Investigation of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Biomonitoring of Lepidium draba L. Species Growing in Amasya (Turkey) Province

Abstract

The aim of study was to investigate the usability of the naturally growing Lepidium draba L. species in phytoremediation method. Five different samples were taken from four different localities (city centre, highway, suburban and control) in Amasya. Plant samples were collected at the end of the vegetative period of the Lepidium draba in 2015-2016. The average concentration of heavy metal accumulation in the soil was determined as Fe> Mn> Co> Ni. Accordingly, the highest heavy metal concentrations were found in the city. According to the soil enrichment factor, Fe and Mn belong to significant enrichment class. The sample areas considering geo-accumulation index are uncontaminated with Ni, Co, Mn, but roadside, suburban and control sample areas are moderately contaminated with Fe, the city sample area is contaminated with Fe as moderately and highly. The average amount of heavy metal accumulation in the plant was determined as Fe>Mn>Ni>Co. Ni concentraitons were found below the toxic limit in plant and soil, Fe concentraitons were found above the limit value in plants and soil, Co concentraitons were found above the limit value in plants and soil. While Mn concentraiton was below the limit value in soil, it was found above the toxic limit in urban, roadside and suburbs. Ni and Fe accumulaions were detected high concentrations in roots and Co and Mn accumulaions were detected high concentrations in leaves. Heavy metal accumulation was found to be higher in the city due to high traffic density. BCF values were calculated higher than one in the city center and BCF and TF values of other elements except Co were calculated above two. The most accumulated element was found as Fe in the city center and roadside. As a result, TF and BCF values and hyperacumulatory properties of L. draba were found to be high.

Keywords

• L. draba
• heavy metal
• hyperaccumulator
• Amasya
• Turkey

Doğal Olarak Yayılış Gösteren Lepidium draba L. Türünün Fitoremediasyon Yönteminde Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı doğal olarak yayılış gösteren Lepidium draba L., türünün fitoremediasyon yönteminde kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Amasya ilinde şehir içi, otoyol, kenar semt ve kontrol olmak üzere 4 lokaliteden 5 farklı örnekleme yapılmıştır. Bitki örnekleri, 2015-2016 yıllarında Ağustos ayı sonunda (vejetatif dönemin sonu) toplandı. Toprakta ortalama olarak ağır metal birikim miktarları Fe >Mn >Co>Ni olarak tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre en yüksek ağır metal konsantrasyonları, trafik yoğunluğu olan şehir içinde bulunmuştur. Topraklarda zenginleşme faktörüne göre, Fe ve Mn belirgin zenginleşme sınıfına girmektedir. Jeobirikim indeksine göre; örnek alınan alanlar Ni, Co, Mn bakımından kirlenmemiş, Fe bakımından ise yol kenarı, kenar semt ve kontrol grubunda orta derece kirlenmiş iken şehir içinde orta–çok kirlenmiş olarak sınıflanmaktadır. Bitkide ortalama olarak ağır metal birikim miktarları Fe>Mn>Ni>Co olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ni bitki ve toprakta toksik sınırın altında, Fe bitkide ve toprakta sınır değerin üstüne, Co bitkide ve toprakta sınır değerin üstüne, Mn ise toprakta sınır değerinin altında iken şehiriçi, yol kenarı ve kenar semt lokalitelerinde toksik sınırın üstünde bulunmuştur. L.draba Ni ve Fe’nin köklerde birikimi, Co ve Mn ise yaprakta birikimin daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Trafik yoğunluğunun yüksek olduğu şehir içinde ağır metal birikimi daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Şehir merkezinde (BCF> 1) 1’ den daha yüksek BCF değerleri bulunmuş olup, yol kenarında Co dışında diğer elementlere ait BCF ve TF değeri 2’nin üstündedir. Şehir merkezi ve yol kenarında en fazla akümüle edilen element Fe olarak bulunmuştur. Buna göre L. draba türünün TF ve BCF değerleri yüksek bulunmuş olup bitkinin hiperakümülatörlük özelliğinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• L. draba
• Ağır metal
• hiperakümülatör
• Amasya
• Türkiye

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