Production and Function of Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and Status in Stress Conditions

Abstract

It is known that Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) play a role as a signaling molecule under biotic and abiotic stress conditions in plants, but its presence causes oxidative damage. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes are cell organelles in which RNS occur. It has been shown that nitrate reductase enzyme is the most important enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production in cytoplasm. NO interacts with many enzymes, substrates and hormones and plays a role in the regulation of physiological events. In this respect, production, physiological effects and inactivation of RNS are important in defining many physiological events.

Keywords

• Abiotic stress
• dormancy
• nitric oxide
• reactive nitrogen species
• stomata

Reaktif Azot Türlerinin (RNS) Üretimi, Fonksiyonu ve Stres Koşullarındaki Durumu

Abstract

Bitkilerde Reaktif Azot Türlerinin (RNS) biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşullarında sinyal molekülü olarak rol oynadığı, buna karşın varlığının oksidatif hasara yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Kloroplast, mitokondri, peroksizom, endoplazmik retikulum ve plazma memranları RNS’lerin ortaya çıktığı hücre organelleridir. Sitoplazmada nitrat redükdaz enziminin nitrik oksit (NO) üretiminden sorumlu en önemli enzim olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. NO birçok enzim, substrat ve hormonlar ile etkileşime girerek fizyolojik olayların düzenlenmesinde rol oynamaktadır. Bitki metabolizmasında aşırı konsantrasyonlarda üretildiğinde ise reaktif oksijen türlerinde olduğu gibi birçok enzim tarafından etkisiz forma dönüştürülmektedir. Bu yönden RNS’lerin üretimi, fizyolojik etkileri ve etkisizleştirilmeleri birçok fizyolojik olayı tanımlamada önemlidir.

Keywords

• Abiotik stres
• dormansi
• nitrik oksit
• reaktif oksijen türleri
• stoma

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