Investigation of the Relationship between Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Habits of Children with Socioeconomic Situation

Abstract

Nutritional habits are among the most important causes of childhood obesity in environmental factors. Lifelong acquisition of right eating habits maintained at the time of the gain of habits, family nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are directly related to the purchasing power. Fruit and vegetable consumption is also a key factor in acquiring proper eating habits. This study; was conducted with 190 volunteer participants aged 7-14 using a 2-part questionnaire prepared by the researchers in order to investigate the consumption of fruit and vegetables in childhood and to examine the effect of changing socioeconomic status on this habit. In the first part of the questionnaire, there are 9 questions that question the sociodemographic data of individuals and their parents. In the second part, the frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption patterns of the participants and the favorite fruits and vegetables were questioned. Participants’ who in the 7-11 age range 46.3% stated that they consume vegetables every day and 24.1% of them consume 3 days a week. 33.3% of the participants in the 11-14 age group stated that they consume vegetables 3 days a week and 24.8% every day. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of vegetable consumption and monthly income level. A significant correlation was found between the frequency of vegetable consumption and monthly income (χ2 = 17.21, p <0.05). Participants with lower income levels tend to consume vegetables more frequently. There was no significant relationship between fruit consumption and income (p> 0.05). When the education level of the mother was examined, it was found that the percentage of fruit and vegetable consumption increased as it progressed towards middle school and high up. Vegetable consumption according to low and middle socioeconomic (MSEL) levels were as follows; raw (LSEL: 80.6%, MSEL: 77.6%), fried in oil (LSEL: 49.3%, MSEL: 40.8%), high socioeconomic level participants; It was observed that it was consumed in the form of cooked cold food (63.8%) and raw (55.3%). Nutritional trainings will be an important step for children to gain healthy eating habits by creating alternatives suitable for different economic levels in order to consume healthy foods in the right amount and forms.

Keywords

• Fruits and vegetables
• Nutritional habits
• Socioeconomic level

Çocukların Meyve ve Sebze Tüketim Alışkanlığının Sosyoekonomik Durum İle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Beslenme alışkanlıkları çevresel faktörler içerisinde çocukluk çağı obezitesine sebep olan en önemli etkenlerden birisidir. Yaşam boyu sürdürülen alışkanlıkların kazanıldığı bu dönemde doğru beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazanılması, ailenin beslenme bilgisi, tutumu, davranışları ve alım gücüyle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Meyve ve sebze tüketimi de doğru beslenme alışkanlıkları kazanılmasında anahtar rol oynayıcı faktörlerdendir. Bu çalışma; çocukluk çağında, meyve-sebze tüketim alışkanlığının incelenmesi ve değişen sosyoekonomik statütünün bu alışkanlığa olan etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ve 2 bölümden oluşan anket formu kullanılarak 7-14 yaş arası 190 gönüllü katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Anket formunun ilk bölümünde bireylerin ve ebeveynlerinin sosyodemografik verilerini sorgulayan 9 adet soru bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise, katılımcıların meyve ve sebze tüketim sıklıkları, tüketim şekilleri ve sevilen meyve ve sebzeler sorgulanmıştır. Katılımcıların 7-11 yaş aralığında bulunan %46,3’sı her gün, %24,1’i haftada 3 gün sebze tükettiklerini belirtmiştir. Katılımcılardan 11-14 yaş grubunda olanların ise %33,3’ü haftada 3 gün, %24,8’i ise her gün sebze tükettiklerini belirtmiştir. Sebze tüketim sıklığı ile aylık gelir düzeyi arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (χ2=17,21, p<0.05). Gelir düzeyi daha düşük olan katılımcıların daha sık sebze tüketme eğilimde oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Meyve tüketimi ile gelir durumu arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Anne eğitim düzeyi incelendiğinde ise, ortaokul ve üzerine doğru ilerledikçe meyve sebze tüketim oranlarında yüzdesel artış saptanmıştır. Düşük ve orta sosyoekonomik (OSED) düzeye göre sebze tüketimi sırasıyla; çiğ (DSED: %80,6, OSED: %77,6), yağda kızartılmış şekilde (DSES: %49,3, OSED: %40,8), yüksek sosyoekonomik düzeydeki katılımcılarda ise; pişmiş soğuk yemek şeklinde (%63,8), çiğ (%55,3) olarak tüketildiği gözlenmiştir. Sağlıklı besinlerin doğru miktar ve şekillerde tüketilebilmesi için farklı ekonomik düzeylere uygun alternatifler yaratılarak verilecek beslenme eğitimleri çocuklarının sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıkları kazanması için önemli bir adım olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meyve ve sebze
• Beslenme alışkanlığı
• Sosyoekonomik düzey

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