Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus Infections in Bean Production Areas in The Lakes Region of Turkey

Abstract

Common bean, belonging to family Leguminosae (Fabaceae), has an important place in people nutrition for thousands of years. Although many viruses infect bean plants, economically most important ones are potyviruses. Among them, BCMV (Bean common mosaic virus) and BCMNV (Bean common mosaic necrosis virus) are the most common viruses in common bean production areas all over the world. During 2014-2015 growing season, total of 361 bean samples (275 leaf and 86 seed) were collected from several localities in the Lakes Region. According to the results of DAS-ELISA (Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunusorbent Assay) test, percentages of the infections of BCMV and BCMNV in the leaf samples were 26.18% and 15.27%, respectively. In seed samples, BCMV and BCMNV infection rates were 2.32% and 6.97%, respectively. Percentages of the mixed infections of the viruses in the leaf samples were 25.45%, while that in the seed samples were. 55.81%. In the mechanically inoculation studies where two isolates (BCMV-I and BCMN-BT) were used, typical symptoms of the viruses were observed. In molecular studies, a 850 bp fragment of the CP (Coat Protein) gene was amplified by IC-RT-PCR (Immunocapture Reverse Transcription Polimerase Chain Reaction) using BCMV specific primer pairs, but amplification of the CP region of RNA genome of BCMNV could not be succeeded. This is first report of biological and serological methods in Lakes region.  

Keywords

• Bean,BCMV,BCMNV,Detection

Göller Bölgesi Fasulye Üretim Alanlarında Fasulye Adi Mozayik ve Fasulye Adi Mozayik Nekroz Virüs’ü Enfeksiyonları

Öz

Fasulye binlerce yıldır insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yeri olan Leguminosae (Fabaceae) familyası bitkisidir. Fasulye bitkisi çok sayıda virüs hastalığından önemli miktarda etkilense de ekonomik olarak en önemli zararları Potyvirüsler yapmaktadır. Bunların içerisinde en önemlileri Fasulye adi mozayik virüs (BCMV) ve Fasulye adi nekroz mozayik virüsü (BCMNV)’dür. Bu çalışma da, 2014-2015 yıllarında Göller Bölgesi fasulye üretim alanlarından 275 yaprak ve 86 tohum örneği olmak üzere toplam 361 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. DAS-ELISA metoduna göre; alınan yaprak örneklerinde BCMV’nün enfeksiyon yüzdesi, %26.18 iken; BCMNV’nün %15.27’dir. Tohum örneklerinde ise BCMV’nün enfeksiyon yüzdesi %2.32; BCMNV’nün %6.97’dir.Karışık enfeksiyon yüzdesi yaprak örneklerinde %25.45 iken tohumlarda bu oran %55.81 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mekanik inokulasyon çalışmalarında (BCMV-I ve BCMN-BT) iki izolat kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaların sonucunda virüslere özgü tipik simptomlar gözlenmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalarda; BCMV’ne özgü primer çiftleri ile kılıf protein geninin 850 bp’lik bir kısmı IC-RT-PCR (Immunocapture Reverse Transcription Polimerase Chain Reaction) metoduyla çoğaltılabilirken, BCMNV’nün amplifikasyonunda başarı elde edilememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fasulye,BCMV,BCMNV,Teşhis

References

1. Açıkgöz, S. (1984). The Identification of viruses on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and their distribution and damages in Erzincan and Erzurum Regions. Atatürk University, Agriculture Faculty, Erzurum, PhD Diss. Abst. 75p.
2. Albrechtsen, S. E. (2006). Testing methods for seed transmitted viruses: principles and protocols. Oxfordshire (UK), CABI Publishing.
3. Arlı-Sökmen, M., Deligöz, I., & Kutluk-Yılmaz, N. D. 2016. Characterization of Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus isolates in common bean growing areas in Turkey. European Journal of Plant Patholog, 146, 1-16. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-016-0886-x
4. Babović, M. (2003). Osnovi patologije biljaka. Poljoprivredni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. Bhadramurthy, V., & Bhat, A. I. (2009). Biological and molecular characterization of Bean common mosaic virus associated with vanilla in India. Indian ournal of Virology, 20(2), 70-77.
5. Çolak-Ateş, A., Fidan, H., Yılmaz, N., & Konuksal, A. (2017). Botrytis fabae and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) are the most common diseases of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in TRNC. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 6(2), 115-122.
6. Çulal –Kılıç, H., Yardımcı, N., Açıkyürek, S., & Uzal, A. (2015). Detection of BCMV AMV and CMV by DAS ELISA and Immunocapture RT PCR in Bean Growing Areas in The West Mediterranean Region Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(5), 1752-1756.
7. Deligöz, I., & Sökmen, M. A. (2008). Differention of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) strains infecting common bean in Samsun Province. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 37(1-3), 1-14. Dizadji, A., & Shahraeen, N. (2011). Occurrence, distribution and seasonal changes of viruses infecting common bean in northwestern Iran. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 44 (17), 1647–1654.
8. Galvez, G. E., & Morales, F. J. (1989). Aphid-transmitted viruses. Bean production problems in the Tropics. Shawartz H. F., Pastor-Corrales M. A. (Ed.). ( 333-361pp). 2nd. Edition, Cent.Int. Agric.Trop. (CIAT): Cali, Colombia,

