Development of Spatial Fuzzy Decision Support System

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to develop a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) with Geographic Information System (GIS) based Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. SDSS is a computer-based system designed to assist decision making in solving a spatial problem. These systems allow decision makers to select the most suitable option using multiple spatial criteria in the solution space where spatial and attribute information are combined. Besides, it is frequently preferred in various working areas of scientific research based on raster and location. However, the fact that the evaluation criteria are more than one while making analyzes with GIS complicates the process. Today, architectures that can support the map solution that combines spatial analysis with multi-criteria decision-making models are not common to determine the most suitable location within the scope of GIS based studies. For this reason, the capacity of GIS technologies to offer solutions for spatial decision making in decision making processes is insufficient. In this context, a model for making thematic maps with Netcad company was developed in terms of location selection and evaluation and a program integrated in the NetCAD Software was produced under the NetCAD Architectural Analysis module. The weights of the criteria determined according to location selection and evaluation problems were calculated with Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy DEMATEL, Weighted Linear Combination, Weighted Overlay and Fuzzy CMA-ES from evolutionary algorithm models. The selection and ranking stage of the alternatives in the problems was resolved with the Fuzzy TOPSIS method. Then, how different weight values of an independent variable affect the result was determined with sensitivity analysis. All of the processes mentioned were interfaced and integrated into the analysis module using C sharp programming language in NetCAD architect, which is a GIS based software product. As a result, point, area and pixel based thematic maps were produced. A comparative suitability map provided that using MCDM Methods such as TOPSIS, Fuzzy TOPSIS, Weigted Overlay, WLC which combine and sort layers in the form of a raster map was produced. Comparative suitability map production was provided by using methods and a model based on the most suitable location selection was developed on these maps.

Keywords

• GIS,SDSS,Fuzzy,AHP,DEMATEL,CMA-ES

Mekânsal Bulanık Karar Destek Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) tabanlı ÇKKV (Çok Kriterli Karar Verme) yöntemleriyle bir Mekansal Karar Destek Sistemi (MKDS) geliştirmektir. MKDS, mekansal problemlerin çözümünde karar vermeye yardımcı olmak için tasarlanmış bilgisayar tabanlı bir sistemdir. Bu sistemler, karar vericilere mekânsal ve öznitelik bilgilerinin birleştirildiği çözüm uzayında çoklu mekânsal kriterleri kullanarak en uygun seçeneğin belirlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, raster ve konuma dayalı farklı alanlardaki bilimsel araştırmalarda sıkça tercih edilmektedir. CBS ile analizler yapılırken değerlendirme kriterlerinin birden fazla olması, süreci kompleks hale getirmektedir. Günümüzde, CBS bazlı çalışmalar kapsamında en uygun yerin belirlenmesi için, çok kriterli karar verme modelleri ile mekansal analizleri entegre ederek harita çözümünü destekleyebilecek mimariler yaygın değildir. Bu sebeple, CBS teknolojilerinin karar verme süreçlerinde mekansal karar vermeye yönelik çözümler sunabilme kapasitesi yetersizdir. Bu kapsamda NetCAD firması ile yer seçimi ve değerlendirme amaçlı tematik haritaların yapılmasına yönelik bir model geliştirilmiş ve NetCAD Mimari Analiz modülü altında yapıyı entegre eden bir program oluşturulmuştur. Yer seçim ve değerlendirme problemlerine göre belirlenen kriterlerlerin ağırlıkları Bulanık ÇKKV metotlarından Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy DEMATEL ve evrimsel algoritma modellerinden Fuzzy CMA-ES ile hesaplanmıştır. Problemlerde yer alan alternatiflerin seçim ve sıralama aşaması Fuzzy TOPSIS metodu ile çözümlenmiştir. Belirtilen süreçlerin tamamında CBS temelli yazılım ürünü olan NetCAD mimarda C sharp programlama dili ile kullanılarak arayüzler oluşturulmuş ve analiz modülüne entegre edilmiştir. Sonrasında, bağımsız bir değişkenin farklı ağırlık değerlerinin sonucu nasıl etkilediği duyarlık analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, nokta, alan ve piksel bazlı tematik haritalar üretilmiştir. Raster harita şeklinde oluşturulan katmanları birleştiren ve sıralandıran TOPSIS, Bulanık TOPSIS, Weigted Overlay, WLC gibi yöntemler kullanılarak karşılaştırmalı uygunluk haritası üretilmiş ve bu haritalar üzerinde en uygun yer seçimini esas alan bir model geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CBS,MKDS,Bulanık,AHP,DEMATEL,CMA-ES

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