Effect of Copper and Zinc Application on Some Ecophysiological Properties of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)

Abstract

The presence of micro nutrients in the soil in higher or lower amounts than the optimum level is very effective in the formation of abiotic stress. As copper and zinc metal, which are among the micronutrients, play a role in many metabolic and biochemical processes in plants, they have a very important role in plant life.
In this study; Fagopyrum esculentum Moench., which has become a product with high potential in the food industry in recent years, was chosen as a material. Buckwheat of 4 different concentrations of copper and zinc elements, which play an important role in plant metabolism, yield and product quality . the type of germination the basic growth and development parameters for the ratio of the total length of the plants, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, root and shoot biomass was determined seed viability index on copper and zinc tolerance index. It has been determined that copper pollution negatively affects seed germination and seedling development, which is the first phase of plant development compared to high concentrations of zinc . In addition it has been determined that low concentrations of zinc affect seed germination but copper inhibits seed germination . It was determined that seed viability index is not affected by zinc concentrations , but seed viability index decreases in high copper concentrations. It has been demonstrated that root and stem wet-dry weight decreases with increasing concentrations in both metals and root biomass results accompany this in copper application . This study will contribute to the studies on the control of pollution in agricultural soils, which is an important ecological problem, by revealing the effects of copper and zinc metals in the early development phase, which has an important place in the life of the plant.

Keywords

• Buckwheat
• Copper
• Zinc
• Germination
• Seedling development

Bakır ve Çinko Uygulamasının Karbuğdayın (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench.) Bazı Ekofizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) bitkisi içerdiği nişasta ve lif içeriği; dengeli aminoasit kompozisyonu, yüksek protein oranı, yüksek oranda linoleik asit gibi doymamış yağ asitlerini içermesi ve tokofereol, fenolik bileşikler, flovanoid ve alkaloid türevlerini bulundurması nedeniyle son yıllarda gıda endüstrisinde yüksek potansiyele sahip bir ürün haline gelmiştir. Bitkilerin maruz kaldığı olumsuz koşulların başında yetiştikleri topraklarda optimum seviyeden daha yüksek ya da daha düşük miktarlarda bulunan makro ve mikro besin elementleri gelmektedir. Özellikle mikro besin elementlerinin toprakta bulunan miktarları abiyotik stres oluşumunda oldukça etkilidir. Mikro besin elementleri arasında yer alan bakır metalinin fazlalığının etkileri genellikle bitki kök sistemlerinde açığa çıkmaktadır ve bitkide fotosentez, solunum, protein sentezi, iyon alımı ve hücre membran stabilitesi gibi fizyolojik olayların bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca bakır fazlalığında hücre duvarı elastikiyeti bozulmakta ve turgor azalmaktadır. Çinko toksisitesinde ise hücre organelleri parçalandığı, yapraklarda klorozis oluştuğu, hücre büyümesi ve uzaması engellendiği, kök meristem hücrelerinde çinkonun birikmesi ile profaz aşamasında aksaklıkların yaşandığı ve mitozun engellendiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada; bitki metabolizmasında, verim ve ürün kalitesinde önemli rol oynayan bakır ve çinko elementlerine ait 4 farklı konsantrasyonun Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. türüne ait temel büyüme ve gelişme parametreleri olan çimlenme oranı, bitki toplam uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, gövde çapı, yaprak sayısı, kök ve gövde biyokütlesi, bakır ve çinko tolerans indeksi ile tohum canlılık indeksi belirlenmiştir. Bakır kirliliğinin çinkonun yüksek konsantrasyonlarına nazaran bitki gelişiminin ilk evresi olan tohum çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca düşük konsantrasyonlardaki çinkonun tohum çimlenmesini olumlu etkilediğini ancak bakırın tohum çimlenmesini inhibe ettiği belirlenmiştir. Tohum canlılık indeksinin çinko konsantrasyonlarından etkilenmediği ancak yüksek bakır konsantrasyonlarında tohum canlılık indeksinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Kök ve gövde yaş-kuru ağırlığının her iki metalde de artan konsatrasyonlarda azaldığı, bakır uygulamasında kök biyokütlesi sonuçlarının da buna eşlik ettiği ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışma bakır ve çinko metallerinin bitkinin yaşamında önemli bir yeri olan erken gelişim evresindeki etkilerini ortaya koyarak önemli bir ekolojik sorun olan tarımsal topraklardaki kirliliğin kontrolü ile ilgili yapılacak olan çalışmalara katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karabuğday
• Bakır
• Çinko
• çimlenme
• fide gelişimi

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