9. Gilbertson, R. L., Guzman, P., Rojas, M., Crnov, R., & Mkandawire, A. (2001). Detection of bean-infecting viruses in California with an emphasis on the CRSP facilitated work. Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program in East Africa Proceedings: January 12-14, Bean Seed Workshop, Arusha, Tanzania.
10. Güzel Ö., & Arlı-Sökmen, M. (2003). Determination of some viruses infecting common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) and their incidences in seed lots in Samsun Province. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 32(2), 99-106. Hampton, R. O. (1975). The nature of bean yield reduction by Bean yellow and Bean common mosaic viruses. Phytopathology, 65, 1342-1346. Hongying, Z., Jiong, C., Jianping, C., Michael, J. A., & Mingsheng, L. T. (2002). BCMV isolates causing different symptoms in Asparagus bean in China differ greatly in the 5 parts of their genomes. Archives of Virology, 147, 1257-1262.
11. Kumar, C. A., Khetarpal R. K., Parakh, D. B., Singh, S., & Nath, R. (1994). Check list on seed transmitted viruses: Leguminous hosts. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 14p.
12. Kutluk Yılmaz, N. D., Gümüş, M., & Erkan, S.(2002). Studies on determination of virus diseases in the seeds of bean from Tokat Province. Ege University, Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 38(3), 49-55.
13. Larsen, R. C., Miklas P. N., Ruffel, K. L., & Wyatt, Ds. D. (2005). NL-3 K strain is a stable and naturally occurring interspecific recombinant derived from Bean common mosaic necrotic virus and Bean common mosaic virus. Phytopathology, 95, 1037–1042. Mandour, A. M., Abdelmaksoud, H. M. M., & El-Tahlawey, M. A. (2013). Seed transmission of Bean common mosaic virus. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 91(2), 403.
14. Mangeni, B., Abang, M. M., Awale, H., Omuseleitch, C. N., Arinaitwe, R., Mukoye, W., Kelly, B., & Were, J. D. (2014). Distribution and pathogenic Characterization of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in Western Kenya. Journal of Agri-Food and Applied Sciences, 2(10), 308-316. Melgarejo, T. A., Lehtonen, M. T., Fribourg, C. E., Rannali, M., & Valkonen, J. P. T. (2007). Strains of BCMV and BCMNV characterized from lima bean plants affected by deforming mosaic disease in Peru. Brief Report. Archives of Virology, 152, 1941–1949.
15. Petrović, D., Ignjatov, M., Nikolić, Z., Vujaković, M., Vasić, M., Milošević, M., & Ajduković, K. T. (2010). Occurrence and distribution of viruses infecting the bean in Serbia. Archives of Biological Science, 62(3), 595-601.
16. Rowhani, A., Maningas, M. A., Lile, L. S., Daubert, S. D., & Golino, D. A., 1995. Development of a detection system for viruses of woody plants based on PCR analysis of immobilized virions. Phytopathology, 85, 347–352.
17. Saiz, M., Blas, C., Carazo, G., Fresno, J., Romero, J., & Castro S. (1995). Incidence and characterization of Bean common mosaic virus isolates in Spanish bean fields. Plant Diseases,79, 79-81 .
18. Spence, N., & Walkey, D. (1995). Variation for pathogenicity among isolates of Bean common mosaic virus in Africa and a reinterpretation of the genetic relationship between cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris and pathotypes of BCMV. Plant Pathology, 44, 527-546. Wortmann, C. S., Kirkby, R. A., Elude, C. A. & Allen, D. J. (1998). Atlas of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Africa. CIAT publication, No. 297.