Comparative study of Biological activity and chemical composition of Methanolic and Ethanolic plant extracts of Persea americana leaves in-vitro

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare biological activity, chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Persea Americana mill refluxed in various solvents, ethanol and methanol respectively. Persea Americana is a plant that is quite new tothe turkish medicine and found its way to Turkey as it is little over 10 years old in use.  It has been used to treat certain skin problems anddiahrea. The plant extraction was done with various solvents and comparison was done between the extracts produced by ethanol solvent and that of methanol solvent. Chemical constituents of the leaf extract were analyzed using techniques of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The methods employed for in vitro antimicrobial screening were the broth microdilution assay and Kirby bauer assay. The technique 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging  was applied for antioxidant activity. The ethanol aqueous extract (EAE) IC50 value of 2.4mg / mL and methanol Aqueous extract (MAE) IC50 value was2.51mg/ml respectively. According to literature the lesser the IC50 value the more potent the molecule is in the DPPH assay, therefore the results of the IC50 for could be viewded as a powerful antioxidant thus it is highly potent. Scavenging activity for the MAE and EAE were analyzed. Scavenging/inhibition activity increases as concentration increases. The antibacterial activities of the various solvent extract were screened and compared against to Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Salmonella typhrium. The aqueous extracts showed a favourable amount of microbial activity, especially on S. Aureus and E.coli. Persea Americana in both extract conditions showed strong antioxidant ability, strong antimicrobial activity and gave an impressive amount of chemical components which reveal the compounds responsible for its biological activities.

Keywords

• Persea Americana; methanol - ethanol extract; GC- MS; antimicrobial effect; antioxidant effect.

Persea americana Metanolik ve Etanolik Bitki Ekstraktlarının in vitro Biyolojik Aktivite ve Kimyasal Bileşiminin Karşılaştırmalı Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli çözücülerde, etanol ve metanolde geri akıtılan Persea Americana bitkisinin biyolojik aktivitesini, kimyasal bileşimini, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesini değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmaktır. Persea Americana, türk tıbbı için oldukça yeni olan ve 10 yaşından küçük olduğu gibi Türkiye'de görülmeye başlayan bir bitkidir. Bazı cilt problemlerini ve diyareyi tedavi etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, bitki özütlemesi için çeşitli çözücüler kullanılmış ve etanol çözücüsü ile üretilen özütler ve metanol çözücüsü ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yaprak ekstraktının kimyasal bileşenleri, gaz kromatografisi / kütle spektrometrisi (GC / MS) tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Broth mikrodilüsyon ve Kirby bauer teknikleri kullanılarak in vitro antimikrobiyal analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite için 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) serbest radikal temizleme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Etanol sulu ekstrakt (EAE) IC50 değeri 2.4mg/mL ve metanol sulu ekstrakt (MAE) IC50 değeri sırasıyla 2.51mg/ml olarak saptanmıltır. Literatüre göre, IC50 değeri ne kadar düşükse, molekül DPPH testinde o kadar güçlüdür, böylece IC50'nin sonuçları güçlü bir antioksidan olarak görülebilir, bu nedenle oldukça güçlüdür. MAE ve EAE için antioksidan aktivitesi incelenmiştir.  Antioksidan aktivitesinin konsantrasyon arttıkça arttığı gözlenmiştir. Çeşitli çözücü ekstraktlarının antibakteriyel aktiviteleri incelenmiş ve Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus Aureus ve Salmonella typhrium bakteriri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sulu ekstraktların özellikle S. Aureus and E. Coli bakterilerin de uygun miktarda mikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği saptanmıştır.  Her iki ekstrakt koşulunda Persea Americana, güçlü antioksidan ve güçlü antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği, biyolojik aktivitelerinden sorumlu bileşikleri ortaya çıkaran etkileyici miktarda kimyasal bileşeni olduğu bulunmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Persea Americana; Metanolik – Etanolik bitki ekstraktları; GC- MS; Antimikrobiyal etki; antioksidan etkisi

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