power plants (HEPPs) are the plants constructed to obtain electricity by benefiting from the flow energy of water. Moreover, hydroelectric power is a source with Turkey’s largest renewable energy potential. Meeting approximately 20.81% of the energy consumed in Turkey from hydroe-lectric power plants makes this energy source even more important. In this study, efficiencies of 51 hydroelectric power plants constructed in Turkey were assessed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In accordance with this purpose, three input variables and two output variables were used. Efficiency measurement was performed by using CCR model developed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes. The improvement rates that inefficient power plants should apply to input and output variables in order to reach the efficiency limit, were determined by DEA method. As a consequence, the efficiencies of HEPP plants with 32% of Turkey’s total installed power were tried to be measured by using DEA model in this study. In application, DEA model was operated separately for 51 HEPP power plants and the models were solved by using GAMS package program. When the results obtained were examined, it was observed that 19,61% of 51 HEPP power plants were operating effectively. Suggestions for improvement are presented for inefficient HEPP power plants.

Keywords

• Renewable energy,Hydroelectric power plants,Efficiency analysis,Data envelopment analysis,Performance evaluation

Türkiye'deki Hidroelektrik Santrallerin Etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Enerji ihtiyacı nüfusun sürekli artması ve teknolojide yaşanan gelişmeler doğrultusunda artmaktadır. Enerji, üretim, tarım, ulaşım her türlü sektörün temel girdilerindendir. Fosil enerji kaynaklarının rezervlerinin sınırlı olması, çevre sorunlarına yol açması, dışa bağımlılıkta ekonomik ve siyasi nedenlere yol açması ve fiyat istikrarsızlıkları gibi nedenlerden dolayı yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanımı gittikçe artmaktadır. Hidrolik, rüzgar, güneş, jeotermal ve biyokütle enerjisi, günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarıdır. Hidroelektrik enerji temiz ve yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağıdır. Hidroelektrik santraller (HES) ise, suyun akış enerjisinden faydalanılarak, elektrik enerjisi elde etmek için kurulan santrallerdir. Ayrıca, hidroelektrik enerji Türkiye’nin en büyük yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeline sahip olan kaynaktır. Türkiye’de tüketilen enerjinin yaklaşık %20,81’inin hidrolik santrallerinden karşılanması bu enerji kaynağını daha da önemli hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki kurulu 51 adet Hidroelektrik santralinin etkinlikleri Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.  Bu amaç doğrultusunda, üç girdi iki çıktı değişkeni belirlenmiştir. Etkinlik ölçümü, Charnes, Cooper ve Rhodes'un geliştirdiği CCR modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. VZA yöntemiyle, etkin olmayan santrallerin etkinlik sınırına ulaşabilmeleri için girdi ve çıktı değişkenlerinde gerçekleştirmeleri gereken iyileştirme oranları saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada, Türkiye toplam kurulu gücünün %32'sine sahip HES santrallerinin etkinlikleri Veri Zarflama Analizi modeli kullanılarak ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Uygulamada VZA modeli 51 adet HES santrali için ayrı ayrı çalıştırılmış ve GAMS paket programı kullanılarak modeller çözülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde 51 adet HES santralden %19,61’ü etkin bir şekilde çalıştığı gözlenmiştir. Etkin olmayan HES santralleri için ise geliştirmeye yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yenilenebilir enerji,Hidroelektrik enerji santralleri,Etkinlik analizi,Veri zarflama analizi,Performans değerlendirme

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